& BOOK John Taylor - Jeff Zeter Express PublishingChapter 1 - Weaponry Unit 1 ~ Pistol Unit 2 - Rifle Unit 3 - Mortar Unit 4 - Gun Unit 5 - Tank Chapter 2 - The Soldier's Life Unit 6 ~ Radio Basics Unit 7 -On Post Unit 8 - Food Unit 9 - First Aid Unit 10 - Uniforms and Tactical Gear Chapter 3 - Organization Unit 11 - Rank Structure Unit 12 ~ Military Organization Unit 13 - Arms and Services Chapter 4 - Land Navigation Unit 14 Map Reading 1 Unit 15 - Map Reading 2 Appendix Glossary 10 12 13 4 16 18 20 2 24 26 28A pistol is a sidearm. Soldiers can aim and fire it with one hand. Pistols are smaller than other firearms, making them useful in close combat. Modern pistols, such as the Beretta M9, are semi-automatic. This means that they do not need to be charged between rounds. Officers most often carry handguns. In fact, service pistols have great symbolic meaning ‘When a unit is defeated, the commanding officer often gives his sidearm to the enemy ‘commander. This shows that the unit surrenders. Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 What does the passage say about aiming the pistol? A Its size makes it difficult to aim. B Itcan be aimed with one hand. C_ Semi-automatic pistols are easy to aim D It ishard to aim in close combat. 2. What can be inferred about pistols in the past? A They had to be charged between rounds. B They were less accurate than pistols today. They were larger than modern pistols. D They were given to all members of an army. Giving a pistol to an enemy commander symbolizes A the desire to join the enemy. B competition between military units. C the surrender of a unit. D a victory ina battle ero opis! Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct answers. 1. Which phrase describes a style of military fighting? A semi-automatic B_ commanding officer C close combat 2 What must a soldier do to a pistol to allow it to fire rounds? A surrender it B aimit charge it 3 Complete the word that is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1. The soldiers took orders from the person in charge ofa military unit. ° dir 2. Hostlities in a war cease when one side states that ithas lost and will stop combat operation s 4 Scan the passage. Then complete each of the words that means the same as weapon. ‘eee oe 2amedaa 37min 4 stening & Speaking 5 (]Listen to a speaker at a weapon ~ manufacturing facility. Fill in the notes. The M9 Pistol Round capacity: Ideal use: te Weight: Round: 6 (Listen again and check your notes. 7 Say how soldiers use a pistol.The rifle is a common military firearm. Soldiers fire it from the shoulder. It has a built-in sight. The barrel has twisting grooves on the inside, These spin the bullet, improving the weapon's accuracy and range. In fact, this weapon was named after the technique used to make the barrel: “rifling.” ‘At one time, rifles could fire only one round at a time. However, modem semi-automatic assault rifles (also called “assault weapons”) like the M16A2 can fire assingle pull of the trigger. Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. The rifle has a sight that is built in. 2. The rifle is named after the technique used to make the trigger. 3. Spinning the bullet improves the weapon's rate of fire 4 Today, rifles can fire multiple bullets with one trigger pull Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct defi 1 accuracy ‘A the distance a weapon can shoot B a type of firearm C the ability to hit a target D the speed that bullets are fired at n for each word. 4 5 6 firearm —(ifre 2. automatic A able to fire multiple bullets B able to spin bullets able to hit targets at long distances D able to be fired from the shoulder 3. burst A atype of bullet B a device used to aim C arifie that fires many bullets at once Da series of bullets shot with one trigger pul 4 rifling A a firearm with a long barrel B away to make a firearm barrel C the part of a weapon that makes it fire D a bullet that is shot from a rifle Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 rifle A assault weapon range B sight D barrel 2. round A firearm € bullet B burst D accuracy stening & Speaking Listen to a convers ‘Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. (flisten again to the conversation. Then ~ answer the questions. 1. What type of firearm will the soldier use? 2. What does the soldier say is the firearm’s range? 3. What does the sergeant instruct Private Barnes todo? Use these words to talk about rifles. shoulder —_builtsinsight barrel twisting grooves _ spin the bullet single pullof trigger mnultiple-round bursts Weaponry: rine 5The mortar is a free-standing, indirect fire weapon that discharges shells at slow speeds and high arcs for short distances. Operating one is simple: first, set up the mortar, and then drop a shell down the tube. ‘The firing pin detonates the propellant to fire the shell. Soldiers set the tube at a 45-85 degree angle, depending on the desired range. ‘Small mortars are portable and used by infantry units. Heavy mortars can be mounted in or towed behind a vehicle. Comprehen: Read, listen and answer the questions. 11 What type of fire does the mortar provide? 2. What should a soldier do first to operate a mortar? 3 How can soldiers change the range of a mortar? Vocabulary Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. io hoe 1. If soldiers do not aim a weapon directly at a target, they are using 3 Choose the correct definition for each word 1mm mortar 2. Large weapons are often Cn vehicles to provide firepower to mobile units 3. Inmodern weapons, a variety of are used to launch missiles and fire weapons. 4, Though they are heavy, mortars are considered ‘weapons because they can be carried by troops 5. Mortar shells are designed to on contact with a target. or phrase. 1. firing pin ‘A apart that attaches a mortar to a vehicle B. a substance that forces a round out of a barrel C_a weapon used to launch shells the part of a mortar that the round is dropped onto, causing it to fire 2 shell A the distance that a mortar can fire B a type of military unit Ca type of combat in which mortars are used D an artillery round that explodes on contact 3 discharge A toaima mortar B to prepare a weapon to fire C to fire a weapon D to load shell into a mortar Listening & Speaking 4 (A mortar unit has completed a mission. ~ Listen to an officer giving an after-action review. 5 (jListen again and answer the questions. 1 What was the unit ordered to do? 1 of weapon did the unit use? 3 Where was the enemy position? 4. How many times did the unit fre upon the enemy position? 5. Why did the fourth shell fail to fire? 6 Explain how one can operate the mortar.A gun, or cannon, describes a crew-served weapon used in battle. It can cause damage from a distance. Itis a muzzle- or breech-loaded artillery piece, and it shoots projectiles on a nearly flat course. ‘A closed-ended hollow tube acts as a barrel. This, directs the projectile. Howitzers can be used for both direct fire and indirect fire. A cannon can shoot projectiles of 30 mm up to 460 mm or more. 120mm towed gun 2816 "Nook" Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. Guns are used very close to an enemy position. 2. Guns are loaded either from the muzzle or breech. 3. A gun fires projectiles on a nearly flat course. 4 Guns like the howitzer are used only as indirect: fire weapons. Vocabulary Complete the word or phrase that is. in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1. Guns are not fired by just one person. They are weapons requiring more than one person to use. s dw ° 2. Objects that are propelled by force vary in the military from bullets to shells to missiles 3 A weapon capable of firing very large rounds is Used to strike the enemy from a distance. Sse a weapon, a flash of light is often seen from the down-range, open end of the weapon's barrel. roe 3. Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. = 1. Soldiers preparing to enter a must check their weapons and equipment 2 To fire precisely on a target is to use again 3 To load a weapon from (Ou must first open the rear of the weapon 4 The has a relatively short barrel and fires rounds at steep angles. 5 The term can be used to refer 10 a large number of different artillery pieces. istening & Speaking 4 (Listen to a speaker on a tour of a field ~ artillery unit, Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. 5 (]Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What is the name of the weapon discus: the speaker? xd by 2 Where are rounds loaded into the weapon? 3 What is the maximum range of the weapon? 4 What is the weapon's maximum rate of fire? 6 Use the words in bold in the text to explain what a gun is and how it works. Weaponry: Gun 75 Weaponry: Tank Tanks are armored vehicles. Soldiers use them for front-line warfare. Moving on tracks, they cah travel over obstacles or through water. A large-caliber gun in a rotating turret provides the main firepower for a tank. Mounted machine guns provide extra anti-personnel support. Heavy armor Comprehension 1 Read, 1. What does the passage say about tanks? ‘A They use smoothbore machine guns. B_ They use tracks to travel over rough land. C They use three different types of weapons. D They can aim their weapons automatically 2. What is the main use of the mounted machine gun, according to the passage? A to provide indirect fire B to attack other tanks C toattack vehicles with light armor D to fire upon ground troops 3. According to the passage, what is true of the M1 Abrams tank? A Ithas a 120-millimeter cannon B It attacks with chemical weapons. € tis an anti-personnel tank D It does not use a mounted machine gun. ten and choose the correct answers. 2. Read again and answer the questions. 1 What weapon provides the tank's main firepower? 2. What is installed on tanks to give protection from enemy fire? 3 What does the passage say about chemical and biological attacks? (M1 Abrams tank surrounds the hull of the tank. This protects the crew. while it fights in a combat zone. ‘The M1 Abrams is one of the most advanced and deadly, tanks in use today. The M1 has a 120-mm M256 smoothbore cannon. The crew inside the tank can even withstand chemical and biological attacks. Vocabulary 3 Complete the related words in the word webs.4 Match the words/phrases to the blanks. 1. combatzone /front-line warfare ‘A The soldiers prepared for with armored vehicles. B Upon entering the A the unit received heavy fire from the enemy. 2. chemical biological A The enemy began a attack using a deadly virus. B The use of toxins and other substances to attack an enemy is an example of a attack 3 turret/machine gun A The allows a tank operator to aim the cannon in any direction B The soldier aimed the at a building that the enemy had occupied. 5 Choose the correct word or phrase for each given definition. 1. anobject that blocks a unit or vehicle from moving through an area A turret B obstacle —C_track 2. alight weapon that continues to fire as long as the triggeris held A tank —B firepower 3. having a defensive covering that protects a vehicle's interior ‘A armored B smoothbore C anti-personnel machine gun Listening & Speaking 6 (Recruits in an armored unit are being introduced to their equipment. Listen as a sergeant discusses the M1A2 Abrams tank. Label the picture below with the name of each part mentioned by the sergeant. 7 (]Listen again and check your answers. 8 Use the labeled picture and information from the text to explain what a tank is and how it can be used. Weaponry: Tank 96 The Soldier's Life: Radio Basics Radios are vital military tools. They allow soldiers to stay in contact during combat and other operations. Most radios are made to hop frequencies. This prevents the ‘enemy from listening to the full conversation, ‘The SINCGARS (man-pack) and AN/PRC-148 (handheld) are common military radios The man-pack can be worn as a backpack. This portable type of radio handles both voice and data transmissions, The handheld is the most widely Used radio. It permits easy two- way contact. Most modern radios use rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 2 SINCGARS Comprehension 1. Read, listen and fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. 1 Radi s hop frequencies in order to 2. There are two basic types of radios: the and the 3. The SINCGARS radio handle not only but also voice transmissions. 4 The handheld is most useful for 5 Today's portable handheld radios are powered by 2. a) Read again and choose the correct answers. 1. What can be inferred about the SINCGARS radio? A It cannot hop frequencies automatically B. tis mostly used for data transmissions. C thas a better battery than the AN/PRC-148, D Soldiers wear it ike a backpack 10 the Solar’ Life: Radio Basics “radon the eld to the text, what is true of the AN/PRC-148 handheld radio? A Itcan receive but not send data messages B Its too large to fit into a solder’s pocket C It uses a rechargeable battery D thas a longer range than man-pack radios b) In pairs, talk about how many types of radios there are and how they can be used. Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each word. 1 man-pack A a radio worn on the back B_amessage sent through a radio C a type of radio transmission 2 two-way ‘A. moving in two directions B consisting of two parts using voice and data 3 stayin contact A toreplace batteries B to have communication C to turn offa radio4 Study the table below. ‘Afirmative Yes Roger understand / received your transmission. Negative No Wilco | will comply; | will do what you have asked. Standby Wait. Over I'm finished speaking and waiting for a reply. out I'm finished speaking and don’t expect a reply. Please send your next transmission. Say again, Repeat the last You're breaking up cannot hear you / your voice. Go ahead Insmission. 5 Complete the conversat th appropr words or phrases from the word bank. (megative _—_mwico io 077: Echo one-three, | didn’t hear your last transmission. Please (1) E13: | repeat, please advise. Is air reconnaissance available for this area? (2) 07; (3) We do not have air recon at this time. Please wait for further instructions E13: (4) | will await your next transmission. (5) 6 Complete the word or short phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 Lunderstood your last transmission. | am moving toward the objective now. Tope BO 2. Yes. All units have reported back to base f 3 You'te going to have to repeat the last transmission, soldier. couldn't understand you oo Gore 2 -P wf ~ soldier in the fi 4 This is Delta Actual. Please proceed with your transmission oa I'm verifying that information for you now. Please wait until my next transmission Sh tai Sa Ny Listening Listen to a radio conversation between a Id and his commander. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. 8 (Listen again to the conversation. Then ~ answer the questions. Why does the man contact the woman on the radio? 2. What does the woman order the unit to do? 3. Why does the man ask the woman to "say again?” Speaking 9 In pairs, act out short radio exchanges using the procedure words in Ex. 4. The Soldiers Life: Radio Basics 117 The Soldier's Life: On Post A post is a site owned and run by the military. There are many names for a post, such as a fort or garrison. Posts house equipment and provide shelter for personnel. They can also be used for training and ‘operations needs. Some posts act as command centers. Most posts offer housing (called "barracks’, “billets” or “quarters”) for the one or more units stationed there. There are generally post offices and dining facilities (DFACs) available. ‘There may also be a post exchange (PX). Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1 The words “fort” and “shelter” both refer toa military post 2. Posts are used for both housing and training ‘troops, and they can also be command centers 3. Most posts offer housing for only one unit stationed there. 4. There is always a post exchange on a military post Vocabulary 2 Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. DFAC bbarracks command center shelter postexchange operations Gueeeees fees 3 Choose the correct definition for each word. 1. What is the best use of a billet? A to provide meals to soldiers B. to allow soldiers to purchase equipment C to train soldiers D to provide housing to soldiers 12 the otters ue: on Post 2. Ifa soldier is stationed at a post, then he or she is A training to become an officer. B assigned to live there. C participating in a training exercise D_ defending the post from attack 3. Ona military post, personnel refers to A all soldiers that are away from the base. B all staff members not trained for combat. C all of the people assigned to that post D any non-enlisted visitor to the base Listening 4 (Listen to a sergeant giving a post tour to ~ some civilians. The speaker describes two different parts of the base, but does not mention them by name. Put a check (V) by each place the speaker describes. Q barracks O DFAC Q fitness cente O post office 2 post exchange Q_ command center 5 (]Listen again to the sergeant's tour. Then, ~ write a description of a military barracks as if you are a sergeant giving a post tour.Different kinds of meals are provided for soldiers in the field. A-Rations, or garrison rations, are given if a dining hall (also called a “chow hall’) or field kitchen is available. They consist of fresh or frozen foods that must be cooked to be prepared. ‘The standard type of field ration for the individual is called the MRE ("Meal, Ready to Eat”). ‘There are also First Strike Rations. They have ‘over twice the calories of an MRE. Soldiers use these when they are on the move. Soldiers camry siverware and cookware with them in mess kits. US Ay Fst ‘sinke Raion Comprehension 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1. Where are A-Rations typically prepared? 2. How many people does one MRE feed? 3 When do soldiers use First Strike Rations? 4, What does a soldier carry in a mess kit? Vocabulary 2 Mark ¥ if the word/phrase in bold is used correctly. Mark X if it is used incorrectly. 1 Soldiers can prepare garrison rations without cooking them. 2. A field kitchen allows units to prepare hot meals for soldiers in the field, away from a dining facility 3. MRES are small chocolate bars intended to give an energy boost 4. Ifa soldier needs to cook food in the field, he or she can use a mess kit 5. The solders were on the move to a new position when they encountered enemy resistance. 3 Write the type of ration described in each definition. 1. a small ration that is eaten during periods of high activity or heavy fighting 2 ameal that must be prepared in a dining hall or field kitchen 3 ameal eaten by soldiers that does not require any preparation istening 4 F]Listen to the conversation between two ~ soldiers. Then answer the questions. 11 What did the man’s commander say about A- rations? 2. What type of ration are the soldiers running out of? 3. What type of ration does the man say that the soldiers will have to rely on? 5 (]Listen again and check your answers. Speaking 6 In pairs or small groups, discuss the different the field. ‘The Soldier's Life: Food 13Q The Soldier's Life: First-Aid Medics give first aid to casualties until further medical help is available. Battlefield medicine, or field surgery, gives trauma care to soldiers on the front lines, The goals are to preserve life, to prevent more harm, and to promote recovery. Medics carry mobile medical kits to aid them with treatment. In addition, each soldier has a field dressing that can be applied to wounds immediately, ‘The “ABCs” are first aid basics. They stand for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Medics first make sure that the airway is clear. They then ensure that the patient is breathing, and that there is a heartbeat. If not, medics must provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Medics ge frst ad to bated casuals Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a purpose of first aid and field surgery? A to develop new life-saving techniques B_tohelp soldiers recover from wounds C to keep soldiers alive in the field D to prevent further injury to casualties 2. Ifa soldier receives a bleeding wound in battle, a medic should immediately A take the soldier to a field hospital B. ive the soldier a mobile medical kit apply afield dressing to the wound. D use cardiopulmonary resuscitation 3 Which of the following is NOT an important step in the ABCs of first aid? ‘A. dlearing the casualty’s airway B_ keeping the casualty’s heart beating C cleaning the casualty’s wounds D_ making sure that the casualty is breathing 14 Tre solr’ te: rst Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1 casualty A apiece of a medical kit B a soldier who is wounded in battle C a type of medical care 2 field dressing A the first step of first aid B a type of battle injury Ca bandage carried by soldiers 3. circulation A. the movement of blood B_ proper breathing C the use of CPR 4 trauma A asoldier trained in medicine B a device used to treat wounds C_aserious bodily injuryThe Soldier's Life: First Aid 9 3 Study the labelled 4 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from talk about what a medical kit contains. the word bank. tourniquet ‘nasopharyngeal airway Medical kit ‘gauze field dressing 1. The patient has a large puncture wound on the inside of his left thigh. We should cover it with a 2. The soldier isn’t breathin We need to use a to get the patient breathing again. 3 It doesn’t look like the wound is serious, but we need to cover it to prevent infection. Let’s use some to protect the wound 4, The bleeding won't stop! | think an artery has been cut. We have to apply a but | have a pulse immediately Listening & Speaking 5 (Two soldiers have encountered a ~ wounded soldier in battle. Listen to their conversation. 6 (Listen again to the conversation. Using ~ the words in the word bank, write down how the soldiers treat the patient. Then tell the class. field dressing ‘airway ‘breathing circulation 7 Imagine you are a medic. Explain what your Raa job involves. Nasopharyngeal airway Examination gloves Field dressing Gauze package Gauze Tourniquet ‘Surgical tape Bandage Adhesive tape Chest pad Lip balm eet ey10 The Soldiers Life: Uniforms & Tactical Geai Today's military uniforms are lightweight and comfortable. Most countries’ field uniforms are ‘camouflaged. This makes the soldiers blend into the scenery. Trousers, a T-shirt, boots and headgear make up the basic field uniform. For colder weather, soldiers wear a field jacket. A soldier carries what he needs into battle in load-bearing equipment, including a rucksack and webbing. The webbing may contain a bayonet, two or more ammo | pouches, a first aid kt, canteen holders for water canteens and even a pistol holster. The | soldier typically wears a Kevlar helmet into battle. Two US Amy camouflage potters usedin Aghaniston 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 2. Look at the illustration on the right. Label the 's uniform. numbered parts of the soldi | Comprehension Vocabulary | 1. Tohelp them... , soldiers wear uniforms that are camouflaged. 1 A carry heavy equipment 5 B. hide in their surroundings stay warm in cold weather 3 D carry additional equipment ia 2. Which is NOT normally a part of the webbing? if A a first aid kit B trousers S © abayonet 7 8 D_an ammo pouch 16 the Soldiers Lite: Uniforms & Tactical Geariving an interview to the ~ press. Listen as he discusses his uniform. ’s interview. Put of equipment 4 (Listen again to the sol ~ acheck (/) by each pi that he mentions. O Keviar helmet O canteen Q bayonet Oi rucksack nro pcudh O flashlight Q webbing O holster O first aid kit O field jacket Speaking 5 Use the photographs and the illustration to talk about @)- a soldier's uniform and tactical gear. ‘The Soldier's Life: Uniforms & Tactical Gear 1711 Organization The use of ranks in armies is nothing new. In fact, some modern ranks existed in the Middle Ages, such as the rank of captain. Today, there are two main groups: enlisted soldiers and officers. Enlisted soldiers have no command. authority. They rank below all commissioned officers. Enlisted soldiers begin with the rank of private. 18 organization: Rank Structure general eho CTL aide trent ic) There are two types of officers. A non- commissioned officer (NCO) like a sergeant is given some authority. However, NCOs are not full officers. A warrant officer is a type of NCO. They are| often technicians and specialists. Commissioned officers begin with the rank of lieutenant. They must undergo special training to receive their “commission. Commissioned officers such as generals command armies or major parts of armies. Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. The ranks used by armies today were created by armies in the Middle Ages. 2. Enlisted soldiers only have command authority over non-commissioned officers. 3. The rank of private is the lowest rank that a commissioned officer holds. 4 Warrant officers are considered non-commissioned officers 5 The lowest commissioned rank is the rank of lieutenant. Choose the correct answer for each question. 1. Which of the following is a non-commissioned officer? A aprivate B assergeant ageneral Which job mi A infantryman B field medic C artillery targeting technician it a warrant officer have? Vocabulary Study the illustration on the next page. Choose the rank in each pal in authority. 1 sergeant major / sergeant private / corporal colonel / general lieutenant / command sergeant major captain / lieutenant colonel 19 that is higher 2 3 4 5ENLISTED RANK INSIGNIA A 6&6 A&A @% A Private Private First Class Corporal Specialist Sergeant Staff Sergeant (Pu) (Prec) (Cpl) (Spe) (Sat) (SSa) Sergeant Master Sergeant First Sergeant ‘Sergeant Major ‘Command ‘Sergeant Major First Class (Msg) (189) (SoM) ‘Sergeant Major of the Army (Sto) (csm) (sma) OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA 1 t # & Second Lieutenant First Lieutenant Captain Major Lieutenant Colonel (ay (iu) (Cpt) (Maj) (ue) * * * x * Se * x x x Colonel Brigadier General Major General Lieutenant General General (Col (@s) (wc) (us) (Gen) 5 Write the name of the rank for each of the Listening insignia below. 6 (Listen to a conversation between two ~ retired soldiers at a reunion. Then answer the questions. e2 “w! 1. What rank does Mr. Tippins hold? 2 What was Mr. Golenic’s rank when he retired? 3. What branch of the army did the men serve in? @®re > 4 What was Mr. Golenic’s job when he retired? 7 (}Listen again and check your answers. Organization: Rank Structure 19)12 Organization: Military Organization “platoon commande with men fom ane of is fetes ‘The organization of an army greatly increases its effectiveness. The smallest unit in a modern army is the fireteam. This is made up of four to five soldiers. Two or more fireteams together make up a squad. Similarly, two or more squads form a platoon (25-60 people). Above the platoon is the company (2-8 platoons, with 70-250 soldiers). A battalion can include up to 1,500 troops. Two or more battalions make up a regiment and two to four regiments create a division consisting of 10,000-20,000 soldiers. An army is commanded by a general and can have more than 100,000 troops. Comprehension 5 What is the largest unit mentioned in the text? 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1 According to the passage, what is the purpose of 2. Match the unit name (1-7) with its size (A-G) military organization? by drawing a line between the two items. | | ee soldiers 2. What is the most basic unit in a modern army? 2, one B 45 soldiers 3. battalion € 100,000 soldiers 3. What army unit is most likely to be commanded 2 Maen 4 division D 1500 soldi 5 amy E 25 soldiers 4 How many battalions are required to make a 6 squad F 10soldiers pial 7 platoon G 250 soldiers 20 croarton: tary orpariztonVocabulary 3 Study the table below. ‘Approx. Size Symiol nie — PONS Commander Army 100,000 general a, Corps 30,000-80,000 general Division 10,000 - 20,000 general Fi Brigade 2,000 5,000 colonel / general Regiment 2,000 - 3,000 colonel [5] Battalion 300-1,500 It colonel [5X] company 70-250 captain major Platoon 25-60 lieutenant Section 8-12 corporal / sergeant ‘Squad 8-16 corporal sergeant ° Fireteam, 4-5 corporal 4 Mark each sentence as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. An infantry battalion and an infantry company are both led by a lieutenant colonel 2. Corporals have the abilty to lead fireteams, sections, and squads. 3 Abrigade and a regiment may have approximately the same number of troops. 4 Anarmy can contain up to 100,000 troops. 5 Abrigade can be led either by a general or a colonel. 5 (listen to a mission ove 6 Listening & Speaking w by an army ‘commander in a situation room. Write the name of the unit that each soldier commands. Captain Garcia a) Lieutenant Smith Sergeant Martin 4)... Corporal Roberts Listen again to the mission overview. ~ Then answer the questions. 1. According to the commander, what is the. objective of this mission? 2. What is the objective of Sergeant Martin’s squad? 3. Which unit will be held in reserve? 7 Use the table in Ex. 3 to explain how an army is organized. Organization: Miltary Organization 24Each branch (also called an arm or service) within an army has a specific purpose. Combat arms units fight the enemy directly, The infantry (or foot soldiers) is the oldest of these. Infantry soldiers engage the enemy face-to-face, often with small arms. Field artillery units control large- caliber guns. The artillery provides fire from long distances. Armored ns employ tanks for front-line combat. There are also combat support arms such as the Corps of Engineers and Military Police. These units do not typically fight the enemy directly. Instead, they offer support to units that do,Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. According to the passage, what is the role of field artillery units? ‘A to support foot soldiers from long distances B to provide the infantry with weapons € to perform maintenance and construction D to engage the enemy in face-to-face combat 2 Field artillery units use .. as their primary weapons. A rifles B large-caliber guns armored vehicles D tanks 3. What can be inferred about the Corps of Engineers? A They are the oldest branch of the military. B They accompany armor into battle. € They aren't primarily trained for direct fighting, D They face the enemy frequently Vocabulary Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 branch A infantry B combat arms © service 2 infantry A combat support arms B foot soldiers armored units Match 1-6 with A-F to complete the military terms. 1 foot A. the enemy 2 field B artillery 3 engage of Engineers 4 armored D_ support arms 5 combat E soldiers 6 Corps F division 4 Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. istening 5 (JAsoldier is at a recruiting office to discuss ~ careers in the army. Listen to the recruiting officer advising him, and complete the notes about the two careers she discusses. Use only one or two words in each gap. Get @) training Fight on the @) Get fantastic (2) training Special Forces: ” sotdiers Carry out (5) missions eo aissions) 6 (plisten again and check your answers. Speaking 7 Use the notes in Ex. 5 to talk about the advantages of each career. Organization: Arms & Services 2324 ana Nevinton: Map Rendog 1 14 Land Navigation: Map Reading 1 Desert, mountain, jungle, arctic, and urban are the five main terrain features on a map. Key topographical features (see Map Reading 2) of an area are also on a map. Maps are split into 1,000-meter by 1,000- meter grids. Using the grid coordinates of a military map, soldiers can determine the locations of topographic features as well as units, roads and so on. Soldiers can determine distances, find the best routes and even locate the best areas for cover and concealment. Maps are drawn in scales. A scale of 1:50,000 (say “one to fifty thousand”) shows terrain features in detail. Such large-scale maps are popular for land navigation. On the other hand, small scale maps (1:1,000,000) are used for strategic planning Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 How many main types of terrain are mentioned in the passage? A three C five B four D six 2. What can be inferred about a small-scale map? A It's commonly used in the field for land navigation. B It shows features in less detail than a large scale one. It uses different colors than large-scale maps D It’s the most common map a squad leader will use. Vocabulary 2. Write the terrain type described by each definition. 1. terrain marked by a large number of man-made structures such as buildings, roads, and bridges 2. areas of high vegetation, humidity and rainfall that contain large numbers of wildlife ‘amop-eading exercise 3. an extremely dry, sandy area with very little vegetation 4 an area that frequently experienc: cold temperatures and ice or snow extremely 5. alarge area of terrain that is significantly elevated and marked by rising and falling elevation Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1. gridcoordinates A the land features shown on a map B_ the numbers representing map positions C_a method of drawing maps 2 concealment A. akind of land navigation B a type of terrain the act of hiding 3. topographical feature ‘A the numbers on a map B the relative size of a map aland formation on a mapen additional number to each coordinate to refer to positions within a grid square. For instance, grid 104605 could be sed to refer to the leftmost peak itself. To do this, divide the grid 1060 into tenths (100-meter units). Then estimate grid coordinates: The location of anything on a map can be described using grid coordinates. When saying the coordinates, begin with the horizontal grid number, and then say the vertical grid number. For instance, grid 1060 refers to the square that contains the leftmost peak (Hill 236) on the map above. For more accurate position descriptions, add an the distance from the left vertical gridline to the hilltop (approximately 4). Add that to the horizontal grid number: 104. Now do the same thing with the vertical gridline. The six-digit grid location of Hill 236 is 104605. 4 Look at the map above. Then read the short Listening passage which follows it. 5 Answer the questions about the map. 1. What is the highest elevation on the map? 7 a Listen to a unit commander giving ~ instructions for a reconnaissance mission. Note down the coordinates, and then draw the route described by the commander on the map above. 2. What is the lowest elevation marked on the map? 8 (Listen again and check your answers. 6 Place the correct mark on the map at the Speaking following grid coordinates. 1 B 3 4 5 Grid 105615 (mark Grid 139589 (mark Grid 165621 (mark Grid 183598 (mark Grid 111606 (mark ‘al b’ c J e 9 What does a military map show? How can a soldier determine the locations shown on it? Tell the class. Land Navigation: Map Reading 1 25Topographical maps depict different types of terrain. Maps use contour lines to show terrain features, their elevation, and their form. Major features include hills, saddles, valleys, ridges, and depressions. Hills are illustrated with concentric circles. Saddles are vertical dips between two hills. These are denoted with hourglass-shaped contour lines. Valleys are HILL SADDLE RIDGE DRAW Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 What is the main purpose of contour lines on a topographic map? A to show elevation of terrain features B to explain the location of true north C towarn soldiers of danger wing is NOT a man-made 2 Which of the follc feature? A depression fill Cc cut 26 Land navn: ap Reacing 2 ‘grooves in the land formed by rivers or streams. A ridge is a long, narrow hilltop or a line of two or more hills next to each other. A depression is a low point or sinkhole in the ground. Draws, spurs, and cliffs are minor terrain features. Maps may also contain mat made features like cuts or fils. VALLEY DEPRESSION it Be CUR at Vocabulary 2 Write the topographical feature described by each definition. 19, narrow line of hi hat is higher than the surrounding terrain 3 an area of land that has sunk below the surrounding land4. along, low area of land often found between mountains 5 allow point between two hills Look at the numbered features on the map above. Label the features words from ‘the box. Se Listening 4 (Listen to a commander making a radio ~ transmission to one of his fireteams. Draw the route described by the commander on the map above, and then note down the approximate coordinates. 5 (Listen again and check your answers. ~ Then answer the following questions. 1. Where do you guess that the enemy Position is located? Give approximate grid coordinates. 2. What will the fireteam do once it reaches the top of the hill? Land Navigation: Map Reading 227] assay ‘ABCs [N-C-U9}: an acronym used to refer to the steps of giving frst aid accuracy [N-UNC-U2] the ability to hit the target without making mistakes affirmative [PROCEDURE WORD- U6}: a term that means “yes” aim [V-V-U1]: to point a weapon at something or somebody. airway [N-C-US]: the passage that Carries air from the mouth to the lungs. ammo pouch [N-C-U10]: a cloth pocket that holds bullets. AN/PRC-148 [N-C-U6I: a radio that is held in one hand. It is used by militaries around the world. anti-personnel [ADJ-US]: (a weapon) designed to harm people in particular. ‘Acration [N-C-U8]: a meal for soldiers that is cooked in a dining facility or a field kitchen. arctic [ADJ-U14]: (a place) with very cold weather most of the time. arm [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. armored [ADJ-US]: (a vehicle) covered with a strong material that protects it. armored divisions [N-C-U13]: a part of the army that use armored vehicles, such as tanks, artillery piece [N-C-U4]: a large weapon that is usually moved on wheels. assault rifle [N-C-U2]: an automatic or semi-automatic rifle used in military operations, 28 ciossary assault weapon [N-C-U2]: a gun that is ysed in military operations. ‘automatic [ADJ-U2]: (a weapon) able to fire multiple bullets with one trigger press. backpack [N-C-U6]: a sack worn on the back and used to carry things. barracks [N-C-U71: buildings where soldiers sleep and live. barrel [N-C-U2]: a tube-like part of a gun through which the bullet travels when the firearm is shot. battle [N-C-U4}: a fight between ‘two armies. battlefield medicine [N-UNC-U9} the treatment of wounded soldiers ‘on or close to the battlefield bayonet [N-C-U10}: a knife attached to the end of a rifle billet [N-C-U7]: a building where soldiers sleep and live. biological attack [ADJ-US]: using germs or disease-causing material to hurt people. blend into [PHRASAL V-U10]: to look the same as the surrounding area or people. branch [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. breech [N-C-U4]: the rear part of a barrel bullet [N-C-U2]: a metal object that is fired from a gun. burst [N-C-U2]: multiple bullets fired with one trigger pull ‘calorie [N-C-U8]: a unit of measuring the amount of energy that food provides. ‘camouflaged [ADJ-U10]: colored in such a way that itis difficult for enemies to see it. cannon [N-C-U4]: a large weapon that fires large projectiles over long distances. canteen [N-C-U10]: a container that holds liquids cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [N-UNC-US}: a medical technique used when the heart has stopped, ‘casualty [N-C-U9]: somebody who has been injured or killed charge [V-I-U1]): place bullets inside the chamber of a gun. chemical attack (ADJ-U5]: using toxic substances to injure people Circulation [N-UNC-U9}: the movernent of blood through the body. cliff [N-C-U15}: a vertical wall of rock close combat [N-UNC-U1]: a type of fighting that involves fighting ‘over a short distance, without ‘weapons in some cases. combat arms [N-UNC-U13]: parts of the army that fight. combat support arms [N-UNC- U13]: parts of the military that don't fight, but help the combat divisions by doing construction or maintenance work ‘combat zone [N-C-US]: the area where fighting between armies takes place ‘command authority [N-UNC-U1 1 the official privilege to give orders.command center [N-C-U7]: a place where official orders are given. ‘commander [N-C-U1]: a person who is officially in control of miltary unit. commanding officer [N-C-U1]: the official leader of a military unit. commissioned officer [N-C-U11]: a person in the military who is in charge of performing specific tasks. ‘concealment [N-UNC-U14]: when something is hidden. concentric circles [N-C-U15]: a saries of circles of different sizes that have the same center, contour line [N-C-U15]: line on a map that connects points on places that are the same height. cookware [N-UNC-U8]: items used toprepare food, such as pots and pans Corps of Engineers [N-C-U13]: a group of engineers that design and construct military buildings cover [N-UNC-U14]: a place that provides protection, crewserved (ADJ-Ud]: (a weapon) operated by a group of people depression [N-C-U15]: a low point in the ground, desert [N-C/UNC-U14]: an area that receives little rain. detonate [V-/T-U3]: to ‘eplode/make something explode. fining facility (OFAC) [N-C-U7]: 2 jlace to get food and eat. {ining hall [N-C-U8I: a place where ‘ood is prepared and eaten, tirec fire [N-UNC-U4]: aiming a aun directly at a target. discharge [V-T-U3}: to shoot a weapon. draw [N-C-U15]: a small valley. elevation [N-UNC-U15]: the height above sea level enlisted [ADJ-U11|: (a person) with the lowest rank in the military. examination glove [N-C-US]: a rubber or latex glove used to prevent the spread of infection. field [N-C-U8]: any area outside of the military-run post. field artillery [N-UNC-U13]: the part of the military that use large weapons, field dressing [N-C-U9]: a bandage that soldiers carry that is used to cover injuries. field jacket [N-C-U10}: a garment that protects the top part of the body from cola. field kitchen [N-C-U8}: a place to prepare food in a place outside of the post. field surgery [N-UNC-U9]: the treatment of wounded soldiers on or close to the battlefield fire [V-VT-U2]; to shoot a weapon, firearm [N-C-U2]: a weapon that uses bullets. firepower [N-UNC-U5]: the amount cof weaponry that is available to a military group firing pin [N-C-U3]: a device located at the base of a mortar which causes the weapon to fire. first aid [N-UNC-U9]: medical treatment given to an injured person before regular medical aid arrives Glossary First Strike Ration (FSR) [N-C-U8} a meal that is designed to be easy to carry and provide soldiers with no access to a field kitchen with a energizing meal. foot soldier [N-C-U13}: a person in the army that fights on foot and uses small arms fort [N-C-U7]: a site owned and run by the military; another word for “post”. front line [N-C-U9]: the most advanced part of the battlefield, where much of the fighting takes place. front-line warfare [N-UNC-US} advanced military tactics used at the front of battlefield garrison [N-C-U7}:a site owned and run by the military; another word for “post”. garrison rations [N-C-U8}: another word for an A-ration. gauze [N-UNC-US]: a thin fabric Used to cover cuts Go ahead [PROCEDURE WORD- U6: a term that means “send your next transmission” grid coordinates [N-UNC-U14}: a pair of numbers that show the exact position of a place on a map. gun [N-C-U4]: a modern term for cannon. handgun [N-C-U1]; a firearm that can be held and fired with one hand. handheld (ADJ-U6): designed to be carried and used with one hand. headgear [N-UNC-U10]: something worn on the head to protect it, such as a helmet. Gossay 29ka heavy armor [N-UNC-US]: a strong ‘material that provides protection. hill [N-C-U15}: an area of raised land that is not as high as a mountain holster [N-C-U10]: a leather or canvas case designed to hold a firearm. It is often worn at the hip. hop frequencies [PHRASAL V-U6]. to change from one frequency to another in order to prevent others from listening to a radio communication. house [V-T-U7]: to store something, Howitzer [N-C-U4}: a large gun. that fires shells into the ait hull [N-C-US}: the main body of a tank indirect fire [N-UNC-U3]: when a weapon is aimed and fired without a specific target in a direct line of sight. infantry [N-UNC-U13]: a part of the army that fights on foot and uses small arms. jungle [N-C-U14]: an area with a lot of trees that receives a lot of rain. Kevlar [N-UNC-U10}: a material through which bullets cannot pass. land navigation [N-UNC-U14]. finding a way to travel from one place to another over land. lithium-ion battery [N-C-U6I: a type of power-storing device that can be recharged many times. load-bearing equipment [N-UNC- Ut0}: objects that are designed to carry items, 30 Glossary machine gun [N-C-U]: an automatic weapon that can fire many bullets with each trigger pull. man-made features [N-C-U15]: parts of the land that were made by people, such as dams. ‘man-pack (ADJ-U6]: designed to be carried by one person. ‘medic [N-C-U9}: a person who provides emergency medical services to soldiers. mess kit [N-C-U8]: a collection of items that is used to prepare food by soldiers in the field. ary Police [N-UNC-U13} people in the military that act as guards and police. mobile medical kit [N-C-U9]: a collection of medical instruments that can be carried easily to different places. mortar [N-C-U3]: a weapon that fires a round at low speed and over a short distance. mount [V-T-U3]: to attach an object to something mountain [N-C-U14}: a raised part of the Earth's surface. MRE ("Meal, Ready to Eat”) [N-C- Us}: a meal for one person that can be prepared without access to a dining hall or kitchen muzzle [N-C-U4]: the part of a weapon from which the round is shot. nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) [N- C-US}: a tube that is inserted through the nose to allow a patient to breathe. Negative [PROCEDURE WORD-U9}: a term that means “no* non-commissioned officer (NCO) [N-C-U11]: an enlisted person in the military who holds a higher rank and takes orders from commissioned officers. ‘obstacle [N-C-US]: something that keeps something from moving forward, con the move [PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE-U8]: going quickly without stopping, ‘operations [N-UNC-U7}: work or actions completed by the military. ‘Out [PROCEDURE WORD-UGI: 2 term that means “finished speaking and don’t expect reply” Over [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “finished speaking and waiting for reply” personnel (N-C-U7]: people that ‘work in the military. pistol [N-C-U1 a type of handheld gun portable [ADI-U5]: able to be moved to different places easily. post exchange (PX) [N-C-U7]: a store where soldiers can shop. post [N-C-U7}: a site owned and run by the military. projectile [N-C-U4}: an object that is fired from a large weapon. propellant (N-C/UNC-U3]: a substance that explodes and causes objects to move forward. radio [N-C-U6]: a device that sends and receives audio signals overlong) distances.range [N-UNC-U2]: the distance that something can travel rechargeable (ADI-U6]: (a device/battery) able to store power and to be reused. fidge N-C-U15}: a long, narrow hiltop or ine of hls fife [N-C-U2}: a firearm designed tobe hot from the shoulder, which «an shoot over long distances fifing [N-UNC-U2]: the process of «reating spiraling grooves on the inside of a gun barrel Roger [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “I received your transmission and understand.” round [N-C-U2]: a single piece of ‘ammunition, such as a bullet rucksack [N-C-U10}: a cloth bag with straps that allow users to carry iton their backs. saddle (N-C-U15]: a vertical dip between two higher points. Say again [PROCEDURE WORD- Us}: term that means “repeat the last transmission” scissors IN-UNC-USI: a tool used forcutting materials. semi-automatic [ADJ-U1]: (2 firearm) which automatically prepares the next bullet and shoots. only one bullet per trigger press. service [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. service pistol [N-C-U1]: a handheld un used by military personnel or law enforcement officers. shell (N-C-U3]: a large object with pointed end that is filed with explosives and shot from large weapons, such as mortars. shelter [N-C-U7]: a place that. protects from bad weather and attacks, sidearm [N-C-U1]: a weapon that is worn at the side of the body. sight [N-C-U2]: a part of the gun which the shooter looks through in order to aim, ‘SINCGARS [N-C-U6I Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System. Iti a radio used by the United States military. small arms (N-C-U13]: smaller weapons that are typically handheld and mobil smoothbore [ADJ-USI: (barrel of a weapon) which is not rifled on the inside, allowing a longer range and better armor piercing ability specialist [N-C-U11]: a person who has advanced knowledge in a specific field. spur [N-C-U15]: a ridge that extends away from the main part of a mountain ‘Standby [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “wait” stationed [V-T-U7]: (past participle) assigned to go to a specific place. stay in contact [V PHRASE-U6]: to continue communicating with someone. surgical tape [N-UNC-U9]: a strip of fabric that has a sticky substance (on one side. tis used to hold gauze in place. surrender [V-V7-U1]: stop fighting and admit that the enemy has won. technician [N-C-U11]: a person with practical and theoretical knowledge of a specific field Glossary terrain [N-UNC-U14]: the natural features of an area of land. terrain features [N-C-U15]: a natural landform or type of land such as desert. topographical features [N-C-U14} qualities of an area of land, such as ‘oceans or hil. tourniquet [N-C-U9}: a piece of cloth that is tied around a bleeding area (such as an arm or leg) to stop bleeding. tracks [N-C-US]: long belts made of separate pieces that replace wheels on tanks. training [N-UNC-U7]: the process of learning new skills. transmission [N-C-U6]: the sending and receiving of information, trauma [N-UNC-U9J: a serious injury. trigger [N-C-U2]: a part of the gun that, when pressed, causes a bullet to fire tube [N-C-U3]: a part of a mortar that is shaped like a pipe and through which the shell travels. when the weapon is fired turret [N-C-US]: a part of a tank that contains guns and which can be rotated in many directions. ‘two-way [ADI-U6]: (communication) where each person can send and receive messages. uniform [N-C-U10]: a set of clothes that is worn by members of a group. urban [ADJ-U14]: (a place) which is adi valley [N-C-U15}: a groove in the land made by moving water. Gossary 31Glossary vertical [ADI-U15|: which points straight up. ‘warrant officer [N-C-U11]: a leader of specific activities in the military, ‘who generally has a ot of military experience. weapon (N-C-U4): an object used for fighting, 32 ciossary WW webbing [N-C:U10]: strong fabric You're breaking up [PROCEDURE used to make belts and straps that. WORD-U6I; a term that means “I hold different items. cannot hear you". Wilco [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “will comply” wound [N-C-U9}: a part of the body that is hurt.