1.

Figures show that some countries have an ever-increasing proportion of the

population who are aged 15 or younger. What do you think are the current and
future effects of this trend for those countries?

Advantages Disadvantages

 Young people often bring new perspectives, new  Countries with an

ways of thinking, new ideologies, and the ability overwhelming number of
to participate in social, cultural, and political young people may struggle
activities. Hence, they have the ability to promote to offer adequate resources
societal shifts, positive values, and social growth. and facilities to meet their
demands.
→ They may devise novel solutions to challenging issues, E.g.: In Angola → the
and produce ground-breaking ideas → the Mock Congress spiraling number of
Convention moderated and chaired by children in children at schooling age
Vietnam → overcrowded
classrooms, a shortage of
skilled teachers, and
 The young population provides a physically able insufficient instructional
and dynamic source of labor, especially in industry resources
and services. => This is the workforce that can
revolutionize/streamline/expedite the production
process → sate societal needs  A dearth of job openings
 A vibrant consumer base → invigorate the for this growing sector →
commercial activities the imminent risks of
→ Contribute to national prosperity/economic upswing poverty, dissension, and
even political instability.

2. It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. Dinosaurs, dodos …)
There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening. Do you agree or
disagree?

DISAGREE

 Nature is not wholly responsible for animal extinction  Preventing animals

 poaching/illegal hunting from being extinct is
 Mass deforestation → shrinking habitat → food critical to our
sources depletion and the ensuing perishing of the ecosystem and human
species welfare:
 E.g.: Amazon → destruction at an unprecedented rate  The loss of animal
(without governmental intervention) species could disrupt
 The introduction of exotic species (For example, in our ecosystem’s
1949, five cats were brought to Marion Island, a part balance => the lack of
 of South Africa in the southern Indian Ocean. The cats diversity
were introduced as pest control for mice. By 1977,
about 3,400 cats were living on the island,
endangering the local bird population.)  Potential damage to
our economy and food
→ humans are held accountable for preventing this growing security
incidence For example: colony
collapse disorder

3. Some people think that the best way to improve road transport safety is to let the driver test
each year. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro: - lead in
 Completely disagree. More attention should be paid to implementing stricter
regulations and improving road infrastructure.

Counter-argument Disadvantages

 some people posit/postulate that this  implementing an annual testing

practice would compel drivers to enhance program can be resource-intensive
their competence in driving: skills/ for both individuals and the
knowledge => maneuver vehicles safely government
and responsibly  drivers have to pay a fee + spend
time taking the annual test
HOWEVER: => financial strain for low-income
individuals + burden for those
with hectic schedules.
 The act of safe driving is contingent on  Government may have to allocate
drivers’ attitude. money, facilities resources =>
 The test is only a temporary/transient administer and evaluate the test
solution → their driving behavior will => encroach on the fund for other
regress areas

OTHER WAYS:
 Can invest more in enforcing
stricter regulations and control
=> for example an increase in fines on
individuals drinking while driving can
discourage drivers from opening vehicles
under the influence.
 Improve road infrastructure.
4. Some people think that there could be more benefits to society if more people study business
than history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Intro: lead in
Disagree → people should study according to their goals, preferences and circumstances,
GIVEN THAT ANY SUBJECT IS OF SERVICE TO THE SOCIETY IN SOME
MEASURE

Some people said that studying business However, from my perspective, history is
serves many benefits. of paramount importance/of
paramountcy/instrumental/pivotal in the
society

 Advancing the economy is high on  enable individuals and nation states

governmental agenda → economic to derive experience from mistakes
progresses lay the foundation for other and achievement from previous
fields and can address an array of generations.
propositions (poverty/criminality/…) → → the experience accrues → can be
learning business should be given felicitously applied to the present
precedence  Having an insight into the history of
your country => inculcate in/instill in
them a sense of
 Studying business → foster creativity appreciation/gratitude → for the
and innovation among the students → forebears
generate a versatile and dynamic → drive individuals to pay contribution to
workforce → fuel societal development the furtherance of human civilization
as a whole
6. (Kim Khánh)

Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but they have not agreed
on what an ideal society would be like. What do you think is the most important element of a
perfect society in the modern world? How can people work towards achieving an ideal society?

Elements/traits/characteristics/constituent How can people work towards

factors/attributes of a perfect society in the achieving an ideal society
modern world

 Ascertain the proper fulfillment of human  Health: government should

welfare earmark a portion of state budget
 Health: provision of free healthcare to the to offer free healthcare services
public, irrespective of their socioeconomic  Safety: the promulgation of
statuses stringent laws and the
  Safety: the fear of crimes is dispelled + implementation of preventative
zero-discrimination/non-discrimination measures such as CCTVs or
 Happiness: peacefulness + spiritually patrolmen as well as draconian
diverse life steps against illicit actions
 Non-confrontational acts +
diplomatic resolutions
 Decent living standard  The promotion of free religious
practices + the monetary subsidies
for cultural activities

 Equip individuals with job-

specific and transferable skills →
which can in turn contribute to
personal success and community
development → conductive to
social mobility, chances for
personal and professional
development
 Bridge the gap → sensitize the
rich to the plight of the poor →
render support → facilitates
mutual understanding → offer
affordances for everyone.
5. The use of cars and motorcycles causes transportation difficulty in cities. Why do people
continue to use cars and motorcycles in the city? What is the best way to solve this
problem?

Reasons Solutions

 Affords people flexibility and  Improve public transportations’

convenience compared to fixed infrastructure
routes and schedules  Establish punctual and passenger
 Boasts comfort: carriages on buses oriented timeline with frequent
+ trains can cause discomfort since itineraries
they tend to be swarming with  Enhance comfort in public transit
people and have a noisome smell. by providing amenities such as air
 It is considered a status symbol → condition, comfortable seating,
flaunt their economic power especial entrance for the disabled

 Offers incentives such as discounts on bus

rides or free passes to local attractions =>
 render public transportation more
appealing to individuals.

 Increasing taxation and traffic restrictions

(Singapore)
8. (Danh Dũng) Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end hunger and
poverty, while others say that economic growth is damaging the environment, so it should
be stopped. Discuss both views and give your opinion

Economic growth can be a solution to poverty

- offer ample job opportunities → ensure a stable income → able to satisfy the bare
necessities of life + enhance their own standard of living
- Taxation → increase the national budget → provides more subsidies or social welfare
programs for the poor
- An increase the quality and quantity of the products + affordable prices → enhance living
standard
E.g. Shenzhen City used to be a destitute fishing village and the living standards were low.
However, thanks to industrialization, this city has become a metropolis and the living
quality of the local people has been enhanced.

Economic growth is a causative factor in environmental issues:

- exploitation of natural resources for construction and operation → depletion of these
finite sources
- emit harmful gasses → results in grave air pollution
E.g.: Beijing → morbid air quality resulting from industrial activities in the suburb →
detrimental health hazard.
- discharge untreated effluents from the factories → soil and water contamination
E.g.: in 2016, Formosa company based in Hatinh Province released tons of toxic waste
into the sea, causing mass death of marine life and afflicting living conditions and health of
local residents.
- noise pollution

 Other ways:
 Production
 Consumption
10. (Hạnh Nguyên)
 Disagree Disagree

 Biologically, men are more  Patriotism exists in each and every citizen,
physically resilient than women → regardless of their gender + every
compatible with the exacting military individual is supposed to be entitled to the
tasks. right to protect their own country.
 Higher levels of
testosterone, which is a
hormone that plays a role in  Gender discrimination does not only
muscle growth and deprive females of their professional
development. development but it also undermines the
diversity and strength of the armed forces
Counterargument: → the tasks in armed → competent women are having an outside
forces do not necessarily entail combating chance to contribute to this field
→ necessitate a whole range of skills for
distinctive roles
 Flexibility, agility and
meticulousness are also paramount in
the field → endemic to women.
e.g.: medical army, camouflage, spy,
…

11.Nhật Huy

 Equip individuals with inner values, which can  Arts teach us to cherish the
in turn contribute to personal success and all- beauty of culture and history
round development → humanity (...) + drive us to preserve and
 Exert a substantial influence on humans’ mood uphold those values
 arouse blissful feeling
 grieved/lamentable

 Galvanize them to take a

Eg: For some, Moonlight Sonata → misery →
positive attitude on lives
forlorn love/unrequited love
(meaningful messages
delivered through art works)

12. Quang Duy

 Agree Disagree

 Food Security  Limited Diversity

 self-sufficiency can enhance/strengthen a  restrain the variety of food
nation’s food security by reducing available to a population → not
reliance on external sources, minimizing every crop can be sowed in any
the menace of supply disruptions type of vacant ground → result in
 ex: Japan’s endeavor to produce most of dietary monotony
its rice domestically → its rice supply  nutritional deficiencies can ensue
has been less erratic when a nation relies solely on
domestic production and neglects
an eclectic variety of dietary
 Environmental Sustainability options
 internally produced food requires less
space and energy for logistics → reduce
haulage + carbon footprint  Resource Intensity
 resource-intensive nature of
agriculture, emphasizing the high
demands for water, arable land,
and energy, which can strain
natural resources
 challenges of maintaining soil
fertility and preventing land
degradation in intensive
agricultural systems
 Ex: Singapore

 Discourage international trade →

economic stagnation in some
countries → in VN, such export
revenue contributes significantly
to the GDP

13.
 DISAGREE

 The news is the source of information for extremely important events.

 Keep abreast of the latest news → stay alert in emergency
 The more negative stories appear in the media, the higher chance that people will
become aware of those problems and take action towards a solution.
 Watching the news is beneficial to a country’s democratic life
 Uninformed citizens who do not watch the news can often make bad political decisions

- affords people a gateway to updated information and news → people are constantly
advised of the contemporary issues + acquire knowledge of various fields → it is of
substance in their lives
E.g.: During COVID-19 pandemic, the citizens were informed of the new cases → they can take
precautionary measures
- a channel of diversion → counteract people’s stress
- shape people’s mindset on important social issues (NoPlasticChallenge, #MeToo →
propagated)
- draw the attention of the authorities to the issues → prompt them to devise prudent
solutions to address these propositions

14. (Trà My)

Agree  This can bolster their studying morale → truly dedicate themselves to the
quest for knowledge and self-betterment
 Individuals who advocate the view that higher education only has
advantageous impacts on students may argue that this will guarantee
their job opportunities and foster their living standards → Equip
undergraduates with requisite occupational knowledge and skills which
are conducive to seeking employment → may stand a good chance of
getting a well-paid job → life quality can be improved.

Disagree  However, not only does tertiary education have a beneficial influence on
students but also the society as well.
 With the needful knowledge and skills that students acquire from
university education, the community would have a more educated
workforce → catalyst for a thriving economy
 University education → civility of a nation → stem the crimes
and social vices → ensure a robust social fabric
 Conclusion Subsidies + grants + studentships + scholarships or student loans are advisable

15. (Trà My)

Reasons Solution

 The failure of rehabilitation : Inadequate  It is advisable for the

measures may be taken to reeducate criminals government to reform its
→ They may not be sensitized to the dire rehabilitation methods. →
consequences of their actions → repeat criminals may gain a more
offender profound insight into human
 The lack of job opportunities. Criminals morals and the principles of
usually have insufficient occupational the society.
knowledge and skills which may render job  The authority should offer
seeking challenging. Additionally, criminal offenders vocational training
records may make it difficult to find a job since courses and job openings →
people usually avoid hiring people with equip them with needful job
criminal backgrounds. → they may resort to skills + guarantee their job
illegal actions with a view to earning money security
 The discriminatory attitude of the public →  The government should
engender a sense of resentment and they may incentivize the public to
seek revenge change their perspective on
the criminals → facilitative
for their reintegration into the
society.

7. (Mạnh Thông). Some people think that museums and art galleries should concentrate on the
history and art of their own country rather than the works of art of other parts of the world. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

agree disagree

 preserve traditional cultures and historical  diversify the content of the

values → under the looming threat of museums and galleries → boost the
oblivion novelty + revenue
 provide visitors with a deeper  A more comprehensive grasp of
understanding of their country => foster human civilization (one nation
patriotism and a sense of national pride might present an one-sided
=> educational purpose. perspective)
8.Some people claim that the best/only way to reduce the poverty in developing countries is to
provide at least 6 years free education?

Agree Disagree
 Disadvantages
 Other ways

- Alleviate financial constraints-> support the

- the provision of six-year education
children from low-income backgrounds to continue
tuition is exorbitant and resource-intensive →
their education
budget deficits, tax hikes or reduced welfare
Example: For instance, in some developing
among citizens → it may exacerbate poverty
countries, the implementation of free education
rather than solve it
policies has led to a rise in school enrollment rates
among girls from disadvantaged communities, - should tuition fee payment be dispensed
encouraging them to escape unfair conditions and with, many students may lose the drive to work
pursue better futures through improved hard
employability.
OTHER WAYS:
-Equip individuals with fundamental skills and - render support in other way -> offer social
knowledge, which can in turn contribute to personal welfare, devise policies to reduce tax for those
success and community development with meager fiance

- offer opportunity to attend self-improvement

- inculcate in individuals a more promising courses that help them enrich their epistemic
outlook on their future and foster a positive attitude knowledge and empirical experience of the
towards society. world → fulfill their potential -> chances for
→ galvanise them to work towards reducing social personal and professional development
problems such as poverty

 offer high rates remuneration package

for hard work

10.It is easy to apply for and be given a credit card. However, some people experience problems
when they are not able to pay their debts back. In your opinion, do the advantages of credit cards
outweigh the disadvantages
 Advantages Disadvantages
 Allow customers to withdraw money  People cannot pay their debts back →
beforehand in emergency cases debts can build up → people are likely to
+ credit card provides customers with an encounter financial problems
available sum of money of particular + especially extravagant people who
maximum → withdraw money for spend money excessively without caring
emergencies in case they do not have enough about afterward debts.
money at that moment in time.  Users need to give a payment on
 Convenience surcharges/additional fee while doing
+ pay money afterwards → no need to pay the transaction → may eventually lead them
debt in intervals to higher debts
 Security Concern
+ do not require password when
 Pay in instalments → alleviate the financial withdrawing money from credit card
burden → others can take charge of the credit
card without the owner's permission

- it is of service in cases of emergency or financial - wasteful spending

hardship
- people may incur debts due to the accrued
- acts as a deterrent to pickpocketing robbery thanks interests and surcharge
to the stringent security procedures
+ mental stress
- less cumbersome
+ pay the loans + the accrued interests
- an economic impetus
+ mortgage
- offers financial benefits, for example cashback or
- negative credit score → present a
vouchers
challenge for them to take out loans later
- the potential risks of security breach

11.Some people believe that students who want to attend colleges or universities after graduation
from high school should spend one more year taking a job to gain work experience or travelling to
enlarge their vision. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this practice?

Advantages
Disadvantages

 Gain job-specific knowledge and experience:  The cost of taking a gap year to
students gain practical work experience, which travel is not affordable to every
can be invaluable for future employment student
prospects → enhance their resume and provide  The fact that students can gain
them with a broader perspective on theirs empirical experience and hone their
 careers skills is not guaranteed
 Developing life skills: A year out of academics  If they do not have smart
can provide ss with opportunities for personal plan for taking a year out,
growth: problem-solving, effective they can waste their time for
communication, team building, and relaxing instead of learning
adaptability→ come in handy in their future and experiencing
careers.  The loss of motivation:
 This might be a perspective-changing  Students may not in the habit
experience of studying after taking a gap
 Informed decisions: after spending a year in the year
real world →have time to comprehend what → lead to students’
they are passionate about → make more indolence→ lose the
informed decisions about their educational motivation for pursuing
paths further study

1. Many people put their personal information online (address, telephone number, etc.) for
everyday activities such as socializing on social networks or banking purposes. Do you think it is a
positive or negative development?

Positive Negative

- facilitate a superior and fulfilling - a breach of cyber security → on social networking

experience for online shoppers → the sites, unaware users can be victimized by hackers by
synchronized personal information can clicking on links that compromise their security
enable immediate transfer → the buying settings → users’ personal data may be stolen and
process is expedited exploited for illicit purposes such as blackmail,
property fraud or misinformation
- allows an increased exposure to various
service offerings apposite to their needs - the over-reliance on this function can result in
→ advanced algorithm can analyse the irreversible consequences should the device be lost in
customer’s personal information and the absence of back-up data
search history to present them with
- businesses may commoditize users’ data and sell them
potentially suitable services
to other corporations and industries for a profit
- allows for effortless management of
personal information since all is
organized on one platform
Misinformation
- based on a database of consumers’
information, businesses gain an insight Disinformation
into the market situation → make
informed decisions to expand their
business
For example: banks often analyse trends in
consumer shopping behaviour → devise
more targeted marketing schemes which
can yield higher sales rates.
2. In many parts of the world, children are given more freedom than in the past. Is this a positive or
negative development?

Positive Negative

 affords children the chance to lead an

- suggestible children may be vulnerable
autonomous life
to negative influences and adopt
+ pursue their interests and passions in particular egregious habits at an early age
areas → children to opt for courses and activities ……………..
of their interests → enrich their epistemic
- without discipline and guidance, they
knowledge and empirical experience of the world
might not be orientated on the right track
→ fulfil their potential
in terms of their academic life
+ an elevated level of self-reliance + maturity (slothful/indolent) → limited chances for
personal and professional development
 foster a familial relationship by dint of
uninhibited/unrestrained sharing

3. It is better to learn the way people lived in the past through films and video records than written
documents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Agree disagree

 Films and video records offer the  Written records have co-existed with
watchers a more immersive experience → humanity for thousands of years → the
more enjoyable and arresting → facilitate only way to gain an insight into the distant
knowledge assimilation and retention past >< videos have only been in use for
 The graphics faithfully reflect the reality the last two centuries
→ there is no need for the viewers to  Written records were mostly composed by
visualise, which sometimes involves academics in the past with painstaking
misrepresentation or misconstruction efforts → the information is more reliable

4. Some people think the money spent on developing the technology for space exploration is not
justified. There are more beneficial ways to spend this money. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Advantages of investing in Space technology

There are more beneficial ways to spend this
money

Practical applications: Space technologies - useful  The cost of space exploration is

in everyday life exorbitant
 The success of these exploration is not
 GPS, satellite communications, and solar guaranteed
energy - assisting television networks in  In the modern world, there are many
broadcasting their programs and helping pressing concerns such as environmental
 pollution and illegal immigration to
Google Map users navigate. which we have to pay more attention
 Additionally, the meteorite can be detected
so scientists can find ways to avoid

Desire to explore the unknown

 sense of wonder and achievement ->

Inspiring future generations to pursue
careers in science and technology

 There are various exigencies that

- Space exploration technology has a direct impact
necessitate imperative financial support:
on human life → satellites that provide Internet
pollution, poverty, education, health →
connection or weather forecast information to
more practical and direct to the daily life
many inaccessible locations
of the citizens
- Excavate new raw materials from other planets  The amount of money invested in space
→ a panacea for the gradually depleted exploration is astronomical, yet the
resources returns on investment are limited + may
not always yield immediate tangible
- Space habitation is a viable option → humans benefits for humanity
can seek a more hospitable and agreeable place
for residence
- Provide people an insight into the space → one
concomitant is a deeper understanding of Earth
→ more felicitous policies or long-term plan