Introduction to
the Piano
The piano is a magnificent instrument with a rich history and complex inner
workings. It's a versatile instrument, capable of producing a wide range of
sounds from delicate whispers to powerful roars.
by Mahantesh Haveli
Piano Anatomy and Components
Soundboard Action Frame
The soundboard is a large, thin piece The action is a complex system of The frame is a sturdy structure that
of wood that vibrates when the levers and hammers that transmit supports the strings and soundboard,
strings are struck, amplifying the the force of the keys to the strings. preventing them from warping or
sound. breaking.
Acoustic Principles of Piano Sound
Production
1 Hammer Impact 2 String Vibration
When a key is pressed, a hammer strikes the string, The string vibrates at a specific frequency, producing
causing it to vibrate. a sound wave that travels through the air.
3 Soundboard Resonance 4 Sound Projection
The soundboard amplifies the vibrations of the The sound waves travel from the soundboard through
strings, making the sound louder and richer. the piano's case and out into the room.
The Piano Keyboard and
Key Action
Key Depression
1 When a key is pressed down, it depresses a lever called the key
lever.
Hammer Activation
2 The key lever activates a hammer that is connected to the
string.
Hammer Strike
3 The hammer strikes the string, causing it to vibrate and produce
a sound.
Piano Strings and Soundboard
Strings Soundboard
Made of steel wire Made of spruce wood
Vary in thickness and length Large, thin, and flexible
Produce different pitches when struck Amplifies the vibrations of the strings
The Piano Damper and
Sustain Mechanism
Damper
The damper is a small piece of felt that rests on the string, silencing it when
the key is released.
Sustain Pedal
When the sustain pedal is pressed, the dampers are lifted from all the strings,
allowing them to vibrate freely.
Sustain Mechanism
The sustain mechanism allows the pianist to control the length of time that a
note sustains, creating a variety of expressive effects.
Piano Pedals and Their
Functions
Sustain Pedal
Lifts all dampers from the strings, allowing notes to resonate longer.
Soft Pedal
Shifts the action slightly, making the hammer strike the strings with less
force, resulting in a softer sound.
Middle Pedal
Found on some pianos, the middle pedal (sometimes called the "practice
pedal") mutes the sound of the strings, allowing for silent practice.
Maintenance and Care
of the Piano
1 Regular Tuning
A piano should be tuned at least once a year by a qualified
technician.
2 Dusting and Cleaning
Dust the keys, case, and soundboard regularly with a soft cloth.
3 Humidity Control
Extreme humidity can damage the piano's wood and strings.
Keep it in a climate-controlled environment.
4 Professional Service
Have a technician inspect the piano for any signs of damage or
wear and tear.
