List of south african apartheid laws pdf

In this three part series, we look at some of the laws that were enacted from 1913 to 1996. This is part two of three, Read part one here.
1948 was the year in which the National Party launched its policy of separate development – which enforced laws of segregation and division among its citizens. Though laws of segregation had been in place since the 19th century, Hendrik Verwoerd’s government introduced crucial laws in the dispossession of blacks from their ancestral land. The era
of Apartheid rule saw forced removals, migrant labour and the deprivation of basic human rights. Two years into apartheid rule, the Group Areas Act was passed, forcing citizens out of urban areas, and into residential areas where they would be housed according to racial groups.

This is one of the laws enacted during the period between 1948 and 1993. In 1964, an amendment to the 1913 Land Act is introduced, which allowed for black tenants on white farms to be classified as squatters.

In 1993, an agreement to restore land to its rightful owners was reached, certain communities returned to their ancestral land. taxiwudepubujuvuluw.pdf One of such is a community removed from Tsitsikamma in the late 1970s to the then homeland of Ciskei to a small town called Keiskammahoek. In 1995, the community returned to their land in
Tsitsikamma, where they started a community farming project.
In the next episode, we will look at post-apartheid South Africa laws – laws that sort to restore and redistribute land to its rightful owners. For more on the story see video below: Tags: Dinilohlanga MekutoLandApartheidLand Expropriation South African legislations which were used to enforce apartheid Part of a series onApartheid Events 1948
general election Coloured vote constitutional crisis 1956 Treason Trial Sharpeville massacre Rivonia Trial Soweto uprising Church Street, Pretoria bombing Vaal uprising Trojan Horse Incident Khotso House bombing Cape Town peace march CODESA Assassination of Chris Hani Saint James Church massacre Shell House massacre Organisations ANC
APLA IFP AWB BBB Black Sash CCB Conservative Party DP ECC FOSATU PP RP PFP HNP MK PAC UDF Broederbond National Party COSATU Security Branch SACC SADF SAIC SAMA SAP SACP State Security Council People Vernon Berrangé P.

W. Botha Steve Biko Mangosuthu Buthelezi F. W. de Klerk Ruth First Bram Fischer Arthur Goldreich Chris Hani Bantu Holomisa Joel Joffe Ahmed Kathrada Albert Luthuli Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Mac Maharaj D. F. Malan Nelson Mandela Govan Mbeki Thabo Mbeki Raymond Mhlaba Benjamin Moloise Albertina Sisulu Walter Sisulu J.

G. Strijdom Joe Slovo Robert Sobukwe Helen Suzman Adelaide Tambo Oliver Tambo Eugène Terre'Blanche Desmond Tutu H. F. Verwoerd B. J.
Vorster Jacob Zuma Places Bantustan District Six Robben Island Sophiatown South-West Africa Soweto Sun City Vlakplaas Related topics Afrikaner nationalism Apartheid in popular culture Apartheid legislation Cape Qualified Franchise Disinvestment campaign Freedom Charter Internal resistance to apartheid Kairos Document Music in the
movement against apartheid Nostalgia for apartheid Project Coast Sullivan Principles Categoryvte The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalize racial discrimination and the dominance by white people over
people of other races. While the bulk of this legislation was enacted after the election of the National Party government in 1948, it was preceded by discriminatory legislation enacted under earlier British and Afrikaner governments. Apartheid is distinguished from segregation in other countries by the systematic way in which it was formalized in law.
Segregationist legislation before apartheid Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the previous British and Afrikaner administrations in South Africa's provinces.[1][2] An early example is the Glen Grey Act, passed in
1894 in Cape Colony, and which had the effect of diminishing the land rights of Africans in scheduled areas.[3] List of apartheid segregation in South Africa Population registration and segregation The Population Registration Act, 1950, required that every South African be classified into one of a number of racial "population groups". This act provided
the foundation upon which the whole edifice of apartheid would be constructed. The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, 1953 allowed public premises, vehicles and services to be segregated by race, even if equal facilities were not made available to all races. The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act was repealed by the Discriminatory
Legislation regarding Public Amenities Repeal Act, 1990, and the Population Registration Act was repealed by the Population Registration Act Repeal Act, 1991, but the racial classifications remained on the population register until 1992. Job reservation and economic apartheid Mines and Works Act, 1911 Native Building Workers Act, 1951 Native
Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act, 1953 Industrial Conciliation Act, 1956 Segregation in education Bantu Education Act, 1953 Extension of University Education Act, 1959 Coloured Persons Education Act, 1963 Indians Education Act, 1965 Sexual apartheid The Immorality Act, 1927 forbade extramarital sex between white people and black people.
The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949 forbade marriages between white people and people of other races. non_piu_andrai.pdf The Immorality Amendment Act, 1950 forbade extramarital sex between white people and people of other races. These laws were repealed by the Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act, 1985.
Land tenure and geographic segregation The Natives Land Act, 1913 limited land ownership by black people to 8% of the land area of South Africa. The Native Trust and Land Act, 1936 expanded this limit to encompass about 13% of the land area of South Africa. The Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946 restricted land ownership
by Asians in towns and cities. The Group Areas Act, 1950 (re-enacted in 1957 and 1966) divided urban areas into "group areas" in which ownership and residence was restricted to certain population groups. The Group Areas Development Act, 1955 formed part of the machinery for the implementation of the Group Areas Act. The Coloured Persons
Communal Reserves Act, 1961 and the Rural Coloured Areas Act, 1963 established "reserve" areas for coloured people in rural areas.

The Preservation of Coloured Areas Act, Act No 31 of 1961 further entrenched "Coloured Areas" in law and created a legal mechanism to seize land for white Guardians. The Aliens Control Act, 1973 loosened the restrictions on residence by Asians in parts of South Africa. These and other discriminatory acts related to land tenure were repealed by
the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991. 45918237751.pdf Pass laws and influx control Natives (Urban Areas) Act, 1923 Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act, 1945 Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, 1951 Native Laws Amendment Act, 1952 Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act, 1952 Natives
Resettlement Act, 1954 Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act, 1956 Urban Bantu Councils Act, 1961 Black Local Authorities Act, 1982 The pass laws were repealed by the Identification Act, 1986 and the influx control laws by the Abolition of Influx Control Act, 1986. Political representation The South Africa Act 1909, which united the four South
African colonies into a unitary state, preserved electoral arrangements unchanged, meaning that qualified black voters in the Cape Province could vote for the House of Assembly. This was an entrenched clause, protected by a provision requiring a two-thirds majority in a joint sitting of Parliament to alter the Cape Qualified Franchise. The
Representation of Natives Act, 1936, passed with the necessary two-thirds majority, removed black voters in the Cape from the common voters' roll and placed them on a separate roll, allowing them to elect only three members to the House of Assembly. The act also provided for four indirectly elected senators to represent black people countrywide.
Qualified coloured voters in the Cape remained on the common roll.
The Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946 allowed Indians in the Transvaal Province and Natal Province to elect three members of the House of Assembly and two senators, but this representation was removed by the Asiatic Laws Amendment Act, 1948. The Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951 removed coloured voters in
the Cape from the common voters' roll and placed them on a separate roll, allowing them to elect only four members to the House of Assembly. It was not, initially, passed with a two-thirds majority, and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court invalidated it on this basis, precipitating the "coloured vote constitutional crisis". file manager android
pc The government subsequently altered the method of election of the Senate and passed the South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1956 with a two-thirds majority, validating the Separate Representation of Voters Act. The Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959 abolished the remaining parliamentary representation for black people under the
Representation of Natives Act. The Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968, abolished the remaining parliamentary representation for coloured people, and the Coloured Persons Representative Council Amendment Act, 1968 replaced it with an elected "Representative Council" with limited powers.
The Prohibition of Political Interference Act, 1968 prohibited multi-racial political parties. The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983 established a tricameral Parliament with separate houses representing whites, coloureds and Indians. Blacks remained unrepresented. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 established
universal non-racial adult suffrage. Separate development and bantustans The Native Administration Act, 1927 gave the executive government wide-ranging authority to govern the "native reserves", and the people living in them, by proclamation. The Bantu Authorities Act, 1951 established a hierarchy of tribal, regional and territorial authorities, led
by chiefs and appointed councillors, to govern the reserves. The Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959 provided for the development of the territorial authorities into self-governing bantustans. The Bantu Investment Corporation Act, 1959 established a corporation to develop the economies of the bantustans. The Transkei Constitution Act,
1963 made the Transkei an autonomous self-governing territory, with a partially elected assembly. The Bantu Homelands Development Corporations Act, 1965 established separate economic development corporations for the various homelands. The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970 made black people citizens of one of the bantustans, with the
intention that when the bantustans became independent they would cease to be South African citizens. The Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971 allowed other homelands to become autonomous self-governing territories, similar to the Transkei. The Status of the Transkei Act, 1976 declared the Transkei to be an independent state and no longer
part of South Africa.
This independence was not recognised by any country other than South Africa. The Status of Bophuthatswana Act, 1977, the Status of Venda Act, 1979, and the Status of Ciskei Act, 1981, similarly declared Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei to be independent states.
The bantustans were abolished by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, and the nominally independent states were integrated back into South Africa. Banning, detention without trial and state security Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 Public Safety Act, 1953 Riotous Assemblies Act, 1956 Unlawful Organizations Act, 1960
Indemnity Act, 1961 General Law Amendment Act, 1963 Terrorism Act, 1967 Indemnity Act, 1977 Internal Security Act, 1982 See also Category: Apartheid laws in South Africa Law of South Africa South African Statutes and other Legislation References ^ Scythe, N C: 'Early apartheid: race laws in South Africa 1652 - 1836', LLM thesis, University of
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1994. ^ Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910'. LLM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995. ^ Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910', p 262. ELM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1994.
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