University of the Cordilleras

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture and Fine Arts

AR135L – BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 01 – BUILDING MATERIALS

PRESENTATION TOPIC:

AS BUILDING MATERIAL

BY: AR. REYBERT MARK B. MONTEMAYOR, UAP, RMP

INSTRUCTOR
What is Masonry?
MASONRY
Masonry consists of building structures from single units that
are laid and bound together with mortar. Brick, stone and
concrete blocks are the most common materials used in
masonry construction.

Masonry is a popular construction technique around the world,

due to its many advantages. However, like with any construction
method, there are also limitations. This article summarizes the
pros and cons of masonry construction.
Types of Masonry
Types of Masonry
Brick Masonry
- the placement of bricks in a
systematic manner using mortar
to bind the bricks together and
create a solid mass that can
withstand a great deal of
pressure.
 Types of Masonry
Brick Masonry
Pros: Cons:
It does not require highly skilled Bricks have a low resistance against
labor, since the shape and size of tension and torsion loads, making
the masonry units is uniform. them more susceptible to seismic
damage.
Bricks are also lightweight (lower
dead loads), easy to handle and Compared with stone and concrete
transport. blocks, bricks are also less strong
and durable, and limited in sizes and
Cheaper that stones and concrete colors.
blocks.
Types of Masonry
Brick Masonry
 Types of Masonry
Stone Masonry
Stone masonry is a type of
building masonry construction
that uses stones and mortar. This
construction technique is used for
building foundations, floors,
retaining walls, arches, walls and
columns.
 Types of Masonry
Stone Masonry
Pros: Cons:
Stone masonry is the most Stone walls are thick and heavy,
durable, strong and weather reducing floor space.
resistant, thanks to the natural
durability of the material. Stone masonry is time-consuming,
It requires skilled workers, since it
Stone is recommended for cannot be altered, repaired or
buildings with high foot traffic, relocate easily. When using stone
since it does not bend or dent. masonry, a careful installation will
make the final structure safer for
It requires little maintenance and occupants.
repairs, thanks to its durability.
Types of Masonry
Stone Masonry
Types of Masonry
Concrete Block Masonry
It is also known as concrete masonry
unit (CMU).

Concrete blocks are manufactured in

required shape and sizes and these
may be solid or hollow blocks.
 Types of Masonry
Concrete Block Masonry
Pros: Cons:
Concrete blocks are resistant Large concrete blocks are heavy and
against weather, pests, mold, and difficult to handle, requiring more
fire. manpower.

Concrete blocks are available in It also increases the amount of steel

many sizes, finishes and colors. required in reinforced cement
concrete structures.
Concrete blocks have good
insulating properties against heat, The price of concrete blocks can vary
sound and moisture. depending on the region, cement
costs and availability.
 Types of Masonry
Concrete Block Masonry

Types of Concrete Block

Masonry
Solid Concrete Blocks
Hollow Concrete Blocks
 Types of Masonry
Concrete Block Masonry
Solid Concrete Blocks
Heavy in weight and manufactured from
dense aggregate. They are very strong
and provides good stability to the
structures. So for large work of masonry
like for load bearing walls these solid
blocks are preferable. They are available
in large sizes compared to bricks. So, it
takes less time to construct concrete
masonry than brick masonry.
 Types of Masonry
Concrete Block Masonry
Hollow Concrete Blocks
Hollow concrete blocks contains void
area greater than 25% of gross area.
Solid area of hollow bricks should be
more than 50%. The hollow part may be
divided into several components based
on our requirement. They are
manufactured from lightweight
aggregates. They are light weight
blocks and easy to install.
In general,
Advantages of Masonry
1. Masonry is non-combustible, so improves fire protection for the building and
its occupants. Fireplaces are commonly made of masonry for the same reason.
2. Masonry offers a high resistance against rotting, pests, weather, and natural
disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes.
3. Masonry structures provide an attractive rustic or elegant look for a home or
building, depending on the material used and the workers’ expertise.
4. Being durable and resistant, Mansory can withstand large amounts of
compressive weight loads.
5. Masonry units increase the thermal mass of a building.
6. Masonry buildings have longer lifespans than any other building type.
7. Using masonry in your construction improves its resale value.
8. Masonry doesn’t rot, and insects such as ants and termites can’t destroy its
structure.
9. Using this method in construction costs less in terms of labor and materials as
compared to using wood.
In general,
Disdvantages of Masonry
1. Masonry construction involves heavy materials such as bricks, stone and
concrete blocks. These cannot be transported in conventional vehicles, and in
some cases, they must be ordered from special catalogs, especially stones.

2. The stability of masonry structures depends completely on their foundation. If

any settling of the foundation occurs, cracks are likely, and they must be
repaired to prevent moisture infiltration and damage.

3. Masonry activities cannot be done during heavy rain or freezing conditions,

since mortar will be severely affected.

4. Masonry construction requires a good amount of time and adequate project

planning. Depending on the type or masonry, specialized manpower may be
necessary
Where does usually
masonry applied?
TYPES OF WALL MASONRY
1. SOLID MASONRY
2. GROUTED MASONRY
3. CAVITY WALL MASONRY
4. COMPOSITE WALL
 TYPES OF WALL MASONRY
SOLID MASONRY
1. Solid masonry walls may be constructed
either solid or hollow masonry units
contiguously with all joints filled with
mortar.

a. Single Wall

b. Double Wythe Wall (two walls)

 TYPES OF WALL MASONRY
GROUTED MASONRY
1. All interior joints filled entirely with grout
as the work progresses.

Reinforced Grouted Masonry

 TYPES OF WALL MASONRY
CAVITY WALL MASONRY
1. Contains a facing and a backing wythe
of either solid or hollow masonry
units, separated by an air space.
 TYPES OF WALL MASONRY
COMPOSITE WALL
1. Having at least one wythe
dissimilar to the other with or
wythes with respect to type or
grade of masonry unit or mortar.
 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY
1. RUBBLE 2. ASHLAR
-Rough fragments of broken stone -A squared building stone finely
or the masonry built of such stone. dressed on all faces adjacent to those
of other stones so as to permit very
thin mortar joints.
a. Random [Link]
b. Coursed [Link]
c. Squared [Link]
d. Cyclopean
 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY
RUBBLE
Random Coursed Squared Cyclopean
A rubble wall having A rubble wall having A rubble wall build of Formed with large,
discontinuous but approximately level squared stones of irregular blocks of
approximately level beds and brought at varying sizes and stones fitted closely
beds or courses. intervals to continuous coursed at every third together without the
level courses of fourth stone. use of mortar.
 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY
RUBBLE
Random Coursed Squared Cyclopean
A rubble wall having A rubble wall having A rubble wall build of Formed with large,
discontinuous but approximately level squared stones of irregular blocks of
approximately level beds and brought at varying sizes and stones fitted closely
beds or courses. intervals to continuous coursed at every third together without the
level courses of fourth stone. use of mortar.
 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY
ASHLAR
Random Coursed Broken Rangework
Built in discontinuous Built of stones having Ashlar Masonry laid in
courses the same height within horizontal courses of varying
each course, but each heights, any one of which
course varying in may be broken at intervals
height. into two or more courses.
 TYPES OF STONE MASONRY
ASHLAR
Random Coursed Broken Rangework
Built in discontinuous Built of stones having Ashlar Masonry laid in
courses the same height within horizontal courses of varying
each course, but each heights, any one of which
course varying in may be broken at intervals
height. into two or more courses.
BRICKWORK
vs

BLOCKWORK
BRICKWORK
The art of bonding bricks effectively

construction with concrete or cement

blocks that are larger than a standard
clay or concrete brick.
BLOCKWORK
What is
BOND?
BOND
A brick bond is a pattern in which bricks are
laid. It applies to both brick walls and brick
paving for patios and paths, as well as to
concrete block and other types of masonry
construction.
Is it right
or NOT?
TYPES OF MASONRY BOND
 TYPES OF MASONRY BOND
RUNNING BOND: Bricks are staggered by 1/2 brick from the course
above and below, in a classic one-over-two pattern. A simple,
structural bond is used for basic wall construction. All bricks are
laid lengthwise, with the long sides, or "stretchers" facing out.

COMMON BOND: A running bond pattern with intermittent courses

of "header bricks" (bricks laid with their ends facing out). This bond
is often used for double-thickness walls, where header bricks are
flush on the ends, and two stretchers are laid side by side.
 TYPES OF MASONRY BOND
ENGLISH BOND: Similar to the common bond, this bond alternates
running bond (with all stretcher bricks) and all header bricks with
each course.

FLEMISH BOND: This is a type of brickwork pattern where stretcher

and header bricks are arranged alternately in each course.

STACK BOND: All stretcher bricks are laid in a grid of identical

courses. Joints are not staggered between courses. This non-
structural bond is used primarily for decorative interior walls.