Questions on IC Engines

All the question are answered in brief and a standard text book should be referred for figures and
in detail explanation regarding cycles, process and functions.

1. Inlet temperature of heavy fuel oil: Typically 110 to 113 deg C.

2. Temperature of Main engine exhaust: Generally, ranges from 350 to 380 deg C.
3. Inlet and outlet temperature of jacket cooling water: Inlet: 70°C-80°C; Outlet: 85°C-95°C.
4. Did college send you books? Yes
5. Name the Author of your IC book: A.J. Wharton, D.K. Sanyal, C.C. Pounder
6. What is Turbocharging? : Introducing fresh air for combustion into the cylindder at a
pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. Force of the exhaust gas is utilized to
drive the air blower, to compress the atmospheric air and send it into the combustion
space.
7. How scavenging is achieved? : Scavenging is done by opening the exhaust valve, when the
exhaust gas is removed from the cylinder, then the inlet valve or scavenge port is opened with
the exh valve still open, thus effecting complete removal of exhaust gases from the cylinder.
8. What is supercharging? Turbochargers use the engine's exhaust gas to drive the blower, i.e.
blower is rotated by the force of exhaust gas. Conversely, superchargers are powered directly
by the engine; a belt pulley drives gears that cause a compressor fan to rotate.
9. Difference between scavenging and supercharging? : Refer above topics.
10. Why supercharging is done?: To increase the power output and fuel efficiency of an engine.
11. RPM of engine present in your workshop: Depends on the specific engine; marine engines
typically run between (slow speed 85 RPM to Medium speed 720 RPM).
12. Describe Fuel oil line tracing. Is there any filter arrangement? Fuel oil pipeline is traced from
storageto the engine via pumps, heaters, and filters, including coarse and fine filters.
13. Types of filters and extent of their filtration: Coarse filters (50-150 microns) and fine filters
(5-50 microns).
14. Use of mixing tank? Is there any return line? Where does the return line go?: The mixing
tank blends different fuel oils; return lines usually go back to the service tank.
15. How to measure fuel used? : Using flow meters or tank level gauges.
16. System for removing water vapor in fuel oil line: Fuel oil Centrifuges or separators are used.
17. Uses of cams in 2-stroke and 4-stroke IC engines: To open and close valves at the correct
timings.
18. Type of pumps used in 4-stroke engine: Fuel, oil, Lub oil and water pumps.
19. Describe rocker arm assembly in 2-stroke engine: Typically, 2-stroke engines do not have a
rocker arm assembly.
20. Describe lubrication of a 4-stroke engine: Uses a pressurized oil from attached pumps
system to lubricate bearings and rocker arms and other moving/rotating parts.
21. Components of an IC engine: Includes crankshaft, camshaft, cylinder block and Liner,
cylinder head, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, and valves.
22. Describe fuel injectors and fuel pumps: Injectors spray fuel into the combustion chamber
to achieve atomization and penetration; pump deliver metered quantity of fuel under high
pressure to the injectors.
23. Provide correct amount of fuel to the combustion chamber: Controlled by the fuel pump
metering device (helix cut on Bosch pump plunger).
24. How does atomization work and why do we need it?: Atomization breaks fuel into fine
droplets for better mixing with air, ensuring efficient heat transfer from hot compressed
air for efficient combustion.
25. Explain cylinder liner wearing rate: Expressed in millimeter of increase in liner bore diameter,
Affected by engine load, maintenance, and liner lubrication quality.
26. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine: Impulse turbines use high-speed jets of
water; reaction turbines use pressure differences across blades.
27. Types of piston rings: Compression rings, oil scraper/control rings.
28. Use of cam in four-stroke engines: To operate intake and exhaust valves.
29. Safety devices in four-stroke engines: Includes Low lub oil, cooling water pressures,
overspeed trip, high lub oil & cooling water temp., relief valves, safety valves, and
emergencyshut-offs.
30. Larger flywheel between 4-cylinder and 8-cylinder engine: 4-cylinder engine as 8 cylinder
engine is more balanced.
31. What is an Intelligent engine?: An engine with advanced control systems for optimized
performance.
32. How does the performance of an engine increase?: Through proper maintenance of
combustion equipments, tuning, and upgrading components.
33. Mountings on a 2-stroke engine: Includes cylinder head, exhaust valve, injectors, air starting
valve, relief valves.
34. Checks for starting engine in 30 mins: Inspect fuel, lubrication, cooling systems, and check
for leaks.
35. Need of Turning gear in engines: For slow turning of the engine during maintenance.
36. What are Tie rods? Why needed? Tie rods hold bed plate, A-frame and entablature
together, connect and stabilize engine components, maintaining compression under
load.
37. Internal components of a 2-stroke engine: Includes Liner, pistons, cylinders, crankshaft,
camshaft, connecting rods, and crosshead.
38. Overhauling of liner, valve, piston: Disassemble, inspect, clean, replace worn parts,
reassemble, and test.
39. Stern tube lubrication system: Uses special biodegradable oil or water to lubricate the stern
tube bearings.
40. Difference between scavenging and supercharging: Scavenging removes exhaust gases;
supercharging increases intake air pressure.
41. Valve overlap in which engine: Supercharged engines, for better cylinder scavenging.
42. Fuel oil line tracing: Follows from storage tanks, through pumps and filters, to the
engine injectors.
43. Unit of viscosity: Pascal-second (Pa s) or centistokes (cSt).
44. Importance of cam: Controls the opening and closing of the valves.
45. Why need a turbocharger?: To increase engine power and efficiency (supply more air into the
combustion space for burning more fuel).
46. Starting checks for an IC engine: Check fuel, oil, coolant levels, and ensure no leaks or
blockages.
47. Crankcase explosion: Occurs due to ignition of oil mist or gas in the crankcase.
48. Why use 2-stroke instead of 4-stroke? : Higher power-to-weight ratio.
49. Difference between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine: 2-stroke completes a power cycle in one
revolution, 4-stroke in two revolutions.
50. Scavenge fire: Fire in the scavenge space due to unburnt fuel or oil in under-piston space &
sparks coming down from broken piston rings.
51. Effect of water in lube oil: Causes emulsion, leading to reduced lubrication, rust, reduces
lubrication efficiency, and can lead to enginedamage.
52. 2-stroke for propulsion: Higher power output, less running parts and simpler design.
53. Main differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine: Power cycle duration, efficiency, and
design complexity.
54. Why are spark plugs used in petrol engines?: To ignite the air-fuel mixture (lower compression
ratio cannot self-ignite petrol).
55. Efficiency curve of a centrifugal pump: Shows efficiency versus flow rate.
56. Basic IC engine concepts taught in 12th grade:
57. Definition of boiling point: Temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external
pressure.
58. Effect of water in fuel oil: Reduces combustion efficiency, loss of flame. Engine may fail to
start.