Rudiments of Computer Science TG Le, EMO ME MIDI 2 ws mney Timers 192 Dern nny rr verso wey wet oon Seopa rs ‘wows es rane Sen enter is Thr a tre Yorn oT yeni Hn ftom 20 TML or Hypertext Markup Language is one of the most Wit the fa form of HTM, ey Tr erroon nrg net ceed See est [eRe aut] nt nd we pages. Asamarkip langage the puposcofHTML | iseicaweamecnsn 2 | Ses asin trond ase of general rust dermine how neopae | ieseeeatyat™ || Sense _] content should look when displayed ina browser. tis made up | _Svetetekrtmo'css? | | ummm Perey ae eee and when used, they crete a specific output inthe browacr window. Joumet sien Apart rom ITM, oer anguages used for designing web pages include JavaSerpt, Caseading, Mra Oe 707 Style Sheets (CSS) and PHP. Although you may find other languages, these are the primary ones | atx sande foin doe used to deliver content through a Web browser. Word soxument omat JavaScript is similar to traditional programming languages but allows Internet users to perform | ysscat ot Kes) certain actions on a website and interact with the content. It uses function calls and supports object- | and Exc! (atx es. oriented programming clements. CSS is a complementary language that helps to style HTML ‘markup code. PHP isan acronym for ‘PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor’.Itisa server-side scripting language embedded in HTML and does all the processing on the server side rather than inside the browser, before a web page is rendered, Perl is another server-side programming language used for 1 wide range of tasks including web development, as itis compatible with HTML and XML. Another language, Extensible markup Language or XML | plays a significant role in present day web development. | “<> Trallows the exible development of user-defined <{umBBniss tertesques/n document types and in web application, its commonly ‘Seaman tused to transport data fiom one application or script wo another. Like HTML, XML is also used to format a -<¥aamises document with a web browser. However, it is not a fA | replacement to HTML (sample XML code shown above). PA a HTML is. formatting language used to create documents containing hypertext for the World Wide | ‘Web. It was developed in the early 1990s by Tim Berners Lee. = Function: A Web page written in HTML gives a general guideline on how to present a given Web document. The Web browser program translates this guideline and displays the contents of the HTML page with the best display possible on the available hardware. ry : 105 Pora7 Part 2: Chaptor7 © Structure: Each HTML document has two main parts, a hhead and a body. The head part contains information to identify the particular web page and the body contains the information which gets displayed in the browser window. HTML pages are saved as files with the extension .htm or -html in the appropriate directory on a Web server. iar mnpt oan wt dose ' ainassmpntmar $ Geman ante 3 4 nt odo ph inn Mf $n acorn i 8 Erp eng oo i i {nati ypeskeg? + Component Stat bento erg HTM, —e in its simplest form an HTML document is Fragen — || made up of elements called tags that are generally used to LTnetearegenealy |) format the HTML document. HTML tags are not ease | used to format the sensitive and are enclosed by angular brackets like “<’ and *>" as in , , , |itidrame:A | | Ata ean also hae one or more tributes that are wed 0 se the properties of ap For example, in the statement , the bgcolor attribute makes the background colour ofthe body as “blue”. When a Web browser downloads an HTML page trom a Web server, it interprets the tags and displays the document with the appropriate formatting Depending upon its function, an HTML tag can either be a container tag or an empty tag, e a. Container Tag: A container tag comes in pairs with an opening tag like indicating the start of the formatting and a corresponding closing tag like indicating the end of the ‘within pa of angle ContainerTag formatting. Note that the closing tag starts with a forward slash. For example, the code eeepc <TEST will display the text written within the and tags i.e. TEST in bol. opening tag tie |b, Empty Tag: In contrast, an empty tag is @ single tag and does not contain anything It his <> inde te some function ofits own and has only an opening tag. For example, the
or break as ‘an empty tag that introduces a line break in the displayed document. oes | corresponding = Formatting Features: Apart from formatted plain text, HTML allows numbered lists, bulleted eesepteate <> |] etter graph sound tote mere wing appropriate ap For esample ings the formating, computer.jpg> will insert the picture file computer,jpg stored under the current directory. ‘= Hyper-linking: One of the most important features provided by HTML is hyper-linking. Using this feature the user can move to other relevant web pages by simply clicking on a hyperlink ina given page, without the need to type the URL of that page. Benefits of HTML: The popularity of HTML can be due to some of the reasons as stated below: 1. The Internet forms a logical network connecting computers with different configuration. HTML unifies such a diverse system with a standard language that can be used in any operating system platform, b. HTML is supported by all the browsers and most web development tools ¢. Use Hyperlnking helps o easily link one document to another 4. HTML is easy to understand, leam and use e f 8 Empty Te9 an empty tg isa | single tag and does | not contain anything | and as ony an pening tag ike > Being plain text, itis simple to edit ‘The text being compressible, itis fast to download HTML is Free Bp | + Limitations Limitations of | a. Limited Scope: Its not a software programming language and lacks the advantages of such® HTML full-fledged language. Neither is it a desktop publishing tool like MS Word. b. Static Data: Data displayed in a normal HTML file is static in nature and cannot be moditieé by another process. 106Rudiments of Computer Sclence on Pee nN The fllowingseation gives a general guldeline to design {G Tage nM a ercet www vest | | Structure of 3 simple Web pages. As stated earlier in HTML angle brackets Spscltrca? 7 web page ‘<> are used to elose special codes called tags, that are used to | ymamycuns mea, do different formatting and organisational tasks. HTML | &Vhtstepurms!eto consists of many such tags which are discussed below eerie - e imag - is the most important tag in a web page. It is used to idemity the page as a web page. All | isused to ent content within an HTML document must occur between the opening and closing tags page as awed 7 SIT ‘Two oter important tas ina web page ae the and tgs. [aie & The head of a web page is placed at the beginning of the page and reac | 5 | theheadtagis describes the general properties ofthe page. tis conned within the | Sjang, 772 | peat and tags. The tag ean contain two more tags. | beginning of the | These ae the andthe tags The ext placed within the | uy» |_| | abies title tg is displayed inthe ttle bar of the browser. sade” gia popes * The body appears below the head and contains the actual content of | and tags. | e boy? toa ‘The tag contains the sctual content ofthe page displayed by ‘A sample Web page showing the use of the above tags is given below, The output is also shown, Jo — Jo ening HTML <>, Bate! map | sen dona ent —e— a bee ; used to create a web page that incudes ‘canbe wed tm create web page that aches frmaned text, mage, aad | | tag Seat trometer || Seon Fear — |S tee og iapayea ne sto a cave tim Eee (pen Notepad or any ober ext editor and ype the HTML code as shown above, Note how the tags suiputed tthe cole The indentations are wed fo make the code eal readable. After ypings | 3, Se ereate a folder called WebSite and save the lini by typing thee nae a work hum te bar ofthe Working with -xt open the saved file using any Web browser. The output will be as shown above. Note that [Next open the saved file using any Web browse put ove. Note thatthe | Working with text ‘Learning HTML placed within the