1. Explain in detail about Hospital.

Introduction

The word "hospital "derived from the Latin word hospitalis which in turn derived from french word
"hospes" that means" a host or a guest"

A hospital is a health care institution providing treatment to patients with specialized staff and
equipment. Hospitals are institutions, which are mainly designed for care for the sick, injured and well.

Definition

According to WHO, “A hospital is an institution which is scientifically & economically organized for
prevention, diagnosis & treatment of diseases”. The teaching hospitals have facilities for the teaching
& training of medical & paramedical students & trainers. Hospital may be operated by the government
or private agencies.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS

Hospitals are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary based on bed capacity.

1. Primary hospital

 Primary hospital is typically a hospital that contains less than 100 beds
They are tasked with providing preventive care, minimal health care and rehabilitation
services.
 They are a basic level of contact between individuals and families with the healthy system
 They include general practitioners, family physicians and physiotherapist.The basic services
provided by them are immunization, maternal and child health services, curative care services
and prevention of diseases are provided by PHC.
 The staff in PHC includes a medical officer, a staff nurse and paramedical support staff

2. Secondary hospital

 Secondary hospitals are preferred with a medium size city, country or district and contain
more than 100 beds but less than 500.
 They are responsible for providing complete health services and medical education and also
conduct research on regional basis.
 These hospitals include cardiologists, urologists, dermatologists and other such specialists.
The services are provided by medical specialists.
 The services include acute care, short period stay in hospital emergency department for
brief but serious illness.
 There may be providers who remain in contact but do not work in hospitals such as
psychiatrists, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists etc.
 District hospitals and community health centres at the block level are the examples
of secondary hospitals

3. Tertiary hospitals

 These are comprehensive or general hospitals of the city at national or provincial level with the
bed capacity exceeding 500.
 They are responsible for providing specialist health services and play a vital role with regard to
medical education and scientific research and they also serve as a medical hub providing care
to multiple regions.
 The Patients are admitted into these centers on a referral from primary or secondary health
professionals.
 They offer personnel facility as well as facilities for advanced medical investigation and
treatment.
  They provide advanced diagnostic support services, specialized intensive care and special
services such as neurosurgery, cancer management, cardiac surgery etc that cannot be provided
by primary and secondary health centres.
 The examples of tertiary hospitals include 3 medical colleges and advanced medical research
institutes.

Classification based on clinical and non-clinical basis

A. On Clinical Basis

1. Types of disease

(i) TB hospitals.

(ii) Mental hospitals.

(iii) Leprosy hospitals.

(iv) Cancer hospitals.

2. Types of patient

(i) Gynaecological hospitals.

(ii) Maternity hospitals.

(iii) Pediatric hospitals.

3. Types of medicine

(i) Allopathic hospitals.

(ii) Ayurvedic hospitals.

(iii) Homeopathic hospitals.

(iv) Unani hospitals.

(v) Nature-cure centers

(vi) Physiotherapy centers

4. Types of organ

(i) ENT hospitals.

(ii) Eye hospitals.

(iii) Orthopaedic hospitals.

(iv) Kidney hospitals.

B. On Non-Clinical Basis

1. On the basis of ownership

(a) Govt:

(i) Central government Railway and defense hospitals.

(ii) State government: Civil hospitals.

(iii) Local government: Municipality hospitals.

(b) Non-Government:

(i) Run by trust.

(ii) Run by limited company.

(iii) Run by religious body.

(iv) Other private hospitals/nursing homes.

2. On the basis of size (bed capacity)

(i) Large hospitals: > 1000 beds, e.g. KEM Hospital (1600 beds).

(ii) Medium hospitals: 500 to 1000 beds, e.g. Bombay Hospital (700 beds).

(iii) Small hospitals: 100 to 500 beds, e.g. Hinduja Hospital (175 beds).

(iv) Very small hospitals: Less than 100 beds, e.g. PMD Hospital (75 beds).
3. On the basis of cost

(i) Elite hospitals: Hospitalization rates vary between Rs 500-1200 per day.

(Like five-star hotels with facilities like TV, telephone, fridge, etc.) e.g. Jaslok and Hinduja Hospital.

(ii) Low budget hospitals: Civil hospitals, corporation hospitals.

C. Miscellaneous Hospitals

1. Accredited hospitals

These hospitals provide facilities which are decided by council about the health care. In United States
such hospitals are present.

2. Others

(i) Teaching hospitals.

(ii) General hospitals, e.g. Civil Hospital.

(iii) Hospitals for non-profit purpose, e.g. Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Kolkata.

(iv) Hospitals for profit purpose.

Organization Structure of a Hospital
Functions of the Hospital:

Hospitals are an essential component of the healthcare system, serving as a crucial point of care for
patients with acute and chronic medical conditions. The primary function of a hospital is to provide
medical care to patients in need, including diagnostic and therapeutic services. Hospitals also play a
crucial role in medical research, education, and training for healthcare professionals. The following are
some of the key functions of hospitals:

1. Diagnosis and treatment: Hospitals provide a range of diagnostic and treatment services,
including medical consultations, laboratory tests, radiology imaging, surgical procedures, and
other specialized treatments.
2. Emergency care: Hospitals serve as the primary point of care for medical emergencies,
providing critical care and lifesaving interventions to patients in critical condition.
3. Rehabilitation and recovery: Hospitals provide rehabilitation services to help patients recover
from illnesses and injuries. These services may include physical therapy, occupational therapy,
and speech therapy.
4. Palliative care: Hospitals provide palliative care to patients with serious illnesses, helping
them manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
5. Research and innovation: Hospitals play a crucial role in medical research, developing new
treatments and therapies that improve patient outcomes and save lives.
6. Education and training: Hospitals provide education and training to healthcare professionals,
including physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers. This education and training help
healthcare professionals stay up-to-date with the latest medical advances and best practices,
improving patient care.
7. Community outreach: Hospitals also serve as a vital part of the community, providing health
education, outreach programs, and preventive care services to help improve the health and
wellbeing of local populations.
REFERENCES

 Anesh Sagar, Assistant Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University

Moradabad, Pin Code 244102, U.P, India.
 Social website:
 YouTube: Million Vines
 Facebook Page: Million Vines
 Instagram: millionvines333
 Twitter: Million Vines
 Telegram: Million Vines