HOLIDAYS HOME WORK
CLASS XII
BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT- CHAPTER 3 &4
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:
a. In birds and mammals internal fertilisation takes place
b. Colostrum contains antibodies and nutrients
c. Polyspermy in mammals is prevented by the chemical changes in
the egg surface
d. In the human female implantation occurs almost seven days after
fertilisation
2. Identify the correct statement from the following:
a. High levels of estrogen triggers the ovulatory surge.
b. Oogonial cells start to proliferate and give rise to functional ova in
regular cycles from puberty onwards.
c. Sperms released from seminiferous tubules are highly motile.
d. Progesterone level is high during the post ovulatory phase of
menstrual cycle.
3. Spot the odd one out from the following structures with reference to the
male reproductive system:
a. Rete testis
b. Epididymis
c. Vasa efferentia
d. Isthmus
4. Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is contributed by.
i. Seminal vesicle
ii. Prostate gland
iii. Urethra
iv. Bulbourethral gland
(a) i and ii (b) i, ii and iv (c) ii, iii and iv (d) i and iv
5. Spermiation is the process of the release of sperms from:
a. Seminiferous tubules
b. Vas deferens
c. Epididymis
d. Prostate gland
6. Mature Graafian follicle is generally present in the ovary of a healthy
human female around:
a. 5 – 8 day of menstrual cycle
b. 11 – 17 day of menstrual cycle
c. 18 – 23 day of menstrual cycle
d. 24 – 28 day of menstrual cycle
7. Acrosomal reaction of the sperm occurs due to:
a. Its contact with zona pellucida of the ova
b. Reactions within the uterine environment of the female
c. Reactions within the epididymal environment of the male
d. Androgens produced in the uterus
8. Which one of the following is not a male accessory gland?
a. Seminal vesicle
b. Ampulla
c. Prostate
d. Bulbourethral gland
9. The spermatogonia undergo division to produce sperms by the process
of spermatogenesis. Choose the correct one with reference to above.
a. Spermatogonia have 46 chromosomes and always undergo meiotic
cell division
b. Primary spermatocytes divide by mitotic cell division
c. Secondary spermatocytes have 23 chromosomes and undergo
second meiotic division
d. Spermatozoa are transformed into spermatids
10. Match between the following representing parts of the sperm and their
functions and choose the correct option.
Column I Column II
A. Head i. Enzymes
B. Middle piece ii. Sperm motility
C. Acrosome iii. Energy
D. Tail iv. Genetic material
options:
a. A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
b. A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
c. A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
d. A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
11. Which among the following has 23 chromosomes?
a. Spermatogonia
b. Zygote
c. Secondary oöcyte
d. Oögonia
12. Match the following and choose the correct options:
Column I Column II
A. Trophoblast i. Embedding of blastocyst in the endome
trium
B. Cleavage ii. Group of cells that would differentiate as embryo
C. Inner cell mass iii. Outer layer of blastocyst attached to the
endometrium
D. Implantation iv. Mitotic division of zygote
Options:
a. A-ii, B-i, C-iii, D-iv
b. A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
c. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
d. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
13. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta?
a. hCG
b. Estrogens
c. Progesterone
14. The vas deferens receives duct from the seminal vesicle and opens into
urethra as:
a. Epididymis
b. Ejaculatory duct
c. Efferent ductule
d. Ureter
15. Urethral meatus refers to the:
a. Urinogenital duct
b. Opening of vas deferens into urethra
c. External opening of the urinogenital duct
d. Muscles surrounding the urinogenial duct
16. Morula is a developmental stage:
a. Between the zygote and blastocyst
b. Between the blastocyst and gastrula
c. After the implantation
d. Between implantation and parturition
17. The membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is:
a. Corona radiata
b. Zona radiata
c. Zona pellucida
d. Chorion
18. Identify the odd one from the following:
a. Labia minora
b. Fimbriae
c. Infundibulum
d. Isthmus
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Given below are the events in human reproduction. Write them in correct
sequential order.
Insemination, gametogenesis, fertilisation, parturition, gestation,
implantation
2. The path of sperm transport is given below. Provide the missing steps in
blank boxes.
3. What is the role of cervix in the human female reproductive system?
4. Why are menstrual cycles absent during pregnancy.
5. From where the parturition signals arise-mother or foetus? Mention the
main hormone involved in parturition.
6. What is the significance of epididymis in male fertility?
7. Give the names and functions of the hormones involved in the process of
spermatogenesis. Write the names of the endocrine glands from where
they are released.
8. The mother germ cells are transformed into a mature follicle through
series of steps. Provide the missing steps in the blank boxes.
9. During reproduction, the chromosome number (2n) reduces to half (n)
in the gametes and again the original number (2n) is restored in the
offspring, What are the processes through which these events take place?
10. What is the difference between a primary oöcyte and a secondary oöcyte?
11. What is the significance of ampullary–isthmic junction in the female
reproductive tract?
12. How does zona pellucida of ovum help in preventing polyspermy?
13. Mention the importance of LH surge during menstrual cycle.
14. Which type of cell division forms spermatids from the secondary
spermatocytes?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. A human female experiences two major changes, menarche and
menopause during her life. Mention the significance of both the events.
2. a. How many spermatozoa are formed from one secondary
spermatocyte?
b. Where does the first cleavage division of zygote take place?
3. Corpus luteum in pregnancy has a long life. However, if fertilisation does
not take place, it remains active only for 10-12 days. Explain.
4. What is foetal ejection reflex? Explain how it leads to parturition?
5. Except endocrine function, what are the other functions of placenta.
6. Why doctors recommend breast feeding during initial period of infant
growth?
7. What are the events that take place in the ovary and uterus during
follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
8. Given below is a flow chart showing ovarian changes during menstrual
cycle. Fill in the spaces giving the name of the hormones responsible for
the events shown.
9. Give a schematic labelled diagram to represent oögenesis (without
descriptions)
10. What are the changes in the oogonia during the transition of a primary
follicle to Graafian follicle?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What role does pituitary gonadotropins play during follicular and
ovulatory phases of menstrual cycle? Explain the shifts in steroidal
secretions.
2. Meiotic division during oogenesis is different from that in
spermatogenesis. Explain how and why?
3. The zygote passes through several developmental stages till implantation,
Describe each stage briefly with suitable diagrams.
4. Draw a neat diagram of the female reproductive system and label the
parts associated with the following (a) production of gamete, (b) site of
fertilisation (c) site of implantation and, (d) birth canal.
5. With a suitable diagram, describe the organisation of mammary gland.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The method of directly injecting a sperm into ovum in Assisted
Reproductive Technology is called:
a. GIFT
b. ZIFT
c. ICSI
d. ET
2. Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will:
a. Cause rapid increase in growth rate
b. Result in decline in growth rate
c. Not cause significant change in growth rate
d. Result in an explosive population
3. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the:
a. Suppression of gonadotropins
b. Hyper secretion of gonadotropins
c. Suppression of gametic transport
d. Suppression of fertilisation
4. Sterilisation techniques are generally fool proof methods of contraception
with least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for the couples because:
i. It is almost irreversible
ii. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge
iii. It is a surgical procedure
iv. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country
Choose the correct option:
(a) i and iii (b) ii and iii (c) ii and iv (d) i, ii, iv
5. A national level approach to build up a reproductively healthy society
was taken up in our country in:
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
6. Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within:
a. 72 hrs of coitus
b. 72 hrs of ovulation
c. 72 hrs of menstruation
d. 72 hrs of implantation
7. Choose the right one among the statements given below:
a. IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself
b. IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus
c. IUDs suppress gametogenesis
d. IUDs once inserted need not be replaced
8. Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct
options given below:
i. MTPs are generally advised during first trimester
ii. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method
iii. MTPs are always surgical
iv. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel
(a) ii and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i and ii
9. From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the
one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:
a. Syphilis
b. AIDS
c. Gonorrhea
d. Genital warts
10. Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives becuase of the
following reasons:
a. These are effective barriers for insemination
b. They do not interfere with coital act
c. These help in reducing the risk of STDs
d. All of the above
11. Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:
a. Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian
tube to facilitate zygote formation.
b. Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the
fallopian tube
c. Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
d. Ova collected from a female donor and transferrerd to the uterus
12. The correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is:
a. Ovariectomy
b. Hysterectomy
c. Vasectomy
d. Castration
13. Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by the females. Choose the
correct option from the statements given below:
i. They are introduced into the uterus
ii. They are placed to cover the cervical region
iii. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry
iv. They act as spermicidal agents
(a) i and ii, (b) i and iii, (c) ii and iii, (d) iii & iv
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Reproductive health refers only to healthy reproductive functions.
Comment.
2. Comment on the Reproductive and Child Health Care programme of the
government to improve the reproductive health of the people.
3. The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways
to check it.
4. STDs can be considered as self-invited diseases. Comment.
5. Suggest the reproduction-related aspects in which counselling should
be provided at the school level.
6. Mention the primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology”
(ART) programme.
7. What is the significance of progesterone-estrogen combination as a
contraceptive measure
8. Strict conditions are to be followed in medical termination of pregnancy
(MTP) procedures. Mention two reasons.
9. Males in whom testes fail to descend to the scrotum are generally infertile.
Why?
10. Mention two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive
method.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Suggest some important steps that you would recommend to be taken
to improve the reproductive health standards in India.
2. The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the
fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the
same result? Explain.
3. Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated
methods. Why?
4. What are the probable factors that contributed to population explosion
in India?
5. Briefly explain IVFand ET What are the conditions in which these
methods are advised?
6. What are the advantages of natural methods of contraception over
artificial methods?
7. What are the conditions in which medical termination of pregnancy is
advised?
8. Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive.
9. All reproductive tract infections RTIs are STDs, but all STDs are not
RTIs. Justify with example.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile
couples? Describe any three techniques.
2. Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal
contraceptives.
3. STDs are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases
and suggest preventive measures
4. Do you justify the statutory ban on aminocentesis in our country? Give
reasons.
5. Enumerate and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education
to school-going children.
