Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Hamro School[website]

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

Department of Computer Application

Asian College of Higher Studies

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelors in Computer Application

Submitted by

Manoj Basnet [190601]

Under the Supervision of

Rajesh Maharjan
 Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Asian College of Higher Studies

LETTER OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that this project prepared by Manoj Basnet entitled “Hamro School”
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Computer
Application has been evaluated. In our opinion

------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
SIGNATURE of Supervisor SIGNATURE of HOD/ Coordinator
Rajesh Maharjan Pranaya Nakarmi
Supervisor Coordinator
Asian College of Higher Studies Asian College of Higher Studies
Jawlakhel,Lalitpur Jawlakhel,Lalitpur

-------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
SIGNATURE of Internal Examiner SIGNATURE of External Examiner
Internal Examiner External Examiner
 Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Asian College of Higher Studies

Supervisor’s Recommendation

I hereby recommend that this project prepared by Manoj Basnet entitled “Hamro
School” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Computer Application is recommended for the final evaluation.

………………………..

Rajesh Maharjan

Supervisor

Humanities and Social Science

Asian College of Higher Studies

 Abstract
The abstract for the of Hamro School is delivering educational content through electronic
devices. It explores various formats of e-learning, including web-based, mobile, video-based,
audio-based, and blended learning. The objective is to provide an understanding of e-
learning's benefits, challenges, and technologies involved. E-learning aims to highlight the
flexibility, accessibility, and convenience of e-learning, enabling learners to access
educational content anytime, anywhere. Additionally, it discusses the potential of e-learning
to enhance learner engagement, retention, and performance. Overall, this presentation serves
as a comprehensive overview of e-learning, shedding light on its significance in modern
education.

Keywords: Hamro School, Content based Filtering, PHP,HTML,CSS

 Acknowledgements
I take this opportunity to thank every teacher and faculty member who helped and
supported me on this project . Thanks to Mr. Rajesh Maharjan our supervisor to
provide proper direction and advice at critical juncture and to show me right path .
Last but not least, I want to thank my friend for their support and encouragement
during my effort.

Project member

Manoj Basnet
Table of Contents

LETTER OF APPROVAL........................................................................................................
Supervisor’s Recommendation................................................................................................iii
Abstract....................................................................................................................................iv
Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................
List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................viii
Table of Figure.........................................................................................................................ix
List of Table..............................................................................................................................
Chapter 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................
1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................
1.2 Problem Statement.........................................................................................................
1.3 Objectives.......................................................................................................................
1.4 Scope and Limitation.....................................................................................................
1.4.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................
1.4.2 Limitation..................................................................................................................
1.5 Report Organization.......................................................................................................
Chapter 2 Background Study and Literature Review................................................................
2.1 Background Study..........................................................................................................
2.2 Literature Review...........................................................................................................
Chapter 3 System Analysis and Design.....................................................................................
3.1 System Analysis.............................................................................................................
3.1.1 Requirement Analysis...............................................................................................
3.1.2 Feasibility Analysis...................................................................................................
3.1.3 Data Modeling ER Diagram......................................................................................
3.1.4 Process Modeling DFD.............................................................................................
3.2 System Design..............................................................................................................12
3.2.1 Architectural Design...............................................................................................12
3.2.2 Database Scheme design.........................................................................................13
 3.2.3 Interface design (UI/UX)........................................................................................14
3.3 Algorithm.....................................................................................................................17
Chapter 4 Implementation and Testing...................................................................................20
4.1 Implementation.............................................................................................................20
4.1.1 Tools Used..............................................................................................................20
4.1.2 Implementation Details of Modules........................................................................21
4.2 Testing..........................................................................................................................23
4.2.1 Test cases for Unit Testing......................................................................................23
4.2.2 Test cases for System Testing.................................................................................24
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Reference...........................................................................25
5.1 Conclusion....................................................................................................................25
5.2 Lesson learnt/Outcome.................................................................................................25
5.3 Future Recommendation..............................................................................................25
References...............................................................................................................................26
Appendices..............................................................................................................................27
 List of Abbreviations
CSS Cascading Style Sheets

DFD Data Flow Diagram

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

I/O device Input/output device

JS JavaScript

OS Operating System

RAM Read Only Memory

SQL Structured Query Language

Table of Figure
Figure 3.1.1-1 Use Case Diagram...........................................................................................
Figure 3.1.3-1:Er Diagram......................................................................................................
Figure 3.1.4-1 :Level 0 DFD modeling of Hamro School.....................................................
Figure 3.1.4-2:Level 1 DFD of Hamro School.....................................................................
Figure 3.1.4-3:Level 2 DF of Hamro School........................................................................
Figure 3.2.1-1:Architectural Design.....................................................................................
Figure 3.2.2-1:Database Scheme...........................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-1:User Landing page........................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-2:Course............................................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-3:Recommended videos....................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-4:Admin Page....................................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-5:Add Course....................................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-6:Add course video...........................................................................................
Figure 3.2.3-7:List of User.....................................................................................................
Figure 4.1.2-1:Implementation of user registration............................................................
Figure 4.1.2-2:Implementation of user login.......................................................................
 List of Table
Table 4.2.1-1:Unit Testing.....................................................................................................
Table 4.2.2-1:System Testing................................................................................................
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction
Hamro School emerged as a vital educational platform, aiming to bridge a significant
gap in learning resources for Nepali students. Across many regions in the country, the
availability of schools and qualified teachers was insufficient. Even when schools were
present, the quality of education provided was often not up to par. In response to these
challenges, Hamro School was established to produce educational videos with the goal
of equipping young learners with the knowledge and skills necessary to become
successful graduates.

1.2 Problem Statement

The Hamro school system web application aims to address the following challenges
faced by the student:
1. Switching from traditional classroom and face to face instructor training to
computer-based training in a virtual classroom makes the learning experience
entirely different for students.
2. Many students are not provided with the high bandwidth or the strong internet
connection that online courses require, and thus fail to catch up with their
virtual classmates.
3. Although students are generally tech sazzy, and thus able to manage computers well,
lack of computer literacy is a major issue among students today.

1.3 Objectives
The objectives of this study includes:

 To provide quality education to students.

 To facilitate self-paced learning and independent study.
 To cater to different learning styles and preferences.
1.4Scope and Limitation
1.4.1Scope

 The website intends to offer a wide range of subjects and courses, covering
various academic disciplines.
 Hamro School aims to reach a global audience, providing education to students
from different regions and backgrounds.
 The platform will offer interactive and multimedia-rich content videos.
 Hamro School aims to cater to students of all ages, from primary to higher
education levels.

1.4.2Limitation

 The effectiveness of e-learning depends on the availability and reliability of

internet connectivity and access to electronic devices. Students without proper
access to technology may face limitations in utilizing the platform.
 While Hamro School aims to provide comprehensive educational resources, it
may not be able to cover all subjects or topics in-depth due to resource
constraints.
 The platform relies on self-paced learning, which may require students to be
self-motivated and disciplined in managing their study time.
 The website's effectiveness may depend on the quality and accuracy of the
content provided, which requires constant monitoring and updating.
1.5Report Organization

Chapter 1: Introduction

This chapter the introduction of the project where problem statement, objective of the
project along with the scopes and limitations of the project are listed which will
provide a general concept of the project to the reader.

Chapter 2: Background Study and Literature Review

This chapter explores the background and context of the project, as well as related
research and previous projects. It provides a foundation for understanding the project's
significance and its contributions to the field.
Chapter 3: System Analysis and Design
This chapter describes the project's system architecture and design in detail. It covers
the functional and non-functional requirements, as well as the data and process models.
It also discusses the tools and technologies used to implement the system.
Chapter 4: Implementation and Testing
This Chapter describes the testing and implementation phase of the project i.e. it
includes designing of test cases to check if the system and its components work as
intended during development. It also contains tools that were used in the construction
of the project.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Recommendation
This chapter describes the conclusion of the entire project. In this chapter, outcome of
the project is noted along with the things learnt from the creation of the project. In
addition to these things the future recommendations of the project are also listed in the
end of chapter 5.
 Chapter 2 Background Study and Literature Review

2.1Background Study
E-learning, a rapidly evolving educational paradigm, has revolutionized the way
students access and acquire knowledge. One of its prominent features is the ability for
students to learn by watching customized video content, which serves as an integral
component of their educational experience. This mode of learning is founded on the
principles of accessibility, flexibility, and engagement.

E-learning breaks down geographical barriers, granting students the freedom to access
educational content from virtually anywhere with an internet connection. This
accessibility empowers individuals who may have been otherwise constrained by
location or physical limitations, fostering inclusivity in education.

The flexibility offered by e-learning is paramount. Students can learn at their own
pace, pausing, rewinding, or fast-forwarding videos as needed. This personalized
approach accommodates diverse learning styles and preferences, enhancing
comprehension and retention.

The engagement factor of video-based e-learning is significant. Visual and auditory

stimuli create a multisensory learning experience that can be more captivating than
traditional text-based materials. The integration of graphics, animations, and real-life
demonstrations in videos facilitates deeper understanding and retention of complex
concepts.

Furthermore, e-learning platforms often incorporate interactive features such as

quizzes, discussions, and assignments, enabling students to apply what they've learned
and receive immediate feedback, thus promoting active learning.
2.2Literature Review
The literature review conducted for an e-learning website, involved a comprehensive
analysis of relevant academic and industry publications to gain insights into the
effectiveness of e-learning platforms and their impact on educational outcomes. The
review aimed to identify key findings, best practices, and emerging trends in the field
of e-learning.

E-learning is a viable alternative to a traditional teaching environment where lecturers

and students occupy different physical spaces, and e-learning also has an impact on
student academic achievement, as seen from the results of good assessments or exams,
as well as the positive attitude of students in general. Interesting elements of e-learning
enable students to acquire basic skills and competencies and take the initiative to learn
more [1].

.The use of unsuitable teaching materials in every lesson causes the message conveyed
by the teacher to be less understood by students. The role of teaching materials will not
be seen if their use is not in line with the contents of the learning objectives that have
been formulated. If their use does not meet the learning objectives, the teaching
materials cannot support a learning process. Without teaching materials, it will be very
difficult for teachers to improve the effectiveness of learning, as well as students,
without teaching materials it will be very difficult to adjust to learning. The modules
used in learning activities have certain components as one of the characteristics of
individual learning . [2]

Effective and efficient the teaching and learning process carried out by the teacher is
the quality of the teacher in education, to ensure the quality of teaching needs to be
considered referring to behaviour when teaching in a class by providing teaching
motivation. [3]
 Chapter 3 System Analysis and Design

3.1System Analysis
System analysis is indeed a critical phase where the requirements and objectives of a
software project are thoroughly examined to ensure that the final software system
effectively meets the needs and expectations of its users and stakeholders.

3.1.1Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis, also known as requirements analysis or requirement

engineering, is a fundamental phase where the primary goal is to thoroughly
understand and document the needs and expectations of stakeholders. This process
helps in defining both functional and non-functional requirements for the software
system.

a. Functional requirements
Functional requirements (FRs) are a key component of software requirements
that describe the specific functions or features a software system must perform.
They outline the system's behavior, defining what it should do to meet the
needs of its users and stakeholders.
 Figure 3.1.1-1 Use Case Diagram

In the Hamro School e-learning platform, the use cases are designed to provide
specific functionalities for both the admin and students. The admin can log in to the
system, view courses, add new courses, update existing course information, delete
courses if necessary, and log out. On the other hand, students have the ability to sign
up for an account, log in, view available courses, search for specific courses, and log
out when they are done. These use cases ensure that the admin has complete control
over course management and the students have a user-friendly interface to access and
interact with the available courses.

b. Non-functional requirements
 Ensure fast response times, quick content loading, and efficient course
navigation.
 Provide a user-friendly interface with clear instructions, intuitive
controls, and well-organized course categories.
 Implement robust security measures to protect user data, including
authentication, secure data transmission, and role-based access control.
 Design the system to handle increasing demands and accommodate
future growth without compromising performance or user experience.
3.1.2Feasibility Analysis

Following feasibilities were studied before building the system to see if the system
could be built with exact requirements in the expected time:

i. Technical Feasibility: Evaluate the technical requirements and resources

needed to develop and maintain the e-learning website, including the necessary
hardware, software, and technical expertise.
ii. Economic Feasibility: Assess the financial resources required for the
development, implementation, and maintenance of the e-learning platform,
including infrastructure costs, licensing fees, and ongoing operational expenses.
iii. Operational Feasibility: Determine the operational capabilities and resources
needed to support the e-learning platform, including staffing, training, and
support services for administrators and instructors.

3.1.3Data Modeling ER Diagram

Data modeling ER diagram is a diagram that describes the structure of a database. It is

a visual representation of the data entities, attributes, and relationships between them.
ER diagrams are used to design databases and to communicate the database design to
others. ER diagrams use a set of standard symbols to represent data entities, attributes,
and relationships.
 Figure 3.1.3-2:Er Diagram

The figure 3.1.3-1 shows that there are several entities in the ER diagram for the
system namely login, admin, user, videos, . Each entity has their own entities that are
necessary for designing the database. It shows what relation different entities hold
among each other.
3.1.4Process Modeling DFD

Data-flow diagram are primarily focused on data flow, but they can incorporate aspects
of control flow, decision rules, and even represent loops to some extent. They are a
valuable tool for visualizing and documenting how data is processed within a system
or process, aiding in system analysis, design, and communication.

Level 0 DFD:
A Context Diagram is indeed the highest-level DFD in a system's DFD hierarchy. It
provides an overview of the entire system, showing the major processes, data flows,
and data stores involved, but without delving into the internal details of these
processes.
 Figure 3.1.4-3 :Level 0 DFD modeling of Hamro School

The figure 3.1.4-1 shows the working mechanism diagram of my project. Hamro
School acts as an interface between user and administrator. It works like a bridge to
make a stable communication between user and admin.

Level 1 DFD:
This level provides a more detailed view of the system by breaking down the major
processes identified in the level 0 DFD into sub-processes. Each sub-process is
depicted as a separate process on the level 1 DFD. The data flows and data stores
associated with each sub-process are also shown.
 Figure 3.1.4-4:Level 1 DFD of Hamro School
The figure 3.1.4-2 demonstrate level1 DFD of the system. According to above level1
dfd figure manager able to create Category ,get category , get video info by
category ,request video and get video where user can view video.

Level 2 DFD:
2-level DFD goes one step deeper into parts of 1-level DFD. It can be used to plan or
record the specific/necessary detail about the system’s functioning.
 Figure 3.1.4-5:Level 2 DF of Hamro School
The figure3.2.4-3 demonstrate level2 DFD of the system demonstrate over all flow of
the system. The figure3.2.4-3 shows process how Admin create category ,add videos.

3.2System Design
System design plays a pivotal role in the software development process, acting as a
crucial link between the initial requirements gathering stage and the subsequent
implementation phase. During this phase, the comprehensive architecture and intricate
structural elements of the software system are meticulously planned and defined.
3.2.1Architectural Design

Architectural design in software development entails the meticulous definition of a

software system's overarching structure, its constituent components, and their
interactions. This phase serves as a foundational blueprint for constructing the
software, providing guidance on how different elements of the system will collaborate
to realize the desired functionality and adhere to specified quality attributes.

Figure 3.2.1-6:Architectural Design

The figure 3.2.1-1 shows the architectural design of Hamro School . I have three layer:
presentation, application and database layer describing the working of my system.

3.2.2Database Scheme design

Database schema design is an integral facet of database development, encompassing

the strategic planning of a database's structure and organization. This process is
essential for the efficient storage, management, and retrieval of data. A meticulously
crafted database schema not only guarantees data accuracy and integrity but also
optimizes overall performance.
 Figure 3.2.2-7:Database Scheme
The figure 3.2.2-1 shows the database scheme design of my Hamro School. The figure
displays the inter-relationship between different tables of database.
3.2.3Interface design (UI/UX)

Figure 3.2.3-8:User Landing page

Figure 3.2.3-9:Course
Figure 3.2.3-10:Recommended videos

Figure 3.2.3-11:Admin Page

 Figure 3.2.3-12:Add Course

Figure 3.2.3-13:Add course video

 Figure 3.2.3-14:List of User

3.3Algorithm
Content-based Algorithm is a type of recommender system that recommends items to
users based on the similarity between the items and the user's past preferences.
Content-based filtering algorithms are often used in websites and apps that recommend
products, music, videos and other types of content to users.

Basic steps to implement algorithm,

 Get the user's preferred tag.

 For each video in the database:
 Calculate the Jaccard index for tag similarity between the user's preferred
tag and the tags of the video.
 Sort the videos in descending order of similarity.
 Display the top N videos to the user as recommendations.

\
Steps for processing algorithm

1. Calculate Jaccard Index for Tag Similarity:

 The code starts by calculating the Jaccard index for tag similarity
between the user's preferred tags ($userPreferredTag) and the tags
associated with a video ($videoTag).
 It does this by first splitting both tag strings into arrays using
explode(",").
 Then, it calculates the intersection of these arrays to find common tags
using array intersect.
 It calculates the union of these arrays to find all unique tags using
array_unique and array merge.
 Finally, it computes the Jaccard similarity by dividing the count of the
intersection by the count of the union.

2. Store Similarity Scores:

 The similarity score ($tagSimilarity) for each video is stored in the
$tagRecommendations array with the video ID as the key.

3. Sort Recommendations:
 The recommendations in the $tagRecommendations array are sorted in
descending order of similarity using arsort. This means that videos with
higher tag similarity scores come first.
4. Display Recommended Videos:
 The code iterates through the sorted recommendations and fetches
additional video data using the getVideoDataById function.
 The video itself is embedded in a <video> element, and there is a link to
view the video on a separate page.
 Chapter 4 Implementation and Testing
4.1Implementation
The implementation phase is where the software comes to life through the creation of
code, typically using programming languages like Java, Python, or C++. In this
context, the entire project management system has been built using Java. This phase
also includes thorough testing to verify that the code functions according to its
intended specifications.

4.1.1Tools Used

a. CASE TOOLS
i. VS Code:
VS Code is a popular code editor because it is lightweight, extensible, and
cross-platform. It also has a large and active community of developers who
create and maintain extensions for a wide variety of languages and
frameworks, including PHP.
ii. XAMPP:
XAMPP is a free and open-source software package that installs Apache
HTTP Server, MariaDB database, PHP programming language, and Perl on
a computer. It is a popular choice for local development environments, as it
is easy to install and configure.
iii. [Link]
[Link] was utilized as a case tool for designing and creating visual
representations, such as system flow diagrams, ER diagrams etc. during
system analysis and design phase.
b. PROGARMMING LANGUAGE
i. Html:
HTML use for creating webpage application layer.
ii. CSS:
CSS was utilized for styling and visual presentation of the project
Management It allowed for customization of fonts color, layouts and
overall visual aesthetics.
 iii. Java script:
JavaScript use for logical function and frontend validation as well.
iv. PHP:
PHP use for linking database and application layer. Also, we have used it
for validation purpose.

4.1.2Implementation Details of Modules

i. Registration:
Figure 4.1.2-1 shows the registration script for a website. It allows users to register by
providing their name, email, phone number, and password. The password is encrypted
using AES encryption before storing it in the database.
 Figure 4.1.2-15:Implementation of user registration

ii. Login:
Figure 4.2.2-2 shows the login form. It allows users to log into their account by
providing their username or email and password. The password is decrypted before
being compared to the password stored in the database.

Figure 4.1.2-16:Implementation of user login

 4.2Testing
Software testing is the vital process of systematically evaluating and verifying the
performance of a software application, ensuring it operates correctly and aligns with
the anticipated outcomes throughout its development lifecycle. This rigorous
examination encompasses the scrutiny of the software's behavior, features, and
functionality to detect and rectify defects, errors, or discrepancies between the desired
and actual results. In essence, testing serves as a fundamental quality assurance
measure, guaranteeing that the software fulfills its intended purpose and complies with
the specified requirements.

4.2.1Test cases for Unit Testing

Unit testing is a software testing technique that centers on the examination of

individual units or components within a software application in isolation. These
"units" are usually the smallest discernible parts of a program, like functions, methods,
or classes. The primary objective of unit testing is to ascertain that each unit of code
performs its designated function accurately and autonomously as intended.

S Test Test Input Expected Actual Pass/Fail

. Description outcome Outcome
N

1 Encoding Input: Encoded text XFNdW19UVk Pass

Registration will not in sIAgI3NjEwM
Password=m
password anojbas123 Human readable w==

format

2 Decoding Decode text= Text will Password=man Pass

login password XFNdW19U decoded in ojbas123
VksIAgI3Nj human readable
EwMw== form.

Table 4.2.1-1:Unit Testing

4.2.2Test cases for System Testing

System testing is a comprehensive level of software testing wherein the entire software
application, encompassing all its components and subsystems, is examined
collectively. This examination aims to validate that the software conforms to its
specified requirements and functions correctly within its designated operational
environment.

S.N Test Test Expected Actual Pass/

Description input outcome outcome Fail
1 Verify video User preference Display a list of List of pass
recommendation tag: "Java" recommended recommended
based on user videos with tags videos
preferences
2 Verify video User preference Display a message "No videos pass
recommendation tag: "Horror" "No videos found found in the
with no matching in the database." database."
tags
3 Verify video details Click on a Display video title Video title=Java pass
display recommended and description Description=
video link below the player Java
introductiom
Table 4.2.2-2:System Testing
 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Reference
5.1 Conclusion
Hamro School is an online platform that allows students to view and take different
courses. The system is currently being modified to be used by other companies, made
more secure, and improved in user-friendliness by adding features such as an admin
panel, Bootstrap UI, and CSS.
5.2 Lesson learnt/Outcome
The main lesson learnt from this project is that it is important to create a system that is
flexible and scalable so that it can be easily modified to meet the needs of different
users. Additionally, it is important to prioritize security and user-friendliness when
designing any system.
5.3 Future Recommendation
Future recommendations include ongoing refinement of security protocols to protect
user data and content. Furthermore, the development team should continue to explore
opportunities for expanding the course offerings and user base. Regular feedback from
users can inform updates and improvements, ensuring that Hamro School remains a
dynamic and valuable resource for online learning. By staying committed to these
principles and implementing the aforementioned recommendations, Hamro School is
poised for a promising and impactful future in the online education space.

References
[1] A. M. [Link], "Adoption of technology on e leraning effectiveness," Bull.
Electr, vol. 9, pp. 1121-1126, 2020.
[2] E. P. N. C. a. J. L. A. All, "Towards a conceptual framework for assessing
the effectiveness of digital game-based learning," vol. 88, pp. 29-37, 2015.
[3] D. R. S. a. H. H. B. Utomo, "Capturing teaching motivation of teacher in
the," Cakrawala Pendidik, vol. 38, pp. 398-410, 2019.

Appendices
Home Page

Course
 Search

Popup Video
Recommended Videos

Admin page
Video upload

User
Admin login

User login