ZERAKI ACHIEVERS 12.
0
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312/2
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
MARCH/APRIL, 2024
Time 2 hours 45 min.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
This paper has two sections A and B
Write all the personal details in the spaces provided
Answer ALL the questions in section A. In section B answer questions 6 and any other
TWO questions.
Answer the Questions in English.
For examiners use only.
Expected score Students score
Section A 25
Number 6 25
25
25
100
1
Section A: Answer All Questions in This Section
1.(a) What is Human Environment? (2Marks)
(b) Identify areas of study under the Human Environment. (3 Marks)
2(a) Give two reasons why pastoralists keep large herds of animals. (2 Marks)
b) Give three ways in which the government of Kenya assist nomadic pastoralists (3 Marks)
3(a) What is a polder? (2 Marks)
(b) State three ways of land reclamation. (3 Marks)
4(a) State three problems facing crop farming in Kenya. (3 Marks)
(b) Outline two problems facing coffee farming in Kenya (2 Marks
5. (a) A photograph is divided into three main parts. Name them. (3 Marks)
(b) State two limitations of using photographs. (2 Marks)
SECTION B: Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section
6. The table below shows the prices of sugar in Kenya shillings per ton in some countries in
Africa. Use it to answer questions
YEAR KENYA UGANDA TANZANIA ZAMBIA
2014 93,400 61,923 67,102 84,556
2015 109,224 67,624 65,785 93,768
2016 110,897 65,170 90,647 86,236
a) (i) Draw a divided rectangle 16cm long to represent the prices of sugar in the year 2016
(8Marks)
(ii) State two advantages of using divide rectangle to present statistical data (2Marks)
(b) Give three physical factors that influence the growing of sugar cane in Kenya (3 Marks)
(c). Describe the stages involved in processing of sugarcane at the factory (7Marks)
d). State five challenges facing sugar farming in Kenya (5 Marks)
7(a) (i) Distinguish between a forest and forestry. (2Marks)
(ii) Name two indigenous softwood trees species found in Kenya (2Marks)
(b)(i) Mention 3 characteristics of planted forests. (3Marks)
(ii) Name two forest reserves in West of the Rift valley of Kenya (2 Marks)
2
b) (i) State four characteristics of temperate hardwood forests. (4Marks)
(ii) Explain any three problems which have limited exploitation of tropical hardwood forests in
Africa (6Marks)
c) Give the difference between exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the
following headings:
i) Trees species (2Marks)
(ii) Mode of exploitation (2Marks)
(iii) Marketing of products (2Marks)
8.a) Define the term mineral (2Marks)
b) i) Name two areas in South Africa where diamond is mined (2Marks)
ii) Give four ways in which minerals occur (4Marks)
c) i) Explain Three negative effects of mining on the environment (6Marks)
ii) Identify any two main methods of mining (2Marks)
iii) Name a port through which minerals in East Africa are exported (I Mark)
d) Explain four ways in which soda ash contributes to the economy of Kenya) (8Marks)
9. (a) i) Name three exotic breeds of beef cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya.
(3Marks)
(ii). Explain three problems facing commercial beef farming in Kenya. (6 Marks)
(b). State four physical factors that favour dairy farming in the Kenya highlands (4Marks)
(c) i) Apart from fresh milk name four other dairy products (4 Marks)
(ii) Explain four ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy
farming in Denmark. (8Marks)
3
10. (a) The diagram below shows a fishing ground in the Pacific Ocean.
(i) Identify the fishing ground shown above. (2 Marks)
(ii) Name two types of fish species found in the fishing ground above. (2 Marks)
(b) (i) Differentiate between fishing and fisheries. (2 Marks)
(ii) Name two inland types of fisheries in Kenya. (2 Marks)
(c) (i) Describe the long lining fishing method. (4 Marks)
(ii) Explain three physical factors that have influenced the development of fishing in
Japan. (6 Marks)
(d) (i) State four problems that face Marine fishing in Kenya. (4 Marks)
(ii) Give three ways of conserving fresh water fisheries in Kenya. (3 Marks)
