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Introduction to Basic Geology Concepts

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65 views11 pages

Introduction to Basic Geology Concepts

slides

Uploaded by

lynton012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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.

LEARNING UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO BASIC
GEOLOGY
BY: PH BHENGU (e-tutor)

1
OVERVIEW
11 slides

 PURPOSE OF LEARNING UNIT 1


 Intro to basic geology
 BASIC GEOLOGY
 COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EARTH
 CORE
 MANTLE
 CRUST
 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
 GEOLOGICAL TIMESCALE OF EARTH

2
PURPOSE OF LU #1
Primary & largely
 You will learn about the various types of rock, and explore how, where
and why different rocks and natural resources form across the Earth.

Secondary
 You will also look at some of the environmental and sustainability
considerations that geologists need to take into account when
extracting and processing these resources.

• Such information is also crucial for civil engineering


design works + construction works.

3
BASIC GEOLOGY

 Geology by definition:
The word geology
means;

 Study of the Earth.


 Also known as
geoscience or earth
science.

4
COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

 The earth is made up of


three different layers:
These are;

 The crust,
 The mantle and
 The core
 This is the outside layer
of the earth and is made
of solid rock, mostly
basalt and granite.

5
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
EARTH_CORE

 Characters
 Liquid outer
 2890 - 5150 km
thick/deep
 Other
sources=2200
km thick/deep
 Solid inner
 Other
sources=1270
km thick/deep
6
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
EARTH_MANTLE

 Characters
 Generally,=35-
2890km
thick/deep
 Other sources
 Lower mantle=Up
to 2850 km
thick/depth
 Upper
mantle=Asthenos
phere. Meaning?

7
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF
EARTH_CRUST

 Characters
 Rigid
 Up to 65 km
thick/depth

 Other
sources=70km
thick/depth

8
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND
PROCESSES
 Structure of the earth
 The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the
crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a
unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on
Earth's surface.

 Isostasy
 For the ideal condition of gravitational equilibrium that controls the
heights of continents and ocean floors, in accordance with the
densities of their underlying rocks.

 Orogeny
 An orogeny or orogenesis is an event that leads to both structural
deformation and compositional differentiation of the earth's lithosphere
(crust and uppermost mantle) at convergent plate margins.

9
GEOLOGICAL TIMESCALE OF
EARTH

10
RECAP
&
END

Thank you

11

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