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THEORY AND HANDS ON

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC PAGE

MICROSOFT WORD 2016 3

MICROSOFT WORD 2016 EXERCISES 14

MICROSOFT PUBLISHER 2016 16

MICROSOFT PUBLISHER 2016 EXERCISES 20

MICROSOFT EXCEL 2016 21

MICROSOFT EXCEL2016 EXERCISES 27

MICROSOFT ACCESS 2016 29

MICROSOFT ACCESS 2016 EXERCISES 39

MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 2016 41

MICROSOFT POWERPOINT 2016 EXERCISE 46

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS 48

INPUT DEVICES 48

OUTPUT DEVICES 53

RAM AND ROM 58

STORAGE DEVICES 58

INTERNET 61

EMAIL 69

SOCIAL NETWORKS 72

COMPUTER VIRUS 74

BACKING STORAGE 77

COMPUTER REUSE, REDUCE AND RECYCLE 79

COPS PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENTS AND TESTS 80

THEORY ASSIGNMENT 95

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MICROSOFT WORD 2016

Word processing
Is the typing of documents using computer technology loaded with specialist word
processing packages such as MS Word 2016. This involves text entry, formatting, editing
and storage.

Word processor
Is a specialist computer or package dedicated and used for only one task of word
processing.

Examples of word processing packages

 MS Word 2016
 Word Perfect 5.1(and 6.0)
 WordStar
 AmiPro
 WordCraft
 Multimate
 Displaywrite

Word processing terms

Document
Is anything that can be typed e.g. letter, memo, report etc

Formatting
Is adding or applying style to documents to improve appearance such as emboldening,
italicizing, underlining, text alignment text rotation and changing font size, type and
colour.

Editing
Is manipulation of documents such as making corrections, deletions, additions or
insertions of text to existing documents.

Title bar
A bar on which the file name of the document appears after saving

Menu bar
A bar that offers options such as ‘File Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help’

Tool bar
B I U
A bar that contains various icons e.g.

Window
An area on which text can be typed and viewed

Advantages of word processing over manual typing

(a) Ability to edit documents on screen without retyping the whole document

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(b) Ability to automatically check and correct spellings and grammar using the spell
and grammar checker
(c) Ability to format documents i.e. applying style to improve document appearance
(d) Ability to save, electronically file and retrieve documents
(e) Ability to print many copies from one document
(f) Ability to insert tables, diagrams and pictures

Features of word processing

(a) Formatting – emboldening, italics, underlining etc

(b) Editing – additions, insertions, deletions etc
(c) Search and replace – allows a specified word to be searched in the whole
document and replaced with another one
(d) Mail merge – a facility in which a single standard letter is personalized to many
recipients by importing addresses and other details from a database
(e) Spell checker – for automatically checking and correcting or giving suggestions
for words spelt wrongly and wrong grammar
(f) Tables and pictures – allows tables and pictures to be inserted and modified
(g) Page setup – allows one to set margins and paper size
(h) Word count – an automatic feature that counts the number of words in a
document or paragraph
(i) Thesaurus – gives an alternative word or words with the same meaning as the
selected word
(j) Save – allows a document to be stored, electronically filed and retrieved in future
(k) Text alignment – allows text or numbers to be aligned to the left, center, right
or justified(aligned on both sides). The four alignments are:
 Left alignment – paragraph lines start at the same position on the left margin
but ending on different points on the right margin
 Right alignment – paragraph lines start at the different positions on the left
margin but ending on same position on the right margin
 Center alignment – text is centred on the middle of the page with equal
distance from both margins of the page
 Justified or full justification – is where text is aligned on both margins i.e.
paragraph lines start and end at the same points.

Common terms in word processing

(a) Page break - a forced end of page which is done by pressing Control and Enter
keys simultaneously
(b) Hard return – is when the cursor(aka blinking underscore) is moved to the next
line before reaching the right margin after pressing Enter key
(c) Soft return – is when the cursor(aka blinking underscore) moves to the next line
automatically after reaching the right margin without pressing Enter key
(d) Widow - part of a sentence left at the bottom of a page if the sentence goes on to
the next page
(e) Orphan - part of a sentence that goes to the next page if the sentence cannot fit
at the end of the previous page
(f) Header – words that are inserted or typed to automatically appear at the top of
every page of a given document

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(g) Footer - words that are inserted or typed to automatically appear at the bottom
of every page of a given document
(h) Footnote – text printed to offer an explanation at the end of a page to a word that
appears on that particular page(e.g. in Shakespearan plays)
(i) Endnote - text printed to offer an explanation at the end of a document for words
that have been appearing throughout the document e.g. in some Bibles
(j) Subscript – characters printed slightly below the normal print line e.g. in H 20,
the digit 2 is the subscript
(k) Superscript – characters printed slightly above the normal print line e.g. x 2, the
squared(2) is the superscript.
(l) Type face – is the font type i.e. style of font such as Times New Roman, Bookman
Old Style etc
(m) Tab – is short for tabulator stop i.e. one stop jump along the ruler that moves the
cursor by using the tab key
(n) Indentation – is starting the paragraph one or more tab stops inside the default
left margin setting by using the tab key.
(o) Margins – are settings that define the window on which one types text by marking
the top, bottom, left and right margins.

Creating a new document

1. Click file
2. Click new
3. Click blank document

Saving a new document

1. Click file
2. Click save as
3. Type file name
4. Click save

Saving Changes to a document

1. Click file
2. Click save

Open a document
1. Click file
2. Click open
3. Select folder which contain the file
4. Select the file you want
5. Click open

Printing a document
1. Click file
2. Click print
3. Select the printer
4. Select pages to be printed
5. Type number of copies
6. Click print

Putting a password to a document

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1. Click file
2. Click Info
3. Click protect a document
4. Click encrypt with a password
5. Type your password
6. Click ok
7. Retype your password to to verify
8. Click ok
Close a document
1. Click file
2. Click close

Bolding text
1. Select text
2. Click Home
3. Click B

Underling text
1. Select text
2. Click Home
3. Click U

Changing text to italic

1. Select text
2. Click Home
3. Click I

Changing font size of text

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click font size tab
4. Select the font size you want

Changing font size to a size above 72 or below 8

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click font size tab
4. Type the font size you want on font tab
5. Clink in the document

Changing font type of text

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click font type tab
4. Select the font type you want

Changing font colour of text

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click font colour tab

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4. Select the font colour you want

Changing text to superscript

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click Superscript X2

Changing text to subscript

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click subscript X2

Change Case
1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click Change case tab
4. Click UPPERCSE or lowercase

Double line spacing

1. Select text you want to space
2. Click home
3. Click line spacing tab
4. Click 2.0

Single line spacing

1. Select text you want to space
2. Click home
3. Click line spacing tab
4. Click 1.0

1 ½ line spacing
1. Select text you want to space
2. Click home
3. Click line spacing tab
4. Click 1.5

Right justification of text

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click text alignment tab
4. Click align right

Left justification of text

1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click text alignment tab
4. Click align left

Center text
1. Select text

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2. Click home
3. Click text alignment tab
4. Click center

Justify text
1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click text alignment tab
4. Click justify

Finding and replacing text

1. Click home
2. Click Replace
3. On Find what type the word you want to find
4. On replace with type the word you want to replace with
5. Click replace All

Apply Bullets to a document

1. Put the cursor where you want bullets to start
2. Click home
3. Click bullets tab
4. Click the type of bullets you want
5. Type and enter to effect the bullets
Strike through text
1. Select text
2. Click home
3. Click font
4. Click strike through
5. Click ok

Creating a table
1. Click insert
2. Click table
3. Click insert table
4. Type number of rows
5. Type number of columns
6. Click ok

Merging table cells

1. Select table cell you want to merge
2. Right click
3. Click merge cells

Splitting table cells

1. Select table cell you want to split
2. Right click
3. Click split cells
4. Type number of columns
5. Type number of rows
6. Click ok

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Deleting table columns

1. Select table columns you want to delete
2. Right click
3. Click delete coluns

Deleting table rows

1. Select the table rows you want to delete
2. Right click
3. Click delete rows

Inserting table columns

1 Select number of table columns equivalent to the number of columns you want to
insert
2 Right click
3 Click insert columns to the right or to the left

Inserting table rows

1 Select number of table rows equivalent to the number of rows you want to insert
2 Right click
3 Click insert rows above or below

Inserting Drop Cap

1. Select letter which you want to drop cap
2. Click insert
3. Click drop Cap

Inserting Drop Cap for a specific number of lines

1. Select letter which you want to drop cap
2. Click inset
3. Click Drop Cap options
4. Click dropped
5. Select number of lines
6. Select font type
7. Type cm from text
8. Click ok

Changing text direction in a table

1Select the cells which contain text which you want to change direction
2 Right click
3 click text direction
4. Select the text direction you want
5. Click ok

Erasing table lines

1. Put the cursor in the table you want to erase lines
2. Click Table tools

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3. Click layout
4. Click eraser
5. Click lines you want to erase

Deleting the whole table

1. Select the whole table
2. Right click
3. Click delete table

Inserting Header
1. Click insert
2. Click Header
3. Select the position which you want your header to appear
4. Type your Header
5. Click in your document

Inserting Footer
1. Click insert
2. Click footer
3. Select the position which you want your footer to appear
4. Type your footer
5. Click in your document

Inserting page numbering

1. Click Insert
2. Click Page numbering
3. Select where you want page numbering to appear e.g bottom or top
4. Select position of your page numbering

Inserting page numbering starting at a specific page e,g page 51

1. Click Insert
2. Click Page numbering
3. Format page numbering
4. On number format select Roman numerals
5. Click ok

Inserting page numbering in Roman numerals

1. Click Insert
2. Click Page numbering
3. Format page numbering
4. Select start at
5. Type page number to start with
6. Click ok

Inserting Equation
1. Put the cursor where you want the equation to appear
2. Click Insert
3. Click Equation

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−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
4. Select the type of equation you want to insert e.g 𝑥= 2𝑎
5. Edit it if you want to change values

Inserting a symbol

1. Put the cursor where you want the symbol to appear

2. Click insert
3. Click symbol
4. Click more symbols
5. Select the symbol you want eg Ω
6. Click insert

Inserting word Art

1. Select text you want to change to word Art
2. Click insert
3. Click Word Art
4. Click the style of word Art you want

Inserting Shapes

1. Put the cursor where you want to insert the shape

2. Click insert
3. Click shapes
4. Click the shape you want
5. Click where you want it to appear

Writing on the shape inserted

1. Point the inserted shape with mouse pointer
2. Right click
3. Click Add text
Ont size
Draw text box
1. Click Insert
2. Click text box
3. Click draw text box
4. Draw it where you want it to appear

Inserting text water mark

1. Click Design
2. Click Water Mark
3. Click Custom water mark
4. Click text water mark
5. Type your water mark text
6. Select font type
7. Select font size
8. Select layout (diagonal or horizontal)
9. Click Apply
10. Click ok

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Inserting Picture water mark

1. Click Design
2. Click Water Mark
3. Click Custom water mark
4. Click Picture water mark
5. Select your picture from source
6. Click Apply
7. Click ok

Inserting Page Border from a Document

1. Click Design
2. Click Page borders
3. Select Art
4. Click apply to the whole document
5. Click ok

Applying Page colour

1. Click Design
2. Click page colour
3. Click the colour you want

Setting a page to landscape orientation

1. Click Layout
2. Click orientation
3. Click Landscape

Setting a page to Portrait orientation

1. Click Layout
2. Click orientation
3. Click portrait

Dividing a page into columns

1. Click Layout
2. Click columns
3. Click more columns
4. Type the number of columns you want
5. Click Line in-between
6. Click ok

Setting paper size

1. Click layout
2. Click Size
3. Click the paper size you want

Setting margins
1. Click Layout
2. Click margins
3. Click the margins you want

Indentation

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1. Click Layout
2. Click indentation
3. Specify cm to the right
4. Specify cm to the left

Line Numbering
1. Click layout
2. Click line numbering
3. Select line numbering you want eg continuous or restart each page

Mail Merge

1. Create your recipient list

2. Open your standard document
3. Click mailing
4. Click start mail merge
5. Click step by step mail merge wizard
6. Click letters
7. Click next
8. Click use current documeny
9. Click next
10. Browse and select existing list
11. Click open
12. Click ok
13. Click next
14. Select address block
15. Click next to view your letter
16. Click print to print your letters

Checking Spelling and grammar

1. Click Review
2. Click spelling and grammar
3. Select the word or grammar to be used to change
4. Click change or click change all
Microsoft word processing exercise 1
1(a) Create the following document and save it as Test1a and print it [5]
History of Chegato Secondary School
Chegato secondary school was opened in 1957. It started with less than fifty male students.
Chegato secondary school continue to grow year by year. Around 1970 Chegato secondary
school enrolment was over 200 students. From 1975 the school started to enrol female students
and enrolment rose to over 300 students. Today Chegato Secondary is a modern school with an
enrolment of over 700 astudent coming from all over Zimbabwe.
Chegato Secondary school is offering a wide range of subjects at ordinary level which include
English language, Shona, Ndebele, Mathematics, History, Agriculture, Fashion and fabrics,
Physical science, Biology, commerce, Technical graphics, Metal work. The school is also
moving with technology and as a result it is linked to the outside world by an internet satellite
link for easy research and communication with the rest of the world.
Chegato secondary school now also offering Advanced level science subjects which include

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Mathematics
Chemistry
Biology
Physics

For Advanced level Chegato Secondary have been performing very well. For the past three years
overall performance of different departments is summarised by the table below
DEPARTMENTAL PERFORMANCE
Department 2016 2017 performance 2018 performance
performance
Sciences 87% 89% 95%
Commercials 86% 88% 93%
Arts 80% 87% 91%
Social Sciences 79% 85% 90%

Effect the following changes to the document created in 1(a) and save it Testb and print it
(i) Underline the heading, change heading font size to 22, center the heading [6]
(ii) Apply bullets of your choice to subjects listed under paragraph 3 [2]
(iii) Divide the first praragraph into 3 columns with lines inbetween [2]
(iv) Apply 1.15 line spacing to the whole document [2]
(v) Put a text water mark called Information Technology the document [2]
(vi) Put a footer called Test to this document [2]
(vii) Apply word Art to the heading above the table [2]
(viii) Insert a picture with relevance to education below the heading [2]
(ix) Find the word secondary in the document and replace it with High [2]
(x) Copy the second paragraph and paste it at the end of the document [2]
(xi) Apply page borders of you choice [1]

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Microsoft word exercise 2

1. Type the following document as it is, save it as Networks and print..[5]

THE BUS NETWORK

In a bus network, all the devices share a single communication cable. This is a typical topology
for a LAN. Information is transmitted in either direction between any computers on the network.
This means that when two computers want to use the line at the same time, there has to be some
method of deciding who gets the line first. For example, before a station begins to transmit, it
checks that the channel is not busy, if it is it has to wait before transmission can begin. Once it
begins transmission, it listens for other nodes also beginning transmission. If the transmitted
messages collide, both stations abort and wait a random period of time before trying again. This
technique is known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA-CD).

(Mesh.)6

A full mesh topology occurs when every node on the network has a separate wire connecting it to
every other node on the network. It provides each device with a point-to-point connection to every
other device in the network. A full mesh topology is redundant because if any one node of
connection fails, all remaining nodes can continue

2. Change the line spacing for the whole document to double line spacing. [1]
3. Apply art page borders around the document [1]
4. Apply your forename(s) as a footer and surname as the header on this document. [2]
5. Change the font size of headings to 20 and font style to Lucida Handwriting. [2]
6. Italicise the second paragraph [1]
7. Copy the title of the document and paste it below the document [2]
8. Insert a picture of a computer at the bottom right of the document. [2]
9. Drop cap the first character of every paragraph to 2 lines [2]
10. Apply a water mark “ networks” to your document [2]

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MICROSOFT PUBLISHER 2016 (DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE

DTP(Desktop Publishing)
Use of graphics, charting and page make-up software with high quality output in
typesetting, design and producing documents in style e.g. magazines, newspapers,
manuals, posters, brochures and pamphlets.

Application of DTP
 Advertising agents in producing various adverts
 Printing and publishing houses for producing magazines and pamphlets
 Press co-corporations for publishing newspapers e.g. at Zimpapers
 Other private companies or users for producing posters, in-house magazines,
notices etc

DTP Package
Is a graphics, charting and page make-up program with high quality output for
producing documents in style e.g. magazines, newspapers, manuals, posters and
pamphlets.

Examples of DTP packages

 Page maker
 Ventura
 QuarkXpress
 Microsoft Publisher
 Timeworks

Facilities/features of DTP packages

Design and layout

Allows identifying areas on the page to insert columns, text, pictures etc from the outline
of the page

Text
Can either be imported from a word processing package or typed using the DTP package.
Text style can be improved by rotating, enlarging, changing colour etc

Pictures(graphics)
Can be inserted in a DTP package by either:
 Importing from ClipArt gallery(library of various pictures)
 Scanning using a scanner
 Uploading from a digital camera
Borders around graphics can be inserted and can graphics can also be zoomed, rotated,
changed colour etc.

Columns
Allows division of paragraph on the page to facilitate continuation of text from the
bottom of one column to the top of the next column

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Moving around document

Can be done using arrow keys or mouse in order to view or edit the document as
necessary.

Page view
A facility for preview document before printing by viewing scaled down, zoomed or
specified parts of a document

Microsoft Publisher 2016 operations

Saving a Publication
1. Click file
2. Click save as
3. Type file name
4. Click ok

Opening a Publication
1. Click file
2. Click Open
3. Select the folder which contain your file
4. Select you filer
5. Click open

Creating a Calendar
1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Calendars
4. Select the format of calendar you want
5. Select colour scheme
6. Select fond scheme
7. Select layout
8. Select Time frame
9. Set Calendar dates
10. Include schedule of events
11. Click create

Creating an Award Certificate

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Award certificate
4. Click format of award certificate you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Click create

Creating Business Card

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Business card
4. Click format of business card you want
5. Select font scheme

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6. Select colour scheme

7. Select page layout
8. Click include logo
9. Click create

Creating News Letter

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click News letter
4. Click format of News letter you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select page size
8. Click include customer address
9. Click create

Creating Greetings card

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Greetings card
4. Click format of greetings card you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Select page size
9. Click create

Creating invitation card

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Invitation card
4. Click format of invitation card you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Select page size
9. Click create

Creating flyers
1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Flyers
4. Click format of Flyers you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Include mailing address
9. Include graphic
10. Select type of tear off you want
11. Click create

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Creating an email
1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Email
4. Click format of Email you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Click create

Creating an Advertisement

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Advertisements
4. Click format of the advertisement you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Select page size
9. Click include logo
10. Click create

Creating Gift certificate

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Gift Cerificate
4. Click format of Gift certificate you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Click create

Creating a Letter Head

1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click letter head
4. Click format of letter head you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Click include logo
9. Click create
Creating a Menu
1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Menus
4. Click format of Menu you want

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5. Select font scheme

6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Select page size
9. Click create

Creating a Catalogue
1. Click file
2. Click New
3. Click Catalogue
4. Click format of catalogue you want
5. Select font scheme
6. Select colour scheme
7. Select business information
8. Include customer address
9. Click create
Microsoft Publisher exercise 1
Your elder sister just got married and you are tasked to design a wedding bell invitation card for
her wedding. [10]

Microsoft publisher exercise 2

Your local church is hosting a crusade. As a computer specialist, you are tasked to design a flyer
to be used to advertise the event. The flyer must include the following information: [10]

a. Hosting church
b. Hosting Pastor
c. Guest Speaker
d. Venue
e. Time
f. Date

Microsoft publisher exercise 3

1. a) Create a varsity design calendar showing one month of your choice [7]
b) Set calendar dates to 2017. [1]
c) Highlight holiday dates [1]
c) Print the calendar on A4 landscape [1

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MICROSOFT EXCEL 2016 (SPREADSHEET)

Spreadsheet
Is an application package made up of a grid or array of cells mainly used for business
calculations.

Examples of spreadsheet packages

(a) Microsoft Excel 2016
(b) Lotus 1.2.3
(c) Quatro Pro
(d) Visicalc
(e) Supercalc V5

Uses of spreadsheet
(a) Financial and cash flow analysis
(b) Creating business plans
(c) Sales forecasting and analysis
(d) Creating business budgets
(e) Preparing financial statements

Advantages of spreadsheets over manual worksheets

(a) Automatic recalculations when an entry changes
(b) Accept and manipulate formulas
(c) Copying formulas thus saving time of writing individual formulas
(d) Can create analysis graphs
(e) Performs calculations much faster that humans
(f) Can accept statistical, mathematical and financial functions

Examples of statistical functions:

SUM AVERAGE MAX MIN etc

Examples of mathematical functions:

EXP(x) PI SQRT(x) SIN(x) etc

Examples of financial functions:

IRR(Internal Rate of Return), NPV(Net Present Value),
SLN(Straight Line Depreciation) etc

Main features of a spreadsheet

(a) Ability to use formulas and calculations
(b) Ability to copy formulas
(c) Inserting or deleting rows and columns
(d) Drawing or creating graphs
(e) ‘what if’ analysis i.e. interrelationships
(f) automatic recalculations where values change
(g) sorting data in ascending or descending order

Common spreadsheet terms

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Cell
Is an intersection of a row and column

Cell address (aka cell reference)

Is the identification of a cell by use of its co-ordinates e.g. A4, B7 etc

Label
Any textual data made of letters of the alphabet only or combination of both letters and
numbers e.g. headings, titles. Labels cannot be manipulated by formulas are are left
aligned by default.

Value
Any numerical entry i.e. data in form of signed digits 0 to 9 inclusive with or without a
decimal point. Values can be manipulated by formulas and are right aligned by default

Excel Formulas
When typing a formula you start with = or =sum or +
∑ auto summation
Examples of Excel formulas

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Displaying formulas
Press ALT M H
Hiding formulas
Press ALT M H
Inserting rows
1. Select a row or rows
2. Click home
3. Click insert
4. Click rows
Inserting columns
1. Select column
2. Click home
3. Click insert
4. Click columns
Changing column width
1. Select the column you want to change column width
2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click column width
5. Type column width you want
6. Click ok
Changing row height
1. Select the column you want to change column width

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2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click row height
5. Type column height you want
6. Click ok
Applying borders to a worksheet
1. Select the worksheet you want to apply borders
2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click format cells
5. Click border
6. Click outline
7. Click inside

Change numeric data to 2 decimal places

1. Select the numeric data you want to change to 2 decimal places
2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click format cells
5. Click number
6. Click number
7. Select 2 decimal places
8. Click ok

Format numbers to currency

1. Select data you want to change to currency
2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click format cells
5. Click number
6. Click currency
7. Click ok
Format data to text
1. Select data you want to change to text
2. Click home
3. Click format
4. Click format cells
5. Click number
6. Click text
7. Click ok
Inserting a header to a worksheet

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1. Click insert
2. Click header
3. Type your header
4. Click anywhere on the worksheet

Inserting a footer to a worksheet

1. Click insert
2. Click footer
3. Type your footer
4. Click anywhere on the worksheet
Creating a chart
1. Select the data want to use to create a chart
2. Click insert
3. Select the chart type you want
4. Click the chart design you want
5. Type the chart title
6. Label X axis
7. Label the Y axis
Setting a page to landscape
1. Click page layout
2. Click orientation
3. Click landscape
Saving a worksheet
1. Click file
2. Click save as
3. Type worksheet name
4. Click save.
Opening a workbook
1. Click file
2. Click Open
3. Select folder which contain your workbook
4. Select your workbook
5. Click open
Bolding data
1. Select Data which you want to bold
2. Click home
3. Click B
Underlining data

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1. Select Data which you want to underline

2. Click home
3. Click U
Changing data to Italic
1. Select Data which you want to italise
2. Click home
3. Click I
Wrap text
1. Select the cell or cells you want to apply Wrap text
2. Click home

3. Click Wrap text

Changing font size of data in a worksheet

1. Select data which you want to change font size
2. Click home
3. Click font size tabe
4. Click the font size you want

Merging cells
1. Select cells you want to merge
2. Click home

3. Click merge cells tab

4. Click merge cells
NB you click merge cells tab also if you want to merge across, merge and center and unmerge cells

Sorting Data in an excel column

1. Select the column which you want to sort data
2. Click data
3. Click sort Ascending or sort descending

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Changing font type of data

1. Select cells which contain data which you want to change font type
2. Click home
3. Click font type tab
4. Select the font type you want
Rotate text diagonal or vertical
1. Select text you want to rotate
2. Click home
3. Click Orientation
4. Click rotate text up or rotate text down or Angle clockwise, vertical [Link]
Exercise 1
A A C D E F G H I
1 Names Computers Maths Accounts Shona Total Average Maximum Minimum
2 Christabel 90 52 65 80
3 Tapiwa 41 87 10 72
4 Chipiwa 21 25 23 24
5 Chifarai 66 76 81 59
6 Guruwa 70 89 67 86
7 Toendepi 84 77 66 32
8 John 55 33 45 100
9 Total
10 Average
11 Maximum
12 Minimum
13 count
Create the worksheet above and answer questions
Q1 Sanorashe was omitted from the worksheet. His marks were Computers 67, Maths 78,
Accounts 91 and shona 75. Insert Zanorashe and his details between Toendepi and John
Q3(a) Calculate total, average, maximum, minimum, and count for computers
(b) Calculate total, average, maximum, minimum, and count for other subjects
Q4 (a) Calculate total, average, maximum, and minimum for Christabel
(b) Calculate total, average, maximum, and minimum for other students
Q4 Boarder the worksheet
Q5. Express all figures to 2 decimal places
Q6. Increase column width for column A TO 16
Q7. Create a pie chart using Names and computers mark
Q8. Insert a header call Chegato and a footer called Vacation 2017
Q9. Export the graph to Microsoft word
Microsoft Excel exercise 2
Create the spreadsheet below for Sunrise High School students performance in mid year
examination and save it as spreadsheet assignment one [10]
A B C D E F G H I
1 Student Student English Shona History Science Maths Total Student
Number Name average
2 101 Gondo 83 70 59 63 888
3 102 Taridzai 60 81 85 65 77
4 103 Chindika 40 68 82 94 51

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5 104 Chatikobo 55 88 43 70 84
6 105 Miedzo 82 59 88 72 63
7 106 Zodzwa 70 50 89 91 70
8 107 Toendepi 95 56 77 97 61
9 108 Rudo 54 78 85 82 78
10 Total
11 Average
12 Lowest
13 Highest
14
(a) Insert a row between Chatikobo and Miedzo so that marks for Rosemary who was
omitted can be included. Student number 1099 English 76, Shona 81, History 89,
Science 60, Maths 45 [4]
(b) Create a formula in H2 to calculate total marks for Gondo [2]
(c) Copy and paste the formula so that totals for other students are calculated [2]
(d) Calculate student average for Gondo in I2 [2]
(e) Enter appropriate formula to calculate subject total for English, Average mark for
English, Lowest mark for English and highest mark for English [8]
(f) Copy and paste the formula so that total , Average mark , Lowest mark and highest mark
for other subjects are calculated [8]
(g) Format all the numbers to one decimal point [2]
(h) Change the spreadsheet layout to landscape orientation [2]
(i) Bold all the data in A1 to I1 [2]
(j) Border the whole worksheet [2]
(k) Change column B width to 16 [2]
(l) Change font type of data in B1 to B9 to Times New Roman [2]
(m) Change font size of column A to 10 [2]

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MICROSOFT ACCESS 2016 (DATABASE)

Database
Is an organized and structured collection of related data files e.g. supplier and customer
files, student and staff files at a school etc

The main objective of the database is to provide up-to-date information in form of reports
for effective control of the business based on facts rather than assumptions. A database
has facility for creating, maintaining and updating records.

Examples of database packages

Microsoft Access 2016 Paradox

DBase IV Interbase
FoxPro Sybase
Informix Oracle

Database models
Relational database
Use tables called relations i.e. arrays of rows and columns of data where rows are
records of individual records and fields are fields of [Link] can be accessed much
faster by random requests.

Network database
Use linked lists idea where links between records are established through the use of
pointers i.e. one record can point to several other records which relate to it e.g. student
records can be accessed using the reference number.

Hierarchical database
Has a top-down or branch arrangement. It takes the form of an inverted tree structure
and consists of a main trunk from which branches develop

Advantages of databases over conventional filing system

(a) minimum redundancy(duplication)
(b) central updating of records
(c) single input system
(d) ability to retrieve routine and ad hoc reports
(e) allows electronic data sorting

Main features of database packages

(a) can search for specific records
(b) can sort data in predetermined order
(c) can perform calculations on numeric fields
(d) can add or delete records and fields
(e) can export data to other related packages
(f) can merge two or more database files
(g) allows designing of forms and reports
(h) has security features that allows setting of passwords

Database Management System(DBMS)

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Is software that is used to organize and control access to a database and provides an
interface between the user and the database.

Functions of the DBMS

(a) data storage, retrieval and updating
(b) creating and maintenance of the data dictionary
(c) backup and database recovery
(d) security features to be allocated such as user Ids, access levels and passwords
(e) sharing facility

Common database terminology

Character
The smallest unit of data in a database file e.g. a single letter or digit

Field
A column of related data characters in a record e.g. surname, date of birth

Record
A collection of related fields in a database file e.g. details such as student number,
surname, first name, date of birth etc for a single person.

File
A collection of related records e.g. all student details or records make up a student file

Database
A structured and organized collection of related data (files)

Table
Set of related data arranged in rows and columns(NOTE: it is the same thing with file)

The following is an example of a student file at a school:

Std # Surname Firstname DOB Sex Form Hometown Fees Paid

5A20 Moyo John 12/09/86 M 5 Harare $2 400 000
4B10 Jamu Brendon 15/09/87 M 4 Chinhoyi $3 000 000
4B12 Musonza Chipo 17/10/86 F 4 Harare $1 500 000
5C11 Chiodza Antony 20/08/85 M 5 Mutare $2 400 000
3C00 Munava Totenda 15/02/88 F 3 Gweru $3 500 000

Procedures for creating a database

1. Run Microsoft Acess
2. Click File
3. Click new
4. Click Blank database
5. Type Database name
6. Click create

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Database terms
Queries
A query is a search condition used to select specific records from a given database file
e.g. a query to select all form 3 students from a school database file( Form = 3)

Report
A formatted collection of information organized to provide printed data
on a specific subject.

Select Query
A query that answers a question about one or more tables by
limiting the number of records and fields displayed.

Form
– a structured document with specific areas for viewing or entering data
one record at a time.

Criteria
–the conditions that control which records to display in a query.

Primary key
Unique field used to identify a particular record in a database e.g. student number,
bank account number, credit account number etc. In the above database file, the
primary key would be the student number since each student is assigned a different
and unique identification number.

Secondary key
An alternative field used to identify a particular record but not necessarily unique e.g.
surname. Surname cannot be used as a primary key because of its possible for two or
more people to have the same surname.

Processes that can be performed in a database

Appending
This refers to the addition of new records at the end of an existing database file e.g.
adding new comers to a school database file or adding new customers to a customer
database file.

Amending
This refers to modifying existing records when circumstances change e.g. changing the
address of a student if the family moves to some new home.

Deleting
This refers to removing or erasing ‘dead’ records i.e. records which are no longer
necessary to the database file e.g. records of students who have transferred, students
who have finished school or students who have died.

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Inserting
This is similar to appending but differs in the sense that with inserting records, you will
be placing new records between specified records and not necessarily at the end of an
existing database file.

Browsing
This refers to viewing, scanning or simply going through records whilst on the screen.

Displaying
Simply means showing records on the screen without printing them.

Data types in database

The following data types are used in Microsoft access 2016

Field name
Is a name that identifies a specific field which should give a rough meaning or idea of
the type of data stored e.g. price, surname, student number etc.

Field length
Is the maximum number of character spaces that a field should carry and normally it
should be long enough to accommodate the longest possible entry in that field.

String
Is a list of keyboard characters e.g. ‘I am in Form 4’. May be referred to as
alphanumeric data.

Fixed and variable length records

Fixed-length records are those with a known length in advance such as date or logical
entries and variable-length records are those whose length cannot be ascertained before
hand such as comments, addresses etc.

Creating Table in Microsoft access

1. Click Create
2. Click table design
3. Type each field name and specify its data type

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4. Set primary key

5. Save the table

Creating a query
1. Click create
2. Click Query design
3. Select the table or table you want to base your query on

4. Click Add
5. Click close
6. Double click fields one by one to add them to your query design

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7. Set your criteria . For example extracting all students whose home town is Harare

8. Click run query

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Creating a report
A report is created based on a table of a query. To create a report you do the following

1. Click create
2. Click report wizard

3. Select the table or query you want to base your report on

4. Click next
5. Add the fields you want to include

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6. Select report layout

7. Type the title of your report( give a report title which reflect what you are extracting)
8. Click finish

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Sorting data in a table

1. Open the table which you want to sort data
2. Select the field you want to sort by
3. Click home
4. Click sort ascending or descending

Creating a form
To create a form you do the following
1. Click Create
2. Click form wizard
3. Select table or query you want to use to create the form
4. Add fields you want to include in your form
5. Click next
6. Type the name of the form
7. Click finish

Adding a New Field to an existing table

1. Open your database
2. Right click the name of the saved table
3. Click open in Design view
4. Select a row which you want to insert the field before it
5. Right click
6. Click insert row
7. Type field name and set its data type
8. Click save
Deleting a field an existing table
1. Open your database
2. Right click the name of the saved table
3. Click open in Design view

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4. Select a row which you want to delete

5. Right click

6. Click Delete row

7. Click save

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Microsoft Access database exercise 1

1(a) Create a table within a database called Pamusha Lodge Save it as Bookings using details
below and print it [10]
Name Address PhoneNo StartDate Enddate Cottage Deposi Cleaning
t service
Obert Box 80 Mataga 077124569 2/6/07 9/6/07 DOM $240 No
Tadiwa Bag 100 Gweru 071223175 9/6/07 2/06/07 MAK $100 No
8
Dephilia Box 68 Mberengwa 073589365 6/6/07 15/6/07 MAK $400 Yes
Matha PO BOX 12 Mvuma 077752369 9/6/07 25/6/07 DEN $180 Yes
Titus Bag 231 Gweru 071645863 16/6/07 28//6/07 DOM $100 No
9
Progress Bag 520 Bulawayo 078125368 2/6/07 18/6/07 DEN $320 Yes
Philip Bag 25 Harare 077698456 16/6/07 29/6/07 DEN $100 No
Rosemary Bag 43 Gweru 071325678 09/6/7 21/6/07 DOM $450 Yes
9
Takunda Bag 69 Masvingo 073658932 07/6/07 23/6/07 MAK $360 No
Ruva Bag 687 Harare 077785324 2//6/07 9/6/07 DOM $355 Yes
Valarie Bag 32 Mutare 078785369 16/6/6 28/6/07 MAK $400 No
(b) Sort the table in ascending order by name and save it as sorted table [5]
(c) Create a query which extract all the people who booked at DOM Cottage and save it as
DOMquery [5]
(d) Create report for the whole database using only four fields which are Name, Address,
PhoneNo and deposit and save the report wholedatabase report [5]
(e) Delete Takunda ‘s record from the table and print the table[5]
(f) Add a field called city to the original table and print the table
(g) Create a form using all fields in the table and save it as table form [5]
(h) Create query for all people who did not request cleaning services and save it as no
cleaning service query [5]
(i) Create a report on all people who booked at MAK Cottage and save it as Makcottage
report [5]

Microsoft Access exercise 2

1. The school has decided to computerise information about its students and has requested to
do this task.
a) Create and save a database called STUDENTDATABASE [2]
b) StudNumb is to be used as the primary key (provide screen dump as proof) [1]

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c) Create the table using information given below in the database you have created, type all
the records and save the table as Student File and print [5]
Surname First Name StudNumb Sex Date of Amount Units
Birth
Buzuzi Farai 0128474H M 01/01/99 $350 10
Muusha Flavia 0218474G M 01/01/00 $290 4
Mangere Rutendo 0264774F M 01/01/98 $299 5
Mtetwa Natasha 0321857B F 09/08/97 $321 6
Muzomba Lister 0885767B M 01/05/97 $320 6
Manzvera Tapiwa 0509587K M 05/05/01 $397 7
Aphiri Destiney 0645476P M 01/01/01 $309 4
Dube Munyaradzi 0647464P M 01/01/99 $400 9
Kaunda Faith 0837635V F 01/01/01 $290 6
Dzimba Eddie 0890234R M 06/11/96 $366 5

2. Save the Student File as Sorted Student File and sort the Sorted Student File records in
descending order of their Units and print it. [1]
3. Save the Student File as Modified Student File and perform the following on the
ModifiedStudent File table
a) Rename the field Amount to AmountPaid [1]
b) Delete the record of MuushaFlavian [1]
c) Add a record of Mapfumo Isaac, StudentNumber 0300978G, Female, born on
01/06/1999, paid $305 and has 4 units, Print it [1]
4. Using the Sorted Student file, perform the following
a) Create a Columnar Form and name its form header as Sorted Student Form [2]
5. Using the Student File table, perform the following:
a) Create a Select Query that will only display records of students whose Surname start
with M. Name it SurnameM Query [2]
b) Create a Select Query that display records of students who were born after 1998 whose
amount is more than $300.00. Name is DateBornand amount Query [2]
c) Create a Select Query that displays record of students who have more than 5 units or
whose amount is less than $305.00. Name it Units or amount query [2]
a) Create a report, in tabular and landscape form, that will display all records in the
SurnameM Query and name it SurnameM Report [3]
a) Create a report called All RecordsReport that will have all records in the Student File
but excluding the FirstName and Sex fields on it [2]

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MICROSOFT POWER POINT 2016 (PRESENTATION SOFTWARE)

Presentation software is an application software which is used to create sequence of
words,shapes and pictures in slides to tell a story.

Examples of presentation software include Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote,

Kingsoft presentation, LibreOffice Impress,Open Office Impress,Pixxa Perspective,
Slideshark and lotus freelance graphics

Types of Slides in Microsoft powerpoint

Title Slide
This is the slide which you describe what the rest of powerpoint is about. On top of this
slide is the title. Bottom box is give credit to the creator of the slide or or is used for
subtitle

Standard Slide
This is the slide which is used for the majority of presentation. It features title bar
on top describing what the slide is about and content box on the bottom

Comparison Slide
This has two boxesside by side that each have individual titles side and content.
This is used when you are comparing two things

Creating a PowerPoint Slide using Microsoft Powerpoint 2016

Step 1:
Open Microsoft PowerPoint

Step 2:
Go to File at the top of the screen and click New. A box that says “New Presentation” should
appear on the right side of your screen.

Step 3:
In the “New Presentation” dialog box, click on “From Design Template.” You may then scan
through design templates and choose one that you like.

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Step 4: Slide Design

Select a design template by clicking on the template you like. You may choose a different color
for your template by clicking on “Color Schemes” in the “New Presentation” dialog box.

Step 5: Slide Layout

Change the Slide Layout. You may change the slide layout (how information is presented in the
slide) by going to the top of the screen and clicking on “Format” – “Slide Layout.” A box will
appear on the right side of your screen (where “New Presentation” appeared) labeled “Slide
Layout.” You may select a design by clicking on it.

Step 6: Adding Text

Enter your text by clicking and then typing in the box titled “Click to Add
Text” or “Click to Add Title.”

Step 7: Adding Pictures

You may add pictures by clicking on the box that says “Click to add content.” Inside that box,
there will be a smaller box with six icons. Click on the icon that looks like a photograph of a
mountain. A new window will open, allowing you to browse for a picture on your computer or a
CD. Once you find your picture, click on it and then click “Insert.”

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Step 8: Resizing Pictures

You may change the size of your picture by clicking on the picture. The picture will then have
black lines around it with small bubbles or boxes in the corners. Place your mouse over the
bubbles or boxes and click. Holding the mouse pointer down, drag the picture to the size you
want.

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Advantages of Mcrosoft powerpoint presentations

1. Ease your brain
We don’t have to memorize al l the presentation. Use PowerPoint as a reference point that will
give us a kind of cheat sheet to see our topics and remember what we are going to take about.

2. Better preparation
When we are creating a PowerPoint presentation, we can have everything ready to go and
organize in a nice fashion. We will have more control over what we are talking about for they are
all in the PowerPoint files. Besides, it will save us a lot of time than to write down the tips on
board using chalks or pens.

3. Show your point visually

Instead of traditional way of present our points by speaking and write notes on the board. Using
PowerPoint, audiences will clearly see what’s in the presentation, especially when you added
some pictures and video clips. We won’t be able to do that with chalks and pens.

4. Less nervous
It is natural that most people are afraid of public speaking and they will get nervous when talking
in front of several people. I still remember that when we were in school, our eyes will track our
teacher while he paced back and forth in the classroom. The PowerPoint can make us less
nervous since people are looking at the presentation on screen not us.
5. Templates for different appearance
By using templates we can create a great PowerPoint presentation fast and easily. There are a
bunch of ready-made PowerPoint templates, like Valentine’s Day template, Easter template,
Educational template, Business template, Wedding template, etc.

6. Easy to add images

Many times a picture is better than a thousand words. PowerPoint offers easy way to add pictures
into the slide, we can add one picture at a time on one slide, or click “Photo Album” to import
multiple pictures at a time to make a photo slideshow, or adjust one picture format to all other
pictures.
7. The almighty hyperlink
Hyperlink could be the most powerful function of PowerPoint. Besides its original usage of slide
to webpage and jump to another PowerPoint slide, we can re-organize the hyperlinks and make
more complicated effects like: create invisible buttons as outline or even make a jeopardy game.

8. Multimedia output
We can also convert PowerPoint to video for sharing on YouTube or viewing on portable
devices like iPad 2, iPhone 4S, Galaxy Tab, Nokia Lumia 900 or Blackberry, etc. Besides, with
the help of PowerPoint to DVD burner we can make a DVD slideshow for wedding, school
yearbook, holiday, family gathering, etc. fast and easily.

9. Cross-platform viewing
Microsoft has Windows and Mac OS versions, but due to its great popularity, the PowerPoint
formats have become the standard of presentations and are supported widely. With the help of

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Google Docs, anyone with Internet connection can view our PowerPoint presentations online.
Upload PowerPoint files to Google Docs and share PowerPoint on the web with others.

10. Secure presentations

By adding a digital signature to our presentation, you can prevent anyone else from changing the
contents of your document without our consent. We can also use content controls to create
PowerPoint templates that other users in our organization can use. We can prevent them from
changing designated parts of the presentation while giving open access to other portions.

Disadvantages of Powerpoint Presentation

The disadvantages that might be encountered when preparing a Powerpoint presentation include
the lack of necessary skills needed. Although most people do not find the Powerpoint program
difficult to use, it still requires a certain set of skills to effectively create a successful
presentation. Individuals with little or no computer experience may find it difficult to use.
The disadvantage associated with Powerpoint presentations is the system requirements involved.
A computer, projector, screen and electricity will all be required. It also will be necessary to dim
the lights in the room to allow for proper viewing. The other disadvantage is the risk of technical
difficulties. The success of the presentation depends entirely on the proper functioning of
technology.

Create an organization chart with pictures

PowerPoint 2016
For business presentations you often need to show an organizational chart like a future business
structure chart or a corporate structure chart. PowerPoint has the predefined organization chart
templates that make organization structure editing not harder than editing a simple list of items.

To create an organization chart using PowerPoint templates, do the following:

1. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt:

2. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, on the Hierarchy tab, and then select
Picture Organization Chart:

3. To add a picture, follow next steps:

3.1. Select the shape and click the picture icon (or double-click picture icon):

3.2. In the Insert Picture dialog box, choose the picture location, select the picture file, and
then click Insert:

Check how to format pictures in organization chart if you will need to change pictures later.
4. To enter text, do one of the following:
4.1. Select the shape in the SmartArt graphic, and then type your text.
Note: For best results, use this option after you add all the boxes that you want, because
PowerPoint automatically changes sizes and layout.
4.2. Click [Text] in the Text pane, and then type the text:

Note: If the Text pane is not visible, select the SmartArt graphic and open it by:

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clicking the control:

clicking the Text pane button, under SmartArt tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic
group:

4.3. Copy text from another location or program, click [Text] in the Text pane, and then
paste your text.

Powerpoint presentation exercise 1

1. Imagine you have been asked to make a presentation on buying a house. You will need the
following six slides:
Introduction

Types of housing

Costing

House pictures

[Link] an introductory first slide with the title of the presentation, your name and a suitable
picture. All the other slides should have a title taken from the above list.

3. On slide 2, add a bulleted list of different types of housing, e.g bungalows, flats, semi-
detached or detached houses, with a note about any pros and cons, e.g no stairs, if this type of
property is cheap or not, any gardens to maintain, the view etc.

4. On slide 3, include the following data as a chart titled Average Costs:

Year Solicitors Surveyors Banks
1980 $300 $80 $450
1990 $440 $186 $680
2000 $578 $245 $890

5. On slide 4, add suitable drawings or pictures to illustrate the topic, and include relevantly
worded text boxes or Wordart objects, e.g tiring, cups of tea, where’s the dogs? New neighbours,
etc.

6. Save and print a copy of all the slides on one sheet.

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ercise
Microsoft PowerPoint Exercise 2
You are required to prepare the following presentation to be used to introduce form one
students to Chegato High school computer studies department
Slide I [2 Marks]
Create title slide “WELCOME TO CHEGATO HIGH SCHOOL COMPUTER STUDIES
DEPARTMENT ” Bold it. Insert a picture of a computer

Slide 2 [3 marks]
COMPUTER STUDIES
ENROLLMENT
20
200
300

A- LEVEL O- LEVEL ZJC

Slide 3 [3 Marks]
COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENTAL STAFF CHART

Head of Department

Teachers Lab Assistant

Slide 4 [2 Marks]
DEPARTMENT PASS RATE
A % Pass rate O level % Pass Rate
LEVEL
2014 93% 2014 85%
2015 95% 2015 100%
2016 100% 2016 95%

Slide 5 [2 Marks]
DEPARTMENTAL STENGTH
 Team work
 Constant research
 Network with other schools
 Co-operation and dedication
Slide 6 [1 Marks]
CONCLUSION
I WISH YOU A NICE TIME AS YOU STUDY COMPUTER STUDIES [1]
Additional information
(i) Use design style of your choice for your presentation [2]

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
WHAT IS A COMPUTER:
A computer is an electronic device which work under the control of a stored program
automatically accepting data, stores data and process it into information. Examples of computers
are desktop computers, laptop computer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super
computer.
Computer hardware
Computer hardware are all the physical and electronic components of a computer. These
are tangible components. These include the hard disk, motherboard, buses, processor, power
supply, floppy drive, CD rom, random access memory, read only memory, visual display unit,
keyboard, mouse and other hardware components
Computer software
These are all programs which are used by the computer for it to be able to do its function.
Computer software are under two major groups which include systems software and application
software.
Application software
Application software are all programs which are used by a computer to solve problems or to
perform a specific task. For example Microsoft word is an application software which is used to
process word documents. Microsoft Access is a an application program which is used to create
and manage a database
Systems software
These are programs which are used for the control and maintenance of a computer. For example
an operating system like windows 8 is used for the overall control and maintenance of a
computer
Database management systems are systems programs which are used for the creation and
maintenance of a database
Translators and compilers are systems programs which are used to change programs written in
high level language to machine language
Utilities are systems programs which provide a useful service to the computer user. For
example, the copy utility, sort utility, dump utility etc.

Input Devices:

a) Graphics Tablets b) Camera c)Video Capture Hardware d)Trackballs e)Barcode

reader f) Digital camera g)Gamepad h) Joystick i)Keyboard j)Microphone k)MIDI keyboard
l)Mouse (pointing device) m) Scanner n)Webcam o)Touchpads p) Pen Input q)Microphone
r) Electronic Whiteboard s) OMR t) OCR u) Punch card reader v)MICR (Magnetic Ink
character reader) w) Magnetic Tape Drive

Optical Mark Recognition

OMR allows the direct transfer of data from source document to computer. Information is
collected on preprinted OMR form by marking predetermined positions with a pencil or pen to
indicate each selected response. Adevice called Optical Mark Reader converts the marks into
computer readable form. The reader detects the presence (or absence) of a mark on a form by

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sensing reflected infra-red light. The software in the reader interpretes the marks into
meaningfull characters which can be passed to the computer for storage analysis
Advantages of Optical Mark Recognition
 sensitivity can be altered to allow for different surfaces and pencils and inks
 has a better recognition rate than Optical Character Recognition
 Can be prepared where data originates, without machines
 errors are easily corrected.
Disadvantages
 Mark readers are relatively slow
 Verification of marked data is difficult
 Document may be difficult to understand and fill in
 the document reader will have to be reprogrammed for each new document design

Examples of the use of OMR

Insurance premium collection
Multiple choice examinations
Market research questionnaires
in supermarkets for stock recording
Traffic surveys
Payroll data entry
Optical Character Recognition
Characters are ready by an optical character reader that senses light reflected from the paper and
ink and converts the characters to electric signals. OCR means that the reader has a memory and
processing capabilities so the signals can be matched with internally store reference patterns for a
given character set or font. The most common are OCR-A and b which most readers
[Link] which cannot be read cause the document to be rejected. Data that is accepted
can be either read directly into the computer or recorded on magnetic tape or disk for later
processing
OCR can be used in billing (e.g gas and electricity bills) and in insurance renewals

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

Characters are printed in ink containing iron oxide. When the document is passed into the reader,
the ink is magnetized so that the magnetic pattern formed by the characters can be identified.
Usually MICR devices use font E13B which contains 14 characters
MICR is widely used in banking industries in cheque payment. Codes are usually printed at the
bottom. These numbers usually represent
 Serial number of the actual cheque
 The sorting code number of the branch
 The individual customer account number
Once the details of the customer is known his account can be updated
Advantages of MICR

 There are difficult to forge

 Documents can still be read when folded

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Bar code reader

A bar code is a set of vertical bars and spaces of differing width which represent a number. A space is
treated as a 0 and a bar unit as 1. The code can be read optically as a bit pattern in which successive
groups of bits are treated as BCD or some numeric code. It is widely used in supermarket products
Bar code store information such as
o Country of origin of the product
o The manufacturer
o Name of the product
o price
Advantages of bar codes are
 cost of adding a bar code to a label is tiny
 There is saving on paper work
 Input with the keyboard is minimized
Disadvantages of bar codes
 Only numbers can be coded
 getting retailers to make use of the codes is a problem
 Bar codes cannot be read by people
 Bar code scanners have reliability problems
Examples of where bar codes are used are library books, Shop goods labels and shelves for
stock taking

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Barcode scanners read barcodes on the products sold in shops and send the price to
the computer in the cash register. Barcodes consist of a series of black and white stripes
used to give products a unique identification number.
The resolution of a scanner is measured in dpi or dots per inch. For example, a 1.200
dpi scanner gives clearer, more detailed images than a 300 dpi scanner.
Most scanners come with Optical Character Recognition software. OCR allows you to
scan pages of text and save them into your word processor; they can be edited.

Digital cameras

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A digital camera doesn't use a film. Photos are stored as digital data (bits made up of
1s and 0s), usually on a tiny storage device known as flash memory card. You can
connect the camera or memory card to a PC and then alter the images using a
program like Adobe

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A plasma display panel (PDP)

Is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or
larger. They are called "plasma" displays because they use small cells containing
electrically charged ionized gases, which are plasmas.

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Braille printer

Is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells. Using braille translation
software, a document can be embossed with relative ease, making braille production
efficient and cost-effective.

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Other output devices include Computer Output Microfilm (COM), Film Recorder and
Microfiche

RAND ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

1. Random Access.
-It is possible to fetch data randomly from any location of main storage in and order
-Volatility
-You can write to the memory
-Loss of data when power is off
. READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
Is type of memory from which data may be retrieved but the contents cannot be changed by the
user ROM is also called firmware. Rom is installed by the manufacturer on the system
[Link]-only memory – ROM N Is none volatile in nature. This means there is no loss of
data when power is off or on
-It stores instructions permanently. Instructions stored in ROM is said to be hard wired.
-You cannot write to ROM

CACHE MEMORY
It is a type of memory with extra high access speed which is placed between the processor
and the main memory to facilitate high processing of data

STORAGE HARDWARE DEVICES

These are physical components which are use to store computer programs and data. These
include hard disks, floppy disks magnetic tapes and compact disks

Floppy disks
It is a single, flexible disk held in a protective jacket. Is made up of polyester film coated with
metal oxide compound and resembles a 45 [Link] record. Typical sizes are 51/4 and 31/2. They
can be hard or soft-sectored. Floppies operate in much the same as hard disks. The disk is
inserted into a floppy disk drive to be read/written.
Advantages of using floppies are
 Very cheap as compared to other disk media
 Small, light weight and convenient
 Exchangeable.
Disadvantages of using floppies
 Vulnerable- short shelf life, susceptible to dirt

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 A Floppy drive can transmit computer virus

 A Floppy disk drive is much more expensive than a cassette tape drive
Uses of floppy disks
There are ideal backing store for personal computers and microcomputer-based small business
systems

MAGNETIC TAPE
Is a secondary storage medium consisting of plastic ribbon coated with magnetic material that
can be magnetized to represent data. Data on tape are recorded in blocks which are separated by
interblock gaps to allow the tape to speed up and slow down at the beginning and end of the
reading blocks
Advantages of magnetic tape are
o A good backup for large files
o Store more data than magnetic disk
o Speed- the transfer rate of (typically) 50 000 – 100 000 or more characters per second is
quite adequate for many applications
o Capacity- a standard reel can hold 10 million or more characters depending on the
blocking factor
o Cost- magnetic tape is the cheapest magnetic medium.
o Convenient- It is light, compact and easy to store in racks
Disadvantages of magnetic tape
 Tape is a serial medium and therefore searching is necessary. This makes it impractable
for direct access applications
 A record on magnetic tape cannot be read, updated in place. Record to be updated have to
be read, updated and then written to a second tape
 Tape must be stored in a suitable environment where humidity, temperature and dust are
tightly controlled
 Tapes has a limited shelf life (about 2 years) for reliable results and is therefore not
suitable for long term storage of historical files

Uses of magnetic tapes

There are used mainly as off-line storage of large sequential files, back up storage for on-line
files and as medium for key –to-tape data entry

MAGNETIC DISK
Is a round platter made of metal or plastic and coated with magnetizable material. Those made of
metal are rigid and are usually referred to as hard disks. We can think of the surface of the disk
as being divided into a number of concentric circles, called tracks. The number of tracks per disk
varies considerably from one system to another. Access to data stored on magnetic disk is direct
Advantages of magnetic disk

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 Faster transfer of data

 It is stronger than the magnetic tape
 It is easy to update since there is direct access
 It is safe since it is stored inside
 Data can be accessed directly- there is no need to search through other record
 Sequential processing is possible if needed
 Very high capacity storage at low cost
 Disk packs are convenient to handle and store
 Currently the most popular storage method in business
Disadvantages of magnetic disks
 Disks drives and disks are more expensive than tape drives and tapes
 Slower than newer ‘forms’ of storage e.g magnetic buble
 Can be unreliable- susceptible to dust, static electricity and head crush
Uses of magnetic disk
Is particularly useful in on-line enquiry/response systems, where direct access is essential e.g in
reservation/ booking systems. It is also suitable in most business situations

COMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMORY

Is a storage disk whose data is imprinted by the disk manufacturer and cannot be altered or
erased by the user. Read only means that data can be retrieved but not altered or erased by the
user. These are used primarily to make available huge amounts of prerecorded information e.g
dictionaries, encyclopedias and medical references
Other hardware components include the power supply component, network cards, network
linking devices,modems and mouse

Cloud computing
Is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and
process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer
Cloud computing services examples
Some common services that are hosted in the cloud are hosted desktop, provided by companies
like AT&T; hosted email like Gmail, provided by companies like Google; cloud storage, provided
by companies like Dropbox; and streaming music, provided by companies like Spotify. These
services, applications and files are stored in the cloud and can be accessed by users via any device.

There are a wide range of companies and industry verticals that use cloud computing such as
Amazon and Google. Small, medium, and large size public and private companies alike use cloud
computing to reduce technology acquisition costs.

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Internet terms

Internet
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Search Engine
A program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords
Universal Resource Locator (URL)
The generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the World Wide
Browser
Is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on
the World Wide Web.
Web
Is basically a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents
World Wide Web www
Domain
The unique address of every user that uses the Internet.

The term World Wide Web (WWW) refers to the collection of public Web sites connected to the
Internet worldwide, together with the client ..
Address Box
A narrow, rectangular box in the browser window where you can type in a web address. Typing
in the web address in the address box and hitting Enter on the keyboard will take you to a
website.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The standard method for downloading and uploading files over the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
A set of unique numbers that identifies each computer on the Internet.
E-mail
Mail that's electronically transmitted by your computer.
Homepage
The first page that is viewed when the browser starts.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
It is the set of rules by which Web pages are transferred across the Internet.
Link or Hypertext Link
An underlined word(s), phrase(s), or graphics on a Web page that transports the reader to
additional or related information on the Internet
Link (or hyperlink)
A highlighted or underlined feature on a web page that, when clicked, will take you to another
web page. A link most often appears as underlined words or an image.
TelNet
A terminal emulation protocol (or Internet program) used to connect a computer to a remote host
or server.
Web Page
A single hypertext file or a page that is part of a Web site.

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Website
A collection of World Wide Web pages or files.
Advertisement

Web Address or URL The address for a website. (URL stands for Uniform
Resource Locator.)
U.S.-based web addresses usually start with the letters www (for World
Wide Web) and end with a dot followed by letters that indicate the type of
website it is:
.com = commercial enterprise or business
.org = non-profit organization
.edu = educational institution.
.gov = government agency
.mil = military agency
.net = another ending for a commercial website
Website A location on the World Wide Web (and Internet) that contains
information about a specific topic. A website usually contains multiple pages with
different types of information about the topic.
Advantages of the internet
1) Information on almost every subject imaginable.
2) Powerful search engines
3) Ability to do research from your home versus research libraries.
4) Information at various levels of study. Everything from scholarly articles to ones directed at
children.
5) Message boards where people can discuss ideas on any topic. Ability to get wide range of
opinions. People can find others that have a similar interest in whatever they are interested in.
6) The internet provides the ability of emails. Free mail service to anyone in the country.
7) Platform for products like SKYPE, which allow for holding a video conference with anyone in
the world who also has access.
8) Friendships and love connections have been made over the internet by people involved in
love/passion over similar interests.
9) Things such as Yahoo Answers and other sites where kids can have readily available help for
homework.
10) News, of all kinds is available almost instantaneously. Commentary, on that news, from
every conceivable viewpoint is also available.

Disadvantages of the internet

1) There is a lot of wrong information on the internet. Anyone can post anything, and much of it
is garbage.
2) There are predators that hang out on the internet waiting to get unsuspecting people in
dangerous situations.
3) Some people are getting addicted to the internet and thus causing problems with their

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interactions of friends and loved ones.

4) Pornography that can get in the hands of young children too easily.
5) Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet. You can start surfing, and then realize far more
time has passed than you realized. Internet and television together of added to the more sedentary
lifestyles of people which further exacerbates the obesity problem.
6) Internet has a lot of "cheater" sites. People can buy essays and pass them off as their own far
more easily than they used to be able to do.
7) There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses that have sprung up on the internet to take
advantage of people.
8) Hackers can create viruses that can get into your personal computer and ruin valuable data.
9) Hackers can use the internet for identity theft.
10) It can be quite depressing to be on the internet and realize just how uneducated so many
people have become in today's society.
E-Commerce
E-commerce is buying and selling of goods on the internet. Electronic commerce (e-
commerce) is any business activity that can be conducted over the web. This includes using
web space for advertisements, brochures, and catalogs, as well as ordering and distribution
services. Companies can sell products and services over the Internet from their own websites,
through auction sites, or through affiliated websites.
TYPES OF E-CORMMERCE

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ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
1. Overcome Geographical Limitations

If you have a physical store, you are limited by the geographical area that you can service. With
an ecommerce website, the whole world is your playground. Additionally, the advent of
mcommerce, i.e., ecommerce on mobile devices, has dissolved every remaining limitation of
geography.

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2. Gain New Customers With Search Engine Visibility

Physical retail is driven by branding and relationships. In addition to these two drivers, online retail
is also driven by traffic from search engines. It is not unusual for customers to follow a link in search
engine results, and land up on an ecommerce website that they have never heard of. This
additional source of traffic can be the tipping point for some ecommerce businesses.

3. Lower Costs

One of the most tangible positives of ecommerce is the lowered cost. A part of these lowered costs
could be passed on to customers in the form of discounted prices. Here are some of the ways that
costs can be reduced with ecommerce:

 Advertising and Marketing

Organic search engine traffic, pay-per-click, and social media traffic are some of the
advertising channels that can be cost-effective.

 Personnel
The automation of checkout, billing, payments, inventory management, and other
operational processes, lowers the number of employees required to run an ecommerce
setup.

4. Locate the Product Quicker

It is no longer about pushing a shopping cart to the correct aisle, or scouting for the desired product.
On an ecommerce website, customers can click through intuitive navigation or use a search box to
immediately narrow down their product search. Some websites remember customer preferences
and shopping lists to facilitate repeat purchase.

5. Eliminate Travel Time and Cost

It is not unusual for customers to travel long distances to reach their preferred physical store.
Ecommerce allows them to visit the same store virtually, with a few mouse clicks.

6. Provide Comparison Shopping

Ecommerce facilitates comparison shopping. There are several online services that allow
customers to browse multiple ecommerce merchants and find the best prices.

7. Enable Deals, Bargains, Coupons, and Group Buying

Though there are physical equivalents to deals, bargains, coupons, and group buying, online
shopping makes it much more convenient. For instance, if a customer has a deep discount coupon
for turkey at one physical store and toilet paper at another, she may find it infeasible to avail of
both discounts. But the customer could do that online with a few mouse-clicks.

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8. Provide Abundant Information

There are limitations to the amount of information that can be displayed in a physical store. It is
difficult to equip employees to respond to customers who require information across product lines.
Ecommerce websites can make additional information easily available to customers. Most of this
information is provided by vendors and does not cost anything to create or maintain.

9. Create Targeted Communication

Using the information that a customer provides in the registration form, and by placing cookies on
the customer's computer, an ecommerce merchant can access a lot of information about its
customers. This, in turn, can be used to communicate relevant messages. An example: If you are
searching for a certain product on [Link], you will automatically be shown listings of other
similar products. In addition, [Link] may also email you about related products.

10. Remain Open All the Time

Store timings are now 24/7/365. Ecommerce websites can run all the time. From the merchant's
point of view, this increases the number of orders they receive. From the customer's point of view,
an "always open" store is more convenient.

DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE

1. Security

When making an online purchase, you have to provide at least your credit card information and
mailing address. In many cases, e-commerce websites are able to harvest other information about
your online behavior and preferences. This could lead to credit card fraud, or worse, identity theft.

2. E-commerce Delays Goods

Unless you are using a website to merely order a pizza online, e-commerce websites deliver take
a lot longer to get the goods into your hands. Even with express shipping, the earliest you get goods
is "tomorrow."

3. E-commerce Lacks That Personal Touch

Not that all physical retailers have a personal approach, but I do know of several retailers who
value human relationship. As a result, shopping at those retail outlets is reassuring and refreshing.
Clicking on "Buy Now," and piling up products in virtual shopping carts, is just not the same for
me.

4. Many Goods Cannot Be Purchased Online

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Despite its many conveniences, there are goods that you cannot buy online. Most of these would
be in the categories of "perishable" or "odd-sized." Think about it, you cannot order a popsicle
(also referred to as an ice pop or ice lolly) or a dining table set.

5. Customer ‘s privancy is lost if shopping habits are tracked by the e-commerce website

6. E-commerce website are prone to attack by virus and other malware

E-Banking
E-banking refers to electronic banking. It is like e-business in banking industry. E-banking is also
called as "Virtual Banking" or "Online Banking". E-banking is a result of the growing
expectations of bank's customers.

E-banking involves information technology based banking. Under this I.T system, the banking
services are delivered by way of a Computer-Controlled System. This system does involve direct
interface with the customers. The customers do not have to visit the bank's premises.

The popular services covered under E-banking include :-

1. Automated Teller Machines,

2. Credit Cards,
3. Debit Cards,
4. Smart Cards,
5. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) System,
6. Cheques Truncation Payment System,
7. Mobile Banking,
8. Internet Banking,
9. Telephone Banking, etc

Advantages of e-banking
The main advantages of E-banking are :-

1. The operating cost per unit services is lower for the banks.
2. It offers convenience to customers as they are not required to go to the bank's premises.
3. There is very low incidence of errors.
4. The customer can obtain funds at any time from ATM machines.
5. The credit cards and debit cards enables the Customers to obtain discounts from retail
outlets.
6. The customer can easily transfer the funds from one place to another place electronically.

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Disadvantages of electronic banking

Need for Internet Connection
Not everyone enjoys the luxury of having a stable and fast Internet connection at home. Aside
from having a personal computer or laptop, having stable Internet access at home is a basic
prerequisite to performing electronic banking. Of course, people can always use a public computer
with Internet access; however, the security of public computers is always a concern.

Need for Computer Know-How

Conducting a successful electronic banking transaction, like paying bills online, requires basic
computer skills and knowing your way around the Internet. Being computer-literate is not common
to everyone---especially seniors who might not have grown up using computers---and this is a
major disadvantage to electronic banking.

Delayed Statements
When performing online banking there is not a standard at which payments made will show up on
your online bank statements; they might show up two to three days later, depending upon the bank.
When banking in person, you can generally get the exact status of your bank account.

Security Concerns
One of the biggest disadvantages of doing electronic banking is the question of security. With the
prevalence of keyloggers, phishing emails, trojans and other online threats, it is natural for people
to be concerned with the security of their identity, funds and electronic banking transactions. Using
antivirus and similar programs is not full-proof. People worry that their bank accounts can be
hacked and accessed without their knowledge or that the funds they transfer may not reach the
intended recipients. Although it is rare nowadays with enhanced security measures, these threats
still exist.

Loss of Human Touch

Some people still value talking and interacting with bank tellers, managers and other bank clients.
Electronic banking takes the majority of these "human interactions" away, leaving the banking
experience as a very hands-off, impersonal process.

Other uses of the internet include

1. Research. Research can be done on the internet about an subject

2. Communication. The internet is used as a powerful tool of communication as in link to
the whole world
3. Educational use. People can now do their course in their homes by enrolling online
4. Video conferencing. People can do online meetings seeing each other on the screen
5. Discussion groups. These include public groups, such as those on Usenet, and the private
mailing lists that ListServ manages
6. Electronic newspapers and magazines. This category includes late-breaking news,
weather, and sports. We’re likely to see this category leap to the top five in the next
several years.
7. Job-hunting. Classified ads are in abundance, but most are for technical positions.

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8. Friendship and dating. You may be surprised at the number of electronic “personals”
that you can find on the World Wide Web.
9. Downloading files. Many documents can be downloaded fro the internet

E-mail (Electronic mail

It messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via
a network. This is done through any gadget which can be connected to communication system

Composing , attaching document and sending e-mail

To compose, attach and send email you do the following
1. Click compose and the following appears

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2. Type email address of the person to receive your mail

3. Type subject
4. Type the message of your email
5. Click attach and dialogue box appears
6. Select the file you want to attach
7. Click open
8. Click send

Advantages of e-mail

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Disadvantages of e-mail

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SOCIAL NETWORKS
A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is a platform to
build social networks or social relations among people who share similar personal and career
interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. The variety of stand-alone and built-in
social networking services currently available in the online space introduces challenges of
definition, but there are some common features. Social network users are able to share text
messages, videos, images, audio and even attaching of other file formats in the network such as
pdf, word documents and others. The services of offered on social network are given at very low
cost. For example one can use facebook or whatsappi in Zimbabwe for less than one dollar for a
week.
Examples of social networking sites or networks
Facebook
Facebook is a social networking site that makes it easy for you to connect and share with your
family and friends online. Originally designed for college students, Facebook was created in
2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was enrolled at Harvard University. By 2006, anyone over
the age of 13 with a valid email address could join Facebook. Today, Facebook is the world's
largest social network, with more than 1 billion users worldwide.

Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create
profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and
colleagues. The site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features such
as:

 Marketplace - allows members to post, read and respond to classified ads.

 Groups - allows members who have common interests to find each other and interact.
 Events - allows members to publicize an event, invite guests and track who plans to
attend.
 Pages - allows members to create and promote a public page built around a specific topic.
 Presence technology - allows members to see which contacts are online and chat.

Whatsappi
WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging application that allows iPhone,
BlackBerry, Android, Windows Phone and Nokia smartphone users to exchange text, image, video
and audio messages and other documents formats for free. WhatsApp is especially popular with
end users who do not have unlimited text messaging. In addition to basic messaging, WhatsApp
provides group chat and location sharing options. Technically speaking, WhatsApp uses a
customized version of the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).
WhatsApp Inc. was founded in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both veterans of Yahoo!

Twitter
Twitter is a free social networking microblogging service that allows registered members to
broadcast short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other users'
tweets by using multiple platforms and devices. Tweets and replies to tweets can be sent by cell

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phone text message, desktop client or by posting at the [Link] website. Tweets, which may
include hyperlinks, are limited to 140 characters, due to the constraints of Twitter's Short Message
Service (SMS) delivery system. Because tweets can be delivered to followers in real time, they
might seem like instant messages to the novice user. But unlike IMs that disappear when the user
closes the application, tweets are also posted on the Twitter website. They are permanent, they are
searchable and they are public. Anyone can search tweets on Twitter, whether they are a member
or not

Advantages of social networks

1. Social networks free—and not only that, but it's also one of the best mediums for
communication. You can send messages, start a video call, and upload photos and videos
without charge.
2. Most social networks lets you connect to different people from anywhere in the world.
3. It is an easy way to share feelings and what's happening in your daily life. You can share
your achievements to get some appreciation, or you can share your sorrows to get support
from your generous friends.
4. If you're a business, social network also allows you to advertise. Fan pages are very
helpful for a successful marketing campaign, because they allow potential consumers to
engage, stay informed, and share with friends.
5. Students can use Facebook for group study by creating a group only for studying. There,
you can share information about your projects, homework, assignments, exams, due dates,
etc.
6. Relationships can blossom on Facebook. For long distance couples, the easy
communication can help keep the love alive all the time they're apart. The site can even
help people eventually tie the knot.

Disadvantages of social networks

1. People can stalk you and get your personal information on the social network. It is highly
recommended not to share your personal information publicly.
2. Not only students, but also people working in offices can waste time on social network.
That's why many offices have decided to block the site from their networks completely.
3. Certain Facebook activities have fueled conflict between social media-savvy couples.
According to a recent study, around a third of divorce filings in recent years have contained
the word "social network." Posts, pictures, and geo-tags that indicate a partner might not
be telling the truth can be used as evidence in the divorce process.
4. There are plenty of groups and fan pages out there that condone extremist, unaccepting
points of view. These are being created to abuse or violate other religions, personalities,
nationalities
5. Social networking is addicting! For some people, social networking can be as habit-
forming as cigarettes! Social networking is a useful and helpful tool, but it becomes
harmful if you begin wasting your valuable time. This is the site's biggest disadvantage,
because the loss of your precious time can lead to other problems.

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COMPUTER VIRUS
Is a program which is written to cause destructive effects to the computer or it is a program
which is written to give undesirable effects to the computer. To guard against virus attack,
anti-virus program such as Norton anti-virus and Dr Solomon ‘anti-virus are used.
The anti-virus program scan the computer during start up and when opening files. It can also
scan at any moment if a command to scan is given. The anti- virus is a program which is
written to protect the computer from viruses and to remove viruses from the computer. To
scan for virus you do the following

1. Run the anti-virus program

2. Specify the drive or file to be scanned
3. Click scan now
4. After scan , the program will give a summary of scanning operations
Updating a computer virus
1. Connect your computer to the internet
2. Run your antivirus software
3. Click update.

Ways which a computer and programs can be infected by a virus

1. Use of a floppy diskettes used on a machine infected with virus

2. Sharing templates used by a machine infected with a virus
3. Downloading programs where you cannot verify the source
4. Pirated or illegal copies of software
5. Re-shrinked wrapped or opened software

Signs which indicate that a computer is infected by virus

1. My computer speaks to me: There are all types of pop-ups and messages on the desktop
either advertising things, saying that the PC is infected and needs protection… This is a
typical, surefire case of an infection. There is either spyware on the computer, or it has
been infected by a fake antivirus (also called “rogueware”).
2. My computer is running extremely slowly… This could be a symptom of many things,
including infection by a virus. If it has been infected by a virus, worm or Trojan, among
other things, which are running on the computer, they could be running tasks that
consume a lot of resources, making the system run more slowly than usual.
3. Applications won’t start. How many times have you tried to run an application from the
start menu or desktop and nothing happens? Sometimes another program might even run.
As in the previous case, this could be another type of problem, but at the very least it’s a
symptom that tells you that something is wrong.
4. I cannot connect to the Internet or it runs very slowly. Loss of Internet
communication is another common symptom of infection, although it could also be due
to a problem with your service provider or router. You might also have a connection that
runs much more slowly than usual. If you have been infected, the malware could be
connecting to a URL or opening separate connection sessions, thereby reducing your
available bandwidth or making it practically impossible to use the Internet.

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5. When I connect to the Internet, all types of windows open or the browser displays
pages I have not requested. This is another certain sign of infection. Many threats are
designed to redirect traffic to certain websites against the user’s will, and can even spoof
Web pages, making you think you are on a legitimate site when really you have been
taken to a malicious imitation.
6. Where have my files gone? Hopefully nobody will be asking this type of question,
although there are still some threats around designed to delete or encrypt information, to
move documents from one place to another… If you find yourself in this situation, you
really ought to start worrying…
7. Oh, oh… My antivirus has disappeared, my firewall is disabled… Another typical
characteristic of many threats is that they disable security systems (antivirus, firewall,
etc.) installed on computers. Perhaps if one thing shuts down it might just be a specific
software failure; but if all your security components are disabled, you are almost certainly
infected.
8. My computer is speaking a strange language. If the language of certain applications
changes, the screen appears back-to-front, strange insects start ‘eating’ the desktop… you
might just have an infected system.
9. Library files for running games, programs, etc. have disappeared from my
computer. Once again, this could be a sign of infection, although it could also be down
to incomplete or incorrect installation of programs.
10. My computer has gone mad… literally. If the computer starts acting on its own, you
suddenly find your system has been sending emails without your knowledge, Internet
sessions or applications open sporadically on their own… your system could be
compromised by malware

Types of viruses
Boot sector viruses
Boot sectors are areas on a floppy drive or hard disk in which you do not store information. It is
an area that the system uses to store system information like boot records and master boot
records
Program viruses.
Generally a program becomes active when it is executed and therefore, viruses tend to hide
within these programs so that they can replicate themselves whenever you run the program
Macro-viruses
These are viruses which attach themselves to word processing or spreadsheet document and
templates. These viruses can reduce the functionality of the word processor or spreadsheet.
Way of minimizing computer virus
1. Use ant-virus programs
2. Avoid sharing of floppy disks
3. Prevent unauthorized access by using passwords and login names
4. Locking computer rooms
5. Write protect disketes
Effects of computers on Health
Repetitive Strain injury

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Symptoms of RSI

1. Fatigue or lack of endurance

2. Weaknesses in the hands or forearms
3. Numbness
4. Lack of control or coordination
5. Chronically cold hands

Reducing the effects of RSI

1. Take regular breaks when working on a computer

2. Use good posture when typing. Good posture is when you are positioned in a way that
minimise the strain to your body
3. Exercising regularly. Include strengthening, stretching and aerobic exercises
4. Use an ergonomically optimised workstation to reduce strain on your body
5. Using key commands to operate in a widows environment rather than the mouse
6. Back and neck strengthening

Headaches

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Backing storage (back-up storage)

Refers to any non-volatile data storage that will retain a computer's data even after the
computer is powered off
Secondary Storage
refers to storage devices and media that are not constantly accessible by a computer system.
Examples include external hard drives, portable flash drives, CDs, and DVDs. ... Because
secondary storage technology is not always connected to the computer, it is commonly used for
backing up data.
Importance of back up storage
1. Enable system recovery when the computer crush
2. Enable data recovery after corruption
3. Files and data can be recovered after destroyed by natural hazards such as fire, water and
lighting
How to save files in a back up storage
You can save files in a backup storage device as follows
1. Select data which you want to back up.
2. RIGHT click
3. Click file
4. Click copy
5. Highlight the your back up device
6. Right click
7. Click paste
Or
1. Select folders or file you want to back up
2. Right click
3. Click Send to
4. Click the back up devices which you want to store your data
Creating a folder

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1. Right click on the desktop or an other locations of the computer

2. Click new
3. Click folder
4. Type the name of the folder
Creating a sub-folder
1. Open the folder in which you want to create a sub-folder
2. Right click on the desktop or an other locations of the computer
3. Click new
4. Click folder
5. Type the name of the folder

File Management
BIT
The bit is represented by 0 for OFF or 1 for ON. It is a binary digit. It is the smallest
unit of data the
computer can store in a database.
BYTE
A byte is a collection of bits. Each byte consists of eight bits. Each byte represents a
character.
CHARACTER
Is any letter, number, space, punctuation mark, or symbol that can be typed on a computer.

FIELD
Is a collection of related characters
RECORD
A record is a collection of related fields. Example : Each record stores data about a
students.
For example, a student record is a collection of fields about a student.

FILE
A file is a collection of related records. For example, a student file is a collection of
students’ records.

DATABASE
Is a collection of related files

Shutting down windows 10

[Link] Start
2. select Power
3. Shut down.
Sleep
[Link] Start
2. select Settings
[Link] System
4. Select Power & sleep

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5. Select Additional power settings.

Hibernate
[Link] Start
2. select Settings
[Link] System
4. Select Power & sleep
5. Select Additional power settings.

Computers Reuse, reduce and recycle with reference to the environment

Computers reuse and recycling is a great way to help conserve resources and natural materials. It
is important to make sure you are reusing and/or recycling electronics safely and correctly.
Electronic products are made from valuable resources and materials, including metals, plastics,
and glass, all of which require energy to mine and manufacture. Reusing or recycling consumer
electronics conserves our natural resources and avoids air and water pollution, as well as
greenhouse gas emissions that are caused by manufacturing virgin materials. For example
:Recycling one million laptops saves the energy equivalent to the electricity used by more than
3,500 US homes in a year.
Before reusing or Recycling Your Used Electronics. For your computer or laptop, consider
upgrading the hardware or software instead of buying a brand new product. Delete all personal
information from your electronics. Remove any batteries from your electronics, they may need to
be recycled separately.
HP Offers many free and convenient ways to recycle used Original HP ink and toner cartridges,
LaserJet maintenance parts and supplies, and Samsung toner cartridges

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COPS PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENTS AND TESTS

Question 1: Word Processing

1. Type the following document as it is, save it as Networks and print..[5]

THE BUS NETWORK

In a bus network, all the devices share a single communication cable. This is a typical topology
for a LAN. Information is transmitted in either direction between any computers on the network.
This means that when two computers want to use the line at the same time, there has to be some
method of deciding who gets the line first. For example, before a station begins to transmit, it
checks that the channel is not busy, if it is it has to wait before transmission can begin. Once it
begins transmission, it listens for other nodes also beginning transmission. If the transmitted
messages collide, both stations abort and wait a random period of time before trying again. This
technique is known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA-CD).

(Mesh.)6

A full mesh topology occurs when every node on the network has a separate wire connecting it to
every other node on the network. It provides each device with a point-to-point connection to every
other device in the network. A full mesh topology is redundant because if any one node of
connection fails, all remaining nodes can continue

2. Change the line spacing for the whole document to double line spacing. [1]
3. Apply art page borders around the document [1]
4. Apply your forename(s) as a footer and surname as the header on this document. [2]
5. Change the font size of headings to 20 and font style to Lucida Handwriting. [2]
6. Italicise the second paragraph [1]
7. Copy the title of the document and paste it below the document [2]
8. Insert a picture of a computer at the bottom right of the document. [2]
9. Drop cap the first character of every paragraph to 2 lines [2]
10. Apply a water mark “ networks” to your document [2]

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Question 2 . Below is a nitrogen cycle, create and design it as it is. [5]

Nitrogen in the

Nitrates Nitrogen in Animals

plants

Nitrates

Ammonium
compounds

QUESTION 3: SPREADSHEETS

SailThruPvt (Ltd) keeps its employee salary records in a spreadsheet as given below. The
rate/hr ($) is marked at $5.
A B C D E
1 Name Hrs Gross Pay Deductions NetPay
worked (12%)
2 Michlael 10
3 Sasha 15
4 Brendon 20
5 Gamuchirai 18
6 Rodney 14
7 Hazvinei 25
8
9
10 Highest gross
salary
Lowest gross
salary
Average Gross
Salary

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1. In Sheet 1 type the above worksheet. Save as Question 1 and print [2]
Using data in Sheet 1, perform the following:
2.
(i) Insert a new row above row 1 and type the words SAILTHRU SALARY RECORDS
in cell B1 (of the newly inserted row ) [1]
ii) Merge and centre cells A1 to F1 [1]
iii) Insert All boarders on all cells in the worksheet you have typed [1]
iv) Calculate the Gross Pay for each employee [2]
v) Calculate Deductions foreach employees [2]
vi) Calculate the NetPay for each employee [2]
vii) Calculate the Highest Gross Pay in cell D11 [2]
viii) Calculate the Lowest Gross Pay in cell D12 [2]
ix) Calculate the Average Gross Pay in cell D13 [2]
x. Format the column of hrs worked to 2 decimal places [1]
xi. Format the column of Gross Pay and NetPay to currency [2]
xii. Insert new column between Name and Hrs worked, rename it Employee No. [2]
xiii. Type the following Employee in their order in the inserted column:
00021; 00022; 00025; 00028; 00029; 00030 [2]
xiv. Delete the row with the record for Sasha [1]
xv. Sort all employee records in ascending order of Netpay [1]
xvi. RenameSheet1 to EMPLOYEE SALARIES. (Use a dump screen to prove this) [2]
xvii. Save it as Question 2 and print the worksheet

xviii. a) Display formulas in the worksheet [1]

b) Save as Question 3 and print on landscape [1]

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QUESTION 4: DATABASE

6. The school has decided to computerise information about its students and has requested to
do this task.
d) Create and save a database called STUDENTDATABASE [2]
e) StudNumb is to be used as the primary key (provide screen dump as proof) [1]
f) Create the table using information given below in the database you have created, type all
the records and save the table as Student File and print [5]
Surname First Name StudNumb Sex Date of Amount Units
Birth
Buzuzi Farai 0128474H M 01/01/99 $350 10
Muusha Flavia 0218474G M 01/01/00 $290 4
Mangere Rutendo 0264774F M 01/01/98 $299 5
Mtetwa Natasha 0321857B F 09/08/97 $321 6
Muzomba Lister 0885767B M 01/05/97 $320 6
Manzvera Tapiwa 0509587K M 05/05/01 $397 7
Aphiri Destiney 0645476P M 01/01/01 $309 4
Dube Munyaradzi 0647464P M 01/01/99 $400 9
Kaunda Faith 0837635V F 01/01/01 $290 6
Dzimba Eddie 0890234R M 06/11/96 $366 5

7. Save the Student File as Sorted Student File and sort the Sorted Student File records in
descending order of their Units and print it. [1]
8. Save the Student File as Modified Student File and perform the following on the
ModifiedStudent File table
d) Rename the field Amount to AmountPaid [1]
e) Delete the record of MuushaFlavian [1]
f) Add a record of Mapfumo Isaac, StudentNumber 0300978G, Female, born on
01/06/1999, paid $305 and has 4 units, Print it [1]
9. Using the Sorted Student file, perform the following
b) Create a Columnar Form and name its form header as Sorted Student Form [2]

10. Using the Student File table, perform the following:

d) Create a Select Query that will only display records of students whose Surname start
with M. Name it SurnameM Query [2]

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e) Create a Select Query that display records of students who were born after 1998 whose
amount is more than $300.00. Name is DateBornand amount Query [2]
f) Create a Select Query that displays record of students who have more than 5 units or
whose amount is less than $305.00. Name it Units or amount query [2]

b) Create a report, in tabular and landscape form, that will display all records in the
SurnameM Query and name it SurnameM Report [3]

b) Create a report called All RecordsReport that will have all records in the Student File
but excluding the FirstName and Sex fields on it [2]

QUESTION 5: DESKTOP PUBLISHING

Your local church is hosting a crusade. As a computer specialist, you are tasked to design a flyer
to be used to advertise the event. The flyer must include the following information: [10]

g. Hosting church
h. Hosting Pastor
i. Guest Speaker
j. Venue
k. Time
l. Dates

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QUESTION 6: POWERPOINT

1. Imagine you have been asked to make a presentation on buying a house. You will need the
following six slides:
Introduction

Types of housing

Costing

House pictures

[Link] an introductory first slide with the title of the presentation, your name and a suitable
picture. All the other slides should have a title taken from the above list.

3. On slide 2, add a bulleted list of different types of housing, e.g bungalows, flats, semi-
detached or detached houses, with a note about any pros and cons, e.g no stairs, if this type of
property is cheap or not, any gardens to maintain, the view etc.

4. On slide 3, include the following data as a chart titled Average Costs:

Year Solicitors Surveyors Banks
1980 $300 $80 $450
1990 $440 $186 $680
2000 $578 $245 $890

5. On slide 4, add suitable drawings or pictures to illustrate the topic, and include relevantly
worded text boxes or Wordart objects, e.g tiring, cups of tea, where’s the dogs? New neighbours,
etc.

6. Save and print a copy of all the slides on one sheet.

10 marks

QUESTION 7: WORD PROCESSING

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MAIL MERGE

MrsAli Aziz is preparing letters to be sent to all 6 candidates who applied for various job in
the school. He has typed a letter template as shown below. He wants to finalize the letters
by inserting address, the name, the position of job applied, and the date and time of the
interview for each candidate.
1. a) Use the table below and create 5 records and 6 fields [10]

NAME STREET TOWN JOB DATE TIME

Dian Lee 213 High Cape Town Teacher 13 October 10:30
Street
John Phiri 5 Bay Street Harare Clerk 14 October 11:00
Nee 12 Esigodini Bulawayo Landscape 20 October 10:30
Kantam Road man
Riya Brown 10 Queens Masvingo Receptionist 17 October 11:30
Park
Rudo 17 Mutare Typist 23 October 12:00
Milton Parkstone
Road

b) Create the main document using the following details. [5]

c) Merge 5 documents [5]

(Candidate’s address)

Dear (Candidate’s Name)

Thank you for applying for the post of (Job) with our school.

This letter is to confirm your interview for the position. Your interview has been scheduled
for (Date) at (Time) in the Administration building of our school.

Please bring all the original of the certificates which you have mentioned in your application
form. Please note that if you do not appear for this interview, we will conclude that you are
not available for this position. Please contact me at clerk@[Link] if you have any
further questions.

Sincerely,
Mr Ali Aziz
Clerk Administration
Fair Angle School
QUESTION 8: SPREADSHEET

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1.

A B C D E
1 Student Test 1 Test 2 Pass/Fail
2 Deke T 90 31
3 Kaswaya H 48 23
4 Mtetwa N 97 79
5 Maisiri P 96 69
6 Makoto D 78 88
7 Makuyana E 31 45
8 Maximum
9 Minimum
10 Average
Type the above worksheet in Sheet1 and Save it as Test1 [4]

2. i) Insert all borders on all cells in the worksheet you created [2]
ii) Format the data items in Test 1 column to 2 decimal points [2]
iii) Insert a new row above labels (Student, Test 1, Test 2 …) and type the text ‘Form 4
Coursework Marks’ in cell B1 [2]
iv) Merge and centre cells B1:E1 [2]
v) Format the data in merge cells to font type Comic Sans MS [2]
vi)Change the font size of the inserted heading to size 23 [2]
vii)Calculate the value of cell D3 using a user define formula [2]
viii) Use the logical formula to calculate the answer in Cell E2 [2]
ix) Calculate the value in cell B9:D9, B10:D10 and B11:D11 [3]
x) Use the drag down or fill handle to copy formula in cells D3 and E3 to cell ranges in cell
D4:D8 and to E4:E8 respectively [2]
xi) Create a line graph indicating each student mark for Test 1 and Test 2 [1]
a) The chart heading is Form 4 Coursework Graph [1]
b) Clearly and accurately label the y- and x-axis of the graph [2]
c) The legend should be at the boom of the graph [1]
d) Save it as Test 2
xii) Print all the saved worksheets (Test 1 and Test 2) [1]
30 marks

QUESTION 9: DATABASE

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1. Create a new Jobs database and design the following table and save as Job Details [3]

Field Names Data Types

Employer Text
Job Text
Salary Currency
Location Text
Contact Text
Closing Date Date

2. Enter the following details into the table and print it. [3]
Employer Job Salary Location Contact Closing Date
Connell Sales £18,000.00 Oxford 0186576333 20/02/02
St. Mary’s RE Teacher £23,000.00 Milton Keynes 0184422366 15/02/02
Hedges Secretary £16,500.00 Oxford 0186556699 01/03/02
Mango Administrator £17,500.00 Oxford 0186544455 20/02/02
Builbase Sales £24,000.00 Witney 0199323111 03/03/02
Garsington Education Officer £14,000.00 Abingdon 0123522288 14/02/02

3. Sort the records starting with the highest paid employee and print screen.[3]
4. Create a query to display only Oxford location. Save and print a copy of the query. [2]

5. Delete Milton Keynes record entirely and increase the salary for Hedges to £17,950. [2]
6. Add the following two records:
Beaumont House, Care Assistant, £12,500, Abingdon, 0123544777, 14/2/02
Gateway Hotel, 2nd Chef, £19,000, Witney, 0199322134, 5/3/02
Print the resulting table. [2]
7. Design a report to show all fields except Contact. Print the report in Landscape. [2]
8. Design a form which shows all records, insert any picture and print [5]
9. Create a query named Salaries to extract Salaries which are less than or equal to 23000
and print screen [3]

25 marks

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QUESTION 10: PRESENTATION

1. Using the presentation package available at your school, draw an organogram of your school
from the school head to the school prefect. [10]

QUESTION 11: MICROSOFT PUBLISHER

Your elder sister just got married and you are tasked to design a wedding bell invitation card for
her wedding. [10]

10 marks

QUESTION 12: WORD PROCESSING

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TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

Based on the theory of reasoned Action, Davis (1986) developed the Technology Acceptance
Model which deals more specifically with the prediction of the acceptability of an information
system. The purpose of this model is to predict the acceptability of a tool and to identify the
modifications which must be brought to the system in order to make it acceptable to users. This
model suggests that the acceptability of an information system is determined by two main factors:
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

Perceived usefulness is defined as being the degree to which a person believes that the use of a
system will improve his performance. Perceived ease of use refers to the degree to which a person
believes that the use of a system will be effortless. Several factorial analyses demonstrated that
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use can be considered as two different dimensions
(Hauser et Shugan, 1988; Larcker et Lessig, 1980; Swanson, 1987).

Forms of technology

1. Communication technology
2. Telecommunication
3. Information and Communication Technology

Importance of Technology
1 Easy communication Cheap
2 Fast communication Connect with friends

Questions

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a. Type the above paragraphs as they are and save as technology. [7]

b. Split paragraph 2 into 2 columns with a line in-between [3]

c. Change case of paragraph 1 to Toggle case [1]

d. Change the numbering in paragraph 3 to bullets of your choice [1]

e. Insert word art of your choice at the end of the document. [2]

f. Insert a right aligned footer of your name using font size 10 [3]

g. Underline and italicise the word Perceived in the paragraphs [2]

h. Insert a relevant picture at the top of your document. [2]

i. Embolden the heading [1]

j. Insert any symbol of your choice between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. [1]

25 marks

QUESTION 13: SPREADSHEET

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Items Quantity Unit Total Discount Price to be

Price Price paid

Memory stick 5 $8 ******** ******** ********

DVD 10 $150 ******** ******** ********

Monitor 7 $100 ******** ******** ********

Keyboard 15 $7 ******** ******** ********

Printer 3 $400 ******** ******** ********

Mouse 20 $5 ******** ******** ********

Total ********

NB If the total price is greater than $150, a 20% discount is given and if total price is less
than $150, 5% discount is given.

Questions

a. Create the above worksheet as it is and print. [5]

b. Calculate the following and print
(i) Total price for all the items. [6]
(ii) Discount for all items. [6]
(iii) Price to be paid for all items. [6]
(iv) Total for price to be paid [1]
c. Create a well labelled column graph using the Item and Price to be paid columns and
print. [5]
d. Display all the formulas and print on landscape [1]
30 marks
QUESTION 14: DATABASE

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1. Create a database called SalesDatabaseand save. [2].

SalesRecordsTable
ItemCode ItemName LastPurchaseDate UnitPrice QtySold QtyInStock
00002 Asbestos Sheets 12/01/15 $25.00 6 15
00003 Iron Sheets 16/02/15 $11.00 9 10
00004 Fertiliser 09/03/15 $32.00 6 17
00005 Cement 08/01/15 $ 9.00 10 21
000010 Door Frame 14/01/15 $18.00 9 5
000015 Window Frame 15/02/15 $27.00 8 18
000022 Door 01/10/15 $20.00 7 4
a) Design and create the above table [3]

b) i) Create a duplicate table and name it Sorted Sales Records, and sort its records

in ascending order of QtySold and print it. [3]

ii) Move the QtyInstock column in the Sorted Sales Records so that it is now
immediately after the ItemName field [2]
iii) Delete the record of 00015 from the Sorted Sales Records table and print the
Sorted Sales Records table. [2]

c) Create a columnar form using Sales Record table and name it SalesEntries Form [2]

d) Create a query from the Sales Records table, that displays all records of items whose
name start with the letter C. Print the query result [2]

e) A report, in tabular and landscape form, that will display all records in the Sort Sales
Records table. Insert a picture at the top right corner of the report you created and print
it. [3]

f) A report named After2015 that displays items purchased after January 2015 and print it
[2]

g) A report with all records in the Sales Records table excluding the following fields:
ItemCode and QtyInStock and are sorted in ascending order of ItermName, Print the
report [4] 30 marks

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QUESTION 15: DESKTOP PUBLISHING

2. a) Create a varsity design calendar showing one month of your choice [7]
b) Set calendar dates to 2017. [1]
c) Highlight holiday dates [1]
c) Print the calendar on A4 landscape [1]

10 marks

QUESTION 16: POWERPOINT

1. Your parents have decided to throw a party for your elder sister who has just graduated from a
local university. You are tasked to create a presentation for the function.
a. Your presentation must have the following slides, a text slide, a slide with a table, a slide with a
picture and a slide with a graph.

10 marks

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COPS THEORY ASSIGNMENT 1

QUESTION 1
The diagram below represents the main components of a general purpose computer :

A
B C

i. Label the parts A, B, C and D [4]

ii. Giving an example explain the function of each labeled part [8]

QUESTION 2
Choose an appropriate method of entering data for the following situations or applications, in
each case justify your answer
a) Marking multiple choice examination scripts [2]
b) Computer Aided Design [2]
c) Retail outlet [2]
d) Getting quality coloured images into a Desktop Publisher system [2]
e) Reading cheques in a bank [2]
f) Production of a music sheet from a music keyboard [2]

QUESTION 3
Name the application software for each of the following file extensions
i) .ppt
ii) .doc
iii) .dbs
iv) .xls
v) .pub [5]

QUESTION 4
ROM and RAM are both types ofcomputer memory
i. What does ROM stand for? [1]
ii. What does RAM stand for? [1]

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iii. Tick one box next to each item to show whether the statement applies to ROM
or RAM [3]

ROM RAM
a. Contents are lost whenthe computer is turned off
b. Contents are not lost when the computer isturned off
c. Stores the programs needed to start the computer

QUESTION 5
a. State any 3 sections of the keyboard [3]
b. Describe the function of each of the following keyboard keys [5]
i. Tab key
ii. Arrow keys
iv. Shift key
v. Capslock
vi. Delete key

QUESTION 6
i. Explain the difference between direct access and serial access files. [2]
ii. State two advantages of each type of file mentioned above. [4]
iii. Give two advantages of hard disk over floppy disk [2]

TOTAL 50 MARKS

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COPS THEORY ASSIGNMENT 1 Answers

QUESTION 1
i. A - input devices

B - processor
C- output devices
D-storage device
[4]

ii. Example 1 mark explanation 1 mark [8]

QUESTION 2
Method of entering data for the following situations/applications
a) Marking multiple choice examination scripts and justifying answer
 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) or Mark-sense reader
o Consistent in identifying marked data
o More accurate than keying in data
o Fewer/limited input errors - more accurate than keying in data
o Fast input of large volumes marked data – documents fed automatically without user input
b) Computer Aided Design
 GUI friendly input device e.g. mouse, trackball, light pen, puck used with graphic tablet
o Easier to control or manipulate when drawing
c) Retail outlet
 Bar code reader/scanner/light pen/magnetic stripe reader/smart card reader
o Fast input of data/quick entry of data
o Fewer input errors – accuracy in data entry

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 o For bar code readers, magnetic stripe readers and smart card readers – there is greater security to
data during entry – data cannot be altered
d) Getting coloured images into Desktop Publisher
 Digital camera/Scanner/Web cam
o Designed to produce quality images/pictures as they are
o For digital and web cameras ,high quality coloured images input in digital form – no need for film
development/conversion
e) Reading checks in banks
 Magnetic Character Recognition (MICR)
o Greater security to data – data cannot be altered
o Faster input of data/faster data entry
o Reduction in errors/fewer input/transcription errors – no manual input.
f) Production of music sheet from music keyboard
 Digital keyboard with Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
o Provides communication link between musical instruments and computer to enable digital storage of
music data
o Allows sounds from musical instruments to be digitally stored by computer
o Any musical instrument can be simulated – removes the need for physical musical instruments.

QUESTION 3
i. Presentation [1]
ii. Word processor [1]
iii. Database [1]
iv. Spreadsheet [1]
v. Publisher [1]
(Oran exampleof the package)

QUESTION 4
i. Read Only Memory [1]
ii. Random Access Memory [1]
iii. a. RAM [1]
b. ROM [1]
c. ROM [1]

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QUESTION 5
a. numeric pad, alphanumeric , Edit keys ( special keys ), cursor control keys, arrow keys [3]
b. i. Tab key -To move the cursor in blocks
ii. Arrow keys - to move the cursor in the direction of the arrow within a created document
iii. Shift Key – activates the top row characters, to select when used in conjunction with arrows, to
type capital letters when the caps lock is off and vice versa
iv. Caps lock –activates or deactivates uppercase
v. Delete -removes characters to the right side ofthe cursor [5]

QUESTION 6
a. Difference between direct access and serial access
i. Direct access - the process of storing or retrieving data items without having to search
through other stored items first or random access on disk storage where records
are retrieved without reading through preceding records by using an addressing system.
Serial access – the process of storing or retrieving data items by first reading through all
records to locate the required record.
ii. Advantages of
Direct access.
o Faster retrieval of data – data not in processing order.
o Several files can be processed and updated at the same time.
o No need to sort transaction before storage
o Amendments and updates can be made to individual records quickly and on demand –
records updated in situ/in place
Serial access
o Efficient when high proportion of records are processed in order.
o Low-cost medium (magnetic tape) can be used.

b. Advantages of hard disk over floppy disk.

 Greater storage capacity – stores more data
 Faster data access speed – fast retrieval of data
 More robust/stronger/sturdier
 More secure from theft or loss – kept inside the computer box/cabinet.

TOTAL 50 MARKS

99
 COPS THEORYASSIGNMENT 2
QUESTION 1
Define the following terms and giveONE example of each
i. Application software [2]
ii. System software [2]

QUESTION 2
a. “Hacking” is where someone gains illegal access to a computer system. This is usually done using a
remote terminal or microcomputer.

Describe three ways in which computer hackers might do more harm than an office burglar.
[3]
b. i. List four symptoms which may indicate a possible virus attack. [4]
ii. List four ways of preventing virus attack. [4]

QUESTION 3
a) Microsoft office uses various toolbars and controls to accomplish various tasks. Draw and label the
icons that represent the following: [5]

i. Copy
ii. Sort ascending
iii. Redo
iv. Left alignment
v. cut
b) Explain the 5 advantages of using word processing software over a manual writing system when
preparing academic work [5]

100
QUESTION 4
A spreadsheet has been designed to calculate the fuel economy for 6 cars:
A B C D
1 Car Distance (km) Fuel used (litres) Economy (km/litre)
2 1 48 4 12
3 2 160 9 17.8
4 3 70 4.5 15.6
5 4 200 20 10
6 5 150 33 4.5
7 6 300 15 20.5
8 Average economy 13.3
9 Best economy 20
i. What formula is in cell D2 to calculate the economy for car 1? [1]
ii. What formula is in cell D8 to calculate the average economy for all 6 cars? [1]
iii. What formula is in cell D9 to calculate the best (highest) economy? [1]
b. If cell B7 was changed to 200, which cells would be automatically updated? [3]
c. Fuel economy is often given in litres per 100 km. Column E is to be added
to the spreadsheet to contain these new economy values.
What formula needs to be in E7 to find the economy of car 6 in litres per 100 km? [2]

QUESTION 5
a. Identify the two types of network topologies shown in fig 1 [2]

i) ii)
Fig 1
b. Illustrate a star network topology and state where it is commonly used [3]

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QUESTION 6

a. Describe two ways of reducing the risk of RSI. [2]

b. Thereare sometimes safety risks associated with the use of computers. State any three risks and describe how
they can be minimised. [3]

QUESTION 7
a. Explain any two uses of the Internet. [2]
b. The Internet is widely used in schools.
i. Give one problem or danger which might occur when pupils have unsupervised access to the Internet
[1]
ii. How can this problem or danger be prevented.
[1]
c. State any three equipment needed for connection to the internet. [3]

TOTAL 50 MARKS

102
 COPS THEORY ASSIGNMENT2 Answers
QUESTION 1
i. Application software
- programs with associated documentation used to solve a particular problem.
- programs that specify the information processing activities require for the completion of
specific tasks of computer users
Examples
Spreadsheets
Word processing
Databases etc.
Definition 1mark,example 1 mark [2]

ii. Systems software

- Programs with associated documentation that controls the way the computer operates
- Programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing
activities
Examples
-translator programs
-operating systems
-utilities and service programs
-database management systems
Definition 1mark,example 1 mark [2]

QUESTION 2
a. Ways in which hackers can do more harm than office burglars
 Changing passwords
 Encrypting/scrambling computer data
 Deleting/corrupting/changing computer software/data

 Committing computer fraud /fraudulent transfer of funds from company/personal accounts

 Exposing company secrets/employee personal data
 Stealing information/using stolen information for blackmailing purposes
 Introducing computer viruses to computer systems [3]
b. i. Symptoms of possible virus attack
 Programs taking too much time to load/open/respond
 Difficulties in opening/closing files
 Accessing the disk takes a long time
 Malfunction of hardware e.g. hard disk crash
 Appearance of strange or irrelevant error messages or screen displays
 Change in file sizes [4]
 Memory becoming full without explanation
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  Bad sectors on hard disk from nowhere
 Drive lights blinking without reason/increased disk activity
 Failure to boot
 Computer freezes
 Self-data encryption
 Computer rebooting/restarting unnecessarily
 Operating system tasks being altered

ii. Ways of preventing virus attack

 Use of diskless terminals

 Use of firewalls
 Avoiding Internet downloads
 Use of anti-spyware

 Use of memory- resident anti-virus software/programs

 Use of diskettes/CDs from reliable sources/avoiding pirated software/foreign disks
Avoiding opening suspicious e-mail attachments or e-mails from untrusted sources [4]

QUESTION 3 a.
i. Switches pages between landscape and potrait layouts
ii. alphabetise the selected text or sort numeric data in ascending or descending order
iii. aligns texts to the left
iv. repeats an operation
v. Cuts the selected work and puts it on the clipboard [5]

b.
MS word has the following features which do not exist in manual writing systems
 Word-wrap
 cursor control
 editing
 Formatting
 spell-check
 Thesaurus
 Macros
 Printing
 file management
 mail merge printing
[5]

QUESTION 4

i. = (B2/C2) [1]
ii. = sum (D2:D7)/6 or = average (D2:D7) [1]
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iii. = max (D2: D7) [1]
b. D7, D8 [3]
c. = (C7/B7)*100 [2]

QUESTION 5
[1]
a. i. Bus
ii. ring [1]

[2]
 many home networks use the star topology [1]

QUESTION 6
a. any two correct answers
 Designing workstations for a neutral wrist position (using a wrist rest to support the wrist),
 Proper monitor stands, and footrests all contribute to proper posture and reduced RSI.
 New, ergonomically correct keyboards are also an option. [2]
 Frequent rest breaks and rotation of employees to different jobs.
(b) Any 3 correct answers [3]
 Trailing cables place cables inside or under the carpet
 Overloaded power sockets never plug too many cables in a power socket
Spilt drinks or food keep drinks and food away from computers.

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QUESTION7

a. Uses of internet
 Information browsing  File transfer (FTP)/file/programs
 E-mail communication downloads /e-scabbing
 Newsgroups
 Access and use of other computers (telnet) – enables a user to of one computer to become a user of
another computer across the network
 Entertainment
 E-commerce/e-conferencing/e-shopping/e-banking/e-government
 Social communication through social networks e.g. Facebook.
b. i. Problems/dangers of the Internet in Schools.
 Access to unsafe sites e.g. access to pornographic websites or being exposed to violence.
 Downloading of viruses  Being subjected to abuse
ii. Prevention of problems/dangers
 Setting filters on or blocking unsafe sites
 Use of anti-virus software to guard against virus downloads

c. A multimedia PC, A MODEM, telephone connection, an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
[3]

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COPS THEORY TEST 1

QUESTION 1

Complete the following statements with the appropriate term from the list below

a. Based on operating principles, computers can be classified into.................

,.................... and.......................
b. .......................... are the smallest but most important category of general-purpose
computers
c. The ......... is a hand held input device.
d. Peripherals are devices or pieces of equipment outside of the...............
e. Two main components of the main memory are ............. and..................
f. ................ Comprises of all physical equipment.
g. ................ is used to capture data into the computer. [10]

Input device, micro computers, hybrid, laptop, mouse, digital, hardware, analogue, ROM,
touch pad, RAM, CPU

QUESTION 2
Describe the following terms as they are used in word processing
i. Orphan [2]
ii. WIMP [2]
iii. Page break [2]
iv. Word wrap [2]
v. Soft return [2]

QUESTION 3
a. Define the following terms, citing examples [8]
[Link] engine
ii. Surfing
[Link]
iv. Anti-virus

b. Many countries have data protection legislation. Recommend any two rules for the
legislation. [2]

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QUESTION 4
Graphical user interfaces are very popular interfaces that are used with computers,
mobile phones and other portable devices
a. Give three features of a Graphical User Interface [3]
b. List two advantages of using G.U.I [2]
c. Other than GUI give any other 2 types of a user interface [2]
d. Give three functions of an operating systems [3]

QUESTION 5
Give and explain any five conditions ideal for an optimum operation of users and maximum
performance of machines in computer room
[10]

QUESTION 6
a. Give two uses of the following application packages
i. Desktop Publishing
ii. Spreadsheet
iii. Database [6]
b. Explain the following terms as used in spreadsheets [2]
i. Label
ii. Value
c. What do the terms field and record mean as used in a database [2]

QUESTION 7
a. Differentiate the following terms as used in computers by giving and fully explaining
two distinct reasons.
i. Data and Information [4]
ii. Impact and Non Impact printers [4]
b. Give any two attributes of good information [2]

QUESTION 8
Computers can affect the health of users.
i. Name any five known side effects of computers on users [5]
ii. Of the named side effects in (i) outline a corrective measure for each [5]

QUESTION 9
Explain a, e, f, i andj ; expand the rest,as used in computers
a) Bluetooth
b) VLSI
c) DVD
d) USB
e) Posture
f) Intelligent terminal
g) EEPROM
h) LCD
i) Micro computer
j) Light pen [10]

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QUESTION 10
a. Why is it important to secure data on a computer [2]
b. Outline any 3 measures that can be used to prevent data theft [3]
c. Describe teleworking [1]
d. Give two advantages of teleworking for the employer [2]
e. Give two advantages of teleworking for the employee [2]

TOTAL 100 MARKS

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COPS THEORY TEST Answers

QUESTION 1
a. Hybrid, analogue, digital
b. Micro computer
c. Mouse
d. CPU
e. RAM and ROM
f. Hardware
g. Input device [10]

QUESTION 2
i. Orphan: this is the last part of a document that can occupy the first part of a page.
ii. Wimp :window Icon Mouse Pointer
iii. Page break : it is used for separating /creation of pages
iv. Word wrap :is when the computer automatically moves the word to the next line
v. Soft return: is the automatic movement of the cursor to the next line. [10

QUESTION 3
a. i. Search engine
-Is an interactive tool to help people to locate information via the world
wide web
-it is an interface between the user and the underlying database
-Alta vista Exite, Lycos, Google, Yahoo, Ask [2]

ii. Surfing
- is the process of visiting different websites on the internet hosted by various
organisations
-explain any typical situation [2]

iii. Browser
- is the internet client software that acts on an interface between the user and the
inner workings of the internet, specifically the WWW
-examples internet explorer, Firefox, Opera Mini, Netscape, Google Chrome, Lynx
[2]

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iv. Anti-virus
- Program to detect and to remove computer viruses
- examples Avast, Esset, Norton, Doctor Solomon
[2]

b. Data Protection Act Legislation

 Personal data must be obtained and processed fairly and lawfully
 Personal data must be held for specified purposes
 Personal data must be relevant and adequate
 Data held must be accurate and up to date
 Data must not be kept any longer than is necessary and must be deleted
immediately after serving its purpose.
 Subject has a right to inspect data held and cause correction of incorrect data
 Data must be secured from illegal/unauthorized access
 Data must not be used for any reason incompatible with its original purpose [2]

QUESTION 4
a. features
- icons
- pointer
- menus
- windows
- pointing devices
[3]
b. advantages
- user friendly
- online help
- easy to learn
- novices can easily learn it [2]

c. Command Driven interface, Menu Driven, Forms and Dialogue boxes, Natural
language, WIMP interface [2]
d. functions of the operating systems
- interrupt handling
-User interface
-Resource allocating
- Error detecting
-File management
-Etc [3]

QUESTION 5
Stating one mark, explanation one mark
- air conditioner- which control the room temperature and humidity levels
- dust free – dust is the biggest killer of hard drives

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- no carpets , they catch fire easily

- no magnetic materials should be in the computer room
- not exposed to direct sunlight, make use of curtains or blinds
- burglar bars , alarm systems or guarded 24 hours to ensure security
- surge protectors , to guide against electrical faults and high voltages
- UPS incase of power failure which may be fatal
[10]
QUESTION 6
i. Desktop Publishing:
- also known as DTP) is the creation of documents using page layoutsoftware on a
personal computer.
USES:
- Graphic Design.
- Education.
- Business.
- Crafts and Personal Projects.

ii. Spreadsheet:
- A spreadsheet is a computer application with tools that increase the user's
productivity in capturing, analyzing, and sharing tabular data sets.

USES:
- Lists • You can create lists, from shopping lists to contact lists, on a spreadsheet.
- Maintaining personal or professional contacts allows you to sort by every field.
- Accounting
- invaluable calculators.
- Time Sheets
- Database Use
- Chart Creation
iii. Database:
- A database is a collection of data arranged for easy and quick searching and
retrieval.
-

USES:
- Forms Database programs include report creation functions.
- Reports allow users to manipulate their data in numerous ways.
- Users can insert functions into reports to help in analyzing the data.
- Report creation Database software provides users with features to organize their
information simply and specifically

1 marks for each use [6]

b. i. Label [1]
- Row title or column title.

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ii. Value [1]

• When a cell contains a formula, the resulting number shown on the screen is called a value.
c. Field : is the smallest collection of data that has meaning e.g. name, surname etc Record: is
a collection of logically related set of fields. [2]
QUESTION 7
i. Data and Information [4]
Data: Information:
Raw facts and figures Processed data that has meaning
Cannot be used for decision making and control Used for decision making and
control
It is used as input into the computer system It is the output of a computer system

ii. Impact and Non Impact printers [4]

Impact printer Non Impact printer
Makes contact with the paper when printing Does not make contact with
paper
cannot print graphics and colour Print graphics and colour
Uses cartridge Uses toner

b. any two of the following 1 mark each [2]

• Relevant • Timely • Understandable • Precise and concise • Accurate • Reliable • Not
ambiguous • detailed

QUESTION 8
problem 1 mark, corrective measure 1 mark [10]
Problem Area: Lower back Pain Causes: Wrong type of chair or desk, Right chair an desk but
wrong posture, Sitting on the edge of the chair, sitting with all the weight on one buttock by
sitting cross legged. Corrective Measures: Always go for a chair that has a mechanism for
lowering and raising the height of the backrest. Never buy a computer chair that has arms
rest.
Problem Area: Neck Pain Causes: While typing when one is moving the neck up and down, left
and right too much it causes neck pain. Use of wrong type of glasses (like bifocals), Height of
screen. It may sound strange to some of you but some people sit on the computer with
mouthpiece of phone hanging around their neck. This casual attitude is not cool at all!
Corrective Measures: A document holder is a must to restrict neck movement. Take opticians
advice and go for special glasses that you can use while in front of the computer. Screen’s
height should be adjusted parallel to eyesight – not too high and not too low.
Problem Area: Pain In Wrists & Fingers Causes: Height of the chair not adjusted properly. If
you have bought the right chair you might a well make use of it! Striking the keys too hard.
Mouse is not close to the body. Corrective Measures: Height of the chair should make a
perfect L between the shoulder, elbow and wrist. This ensures fingers and keys or mouse are
at a perfect horizontal. Clicking finger is also horizontal for that perfect wrist support. Mouse
should be placed right in front of the shoulder, close to our body.
Problem Area: Strain In the Eyes Causes: Glare from monitor, sun glare directly coming in
straight on to the monitor from windows, lighting arrangement of the room are some causes
that put strain on the eyes. Corrective Measures: The correct thing to do is to place the
computer table between lights and not directly under them. The best alternative is to switch

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off the overhead light and switch on the angle poise lamp. Ask your optician to put slight tint
coat on your glasses. Adjust monitor’s contrast and brightness. Make sure the distance is
right. Opt for a 17inch SVGA or XGA screen

QUESTION 9
a. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging
data over short distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from
24002480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with
high levels of security
b. VLSI - VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION
c. DVD - DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC
d. USB - UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
[Link] - The sitting position of a computer user.
f. Intelligent terminal: Intelligent terminals include memory and a processor to perform
special display operations. In contrast, a dumb terminal has no processing capabilities; it
must rely entirely on the central computer. A smart terminal has some processing
capabilities, but not as much as an intelligent terminal.
g. EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
h. LCD - LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
i. Micro computer: The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal
computer (PC), or a computer that depends on a microprocessor. Microcomputers are
designed to be used by individuals, whether in the form of PCs, workstations or notebook
computers. A microcomputer contains a central processing unit (CPU) on a microchip (the
microprocessor), a memory system (typically read-only memory and random access
memory), a bus system and I/O ports, typically housed in a motherboard.
j. Light pen: A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used
in conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor. It allows the user to point to
displayed objects or draw on the screen in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater
positional accuracy. It was long thought that a light pen can work with any CRT-based display

QUESTION 10
a. – to reduce the risk of corruption and or loss
- to make sure it is only accessed by authorized users [2]
b. measures
- valid user name
- passwords to gain data
- restricted entry [3]
c. teleworking is a method of working in which an employee works from a remote
office or from home using telecommunication links [1]
d. advantages to employer
- need no furniture and building for all its office staff

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- cheap to manage resources [2]

e. advantages to employee
- does not spend money and time travelling
- work can be fitted around other commitments [2]

TOTAL 100 MARKS

MS Word, Excel,Access, Publisher, PowerPoint, Theory and Hands fmaruvaa@[Link] 0783128817