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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction

Environment plays significant role in human life as it cater human needs

such as foods, water and shelter, and supports the existence of living creatures as it

provides the air to sustain life. On the other hand, human activity has been

affecting the environment for thousands of years, from the time of our very earliest

ancestors. The rapid increase of human population is putting an incredible

strain on our environment.

According to Imura, [Link] (2005) stated that, high population growth greatly

accelerate, consumption rates in Asian developing cities. Based on estimates,

generation in Asia has reached 1 million tons per day (APO survey on solid waste

management, 2004-05). In the Philippines, the accumulation of waste can be

attributed to population increase, lack of public awareness, poor management and

urbanization. According to Municipal Waste Management Report (2009)

conducted by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the annual

municipal wastes generated in the Philippines have reached 10,539,375 tons. With

these, only 28% of these Municipal wastes are being regulated.

There are numerous types of waste, for example, household waste,

packaging waste and electronic waste, hospital wastes, and institutions wastes. In
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some instances, different types of waste require different disposal methods. Waste

disposal can have negative impacts on people and environment. Household waste

or the waste generated from houses contribute to the waste generated every day,

moreover the proper waste disposal is not properly practiced. The lack of

awareness of each household to certain disposal cause multiple effects and results,

such as diseases and environmental issues. But citizens have a huge role to play in

this to, as they are the main generators of wastes. This waste includes all types of

paper waste, plastic bottles, food waste, glass, metals, cloth and textiles, rubber,

leather etc.

Unfortunately, many household struggles to think of imaginative ways to

implement effective waste management in their houses. The disposal of different

types of waste is done in different ways. One of the most common ways to dispose

of the solid waste is to burn. By burning only reduces the volume of the waste and

is not an effective method to dispose of. It also gives rise to gases which pollute

the environment. Any unburnt waste again piles up and acts as a breeding ground

for insects and rats. Landfills are another method used to dispose waste in

households. Here wastes are dumped in a huge pit and then covered with dirt.

Even though this is seen as an alternative to open garbage dumping and burning,

landfills are not effective solution. There is a huge possibility of seepage of

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chemicals into the groundwater as well as polluting the land.

In this study the researchers believe that the issue of improper waste

disposal can be address by knowing the practices of waste management and

changing the implementation of waste management in accordance to the proper

waste management. Moreover the study will be conducted in selected households

in Rosario, Batangas. This study would not only help the researchers themselves,

as future successors, but also the health, community, and the environment as well.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to assess the waste management practices among

households in Rosario, Batangas.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following research questions:

1. How may the level of the local resident’s awareness on Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000 be described relative to:

1.1. objectives;

1.2. implementation; and

1.3. sanctions?

2. How may the waste management practices among households be

described?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the local residents’ level of

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awareness of RA 9003 and their waste management practices?

4. What are the challenges met in proper waste management?

5. Based on the analysis, what action plan may be proposed?

Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study

The study was conducted in selected barangays of Rosario Batangas

covering the assessment of the local residents regarding their waste management

practices. It further covered the respondents’ awareness of the features of RA 9003

or Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in terms of its objectives,

implementation, and sanctions; and the challenges met in proper waste

management. The descriptive research design was employed in the study and

questionnaire and interview were utilized as tools for gathering data. The officials

and the local residents of the selected barangays were the respondents of the study.

The study delimited residents of other localities. Likewise, other data

gathering instruments apart from interview and survey questionnaire were not

included in the study.

Due to its nature, the study was limited only to the officials and residents of

selected barangays of Rosario, Batangas as respondents. The study was also

limited to the use of questionnaire and interview as instruments for data gathering.
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Significance of the Study

Waste management disposal are one of the valuable practices that must be

developed among households to be able to adapt a clean and beautiful

surroundings. Thus, the results of this study are deemed useful to the community,

residents, and future researchers in the same field of thinking.

To the Barangay officials and leaders, the results of the study helped them

to improve their experience on segregating wastes. They provide some programs

that improved not only the community but also all the residents living there. They

used the results for them to practice waste management throughout the years.

To the Residents, the results of the study provide them information

regarding on waste management by having them participate to the proposed

programs, projects, or activities for them to have additional knowledge on waste

management. They used this material as a guide for them to be a good thinker on

how they segregate their wastes.

To the Future Researchers, the results of the study provide relevant

material if they are planning to take the similar research regarding on proper waste

management practices among households in Rosario. With the help of this,

another convincing result may be developed or the study may be improved.

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Linkages to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four

specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering and mathematics — in an

interdisciplinary and applied approach. Rather than teach the four disciplines as

separate and discrete subjects, STEM integrates them into a cohesive learning

paradigm based on real-world applications.

STEM creates the real-world context to develop the critical thinking and

problem solving skills that every students needs in the 21st Century. It prepares

students for today’s jobs and those of the future through making them involved in

strengthening the economy, conserving resources, and informing wise decision

making in the face of complex choices. Universal access to these opportunities is

essential for a just, sustainable society.

Hence, this strand is also geared towards enhancing the students’

engagement in ensuring a sustainable development and a productive society. It

helps the students to understand the concept and investigate the context of

environmental issues. It also prepares them to become engaged citizens who

evaluate multiple perspectives and make informed decisions regarding crucial

social issues, particularly those concerning the environment. Thus, the topic of the

study – waste management practices - which is one of the highlights of issues with
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regards to environment and sustainable development, has a concrete and direct

connection to the STEM strand.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the conceptual and research literature after the

thorough and in-depth search and investigation done by the researchers. This will

also present the synthesis of this chapter to fully and completely understand the

research presented.

Conceptual Literature

The following conceptual literature helped the researcher to enrich the

content of the present study.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. Improper waste

management practice was one of the problems which the society faces nowadays.

To answer the globally challenging problem of wrong collection, treatment and

disposal of wastes and to protect the environment as well as the welfare of the

people, RA 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management

Act of 2000 was implemented.

According to Canete et al, (2013), solid waste management is considered to

be one of the most serious environmental issues in the Philippines. The annual

waste generation was estimated at ten million tons in 2010. The Republic Act

9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,

provides the necessary policy framework, institutional mechanisms and mandate

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to the local government units to achieve twenty five percent waste reduction

through establishing an integrated solid waste management plans based on 3Rs

(reduce, reuse and recycling).

While the efforts of LGUs are still very limited with a mix of results in

implementing the national mandate, the experiences of Cebu, a second largest city

in the Philippines with about one million people, has shown to have succeeded in

reducing its municipal waste generation by more than thirty percent over the last

three years. The impacts of the national mandate can be achieved if the LGUs have

the high level of political commitment, development of effective local strategies in

collaborative manner, partnership building with other stakeholders, capacity

development, adequate financing and incentives, and in the close monitoring and

evaluation of performance.

As affirmed by Aquino et al, (2013), waste mismanagement has serious

environmental effects making the passage of the Republic Act 9003 or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental

legislation in the Philippines. The law was crafted in response to the looming

garbage problems in the country. RA 9003 declares its objectives regarding the

policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid

waste management program that ensures the protection of public health and the
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environment and the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment

and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of best

environmental practices. Moreover, it illustrates the potentials and benefits of

recycling not only in addressing waste management problems but also in

alleviating poverty.

RA 9003 was passed by the Philippine Congress on December 20, 2000

and was subsequently approved by the Office of the President on January 26,

2001. It contains seven chapters sub-divided into sixty six sections setting out

policy direction for an effective solid waste management program in the country.

RA 9003 describes solid waste management as a discipline associated with the

control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and

disposal of solid wastes. The manner by which these activities are conducted shall

be in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering,

conservation, aesthetics, other environmental considerations, and public attitudes.

The Act provides for a comprehensive ecological solid waste management

program by creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives,

appropriating funds, declaring certain acts prohibited, and providing penalties.

The establishment of a National Solid Waste Management Commission

(NSWMC) and Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB) in each local

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government unit (LGU) is mandated by RA 9003 to be represented by public

officials, in their ex-officio capacity, and the private sector. The Commission shall

serve as the coordinating body and likewise develop and implement the National

Solid Waste Management Framework. The SWMB, on the other hand, is directed

to formulate a 10-year local Ecological Solid Waste Management Plans instituting

an effective and sustainable solid waste management plan with primary emphasis

on implementation of all feasible re-use, recycling and composting programs. This

is pursuant to relevant provisions under RA 7160 or the Local Government Code.

As presented by [Link], there are several features which corresponds

on how the act was implemented. Some of these are waste characterization and

segregation; source reductions; and collections and transport of waste. The solid

waste generated within the area of jurisdiction shall be characterized for initial

source reduction and recycling element of the local waste management plan. A

separate container is required for each type of waste for on-site collection properly

marked as compostable, non-recyclable, recyclable or special waste. Waste

segregation shall primarily be conducted at the source including household,

commercial, industrial and agricultural sources.

Meanwhile, source reduction refers to the methods by which the LGUs can

reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed within five years. LGUs are
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expected to divert at least twenty five percent of all solid waste from waste

disposal facilities through re-use, recycling and composting activities. The rate of

waste diversion is set to increase every three years.

Regarding the collections and transport of waste, geographic subdivisions

are taken into account in the coverage of the solid waste collection area in every

barangay ensuring a hundred percent collection efficiency within 24 hours from all

sources. The plan shall define and identify specific strategies and activities taking

into account the availability and provision of properly designed containers in

selected collection points while awaiting collection and transfer, segregation of

different types of waste, hauling and transfer of solid waste from collection points

to final disposal sites, issuance and enforcement of ordinances for effective

implementation, and provision of properly trained officers and workers. All

personnel directly dealing with collection of solid waste must be equipped with

personal protective gears for their protection.

Furthermore, [Link] discusses additional means of implementing the

act. It covered certain features such as recycling programs and composting. The

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), in coordination with other concerned

agencies, is directed to publish an inventory of existing markets for recyclable

materials, product standards for recyclable and recycled materials, and a proposal
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to stimulate demand for the production of recycled materials and products.

Moreover, a coding system for eco-labeling is expected from DTI. Non-

environmentally acceptable products shall be allowed within one year after public

notice as alternatives available to consumers but at cost not exceeding ten percent

of the disposable product. The use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging is

strictly prohibited by the Act.

LGUs are mandated to establish Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in each

barangay or cluster of barangays designed to receive, sort, process and store

compostable and recyclable materials efficiently. The residual wastes shall then be

transferred to a long-term storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfill. All solid

waste disposal facilities or sites in the country shall be published by the

Department of Natural Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

No open dumps nor any practice or disposal of solid waste that constitutes

open dumps for solid waste shall be allowed. The Act further provides for

conversion of existing open dumps to controlled dumps within three years.

Additionally, The Department of Agriculture (DA) shall publish an inventory of

existing markets and demands for composts that is updated annually. These

composts intended for commercial distribution should conform to the standards set

by the DA for organic fertilizers.

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Likewise, [Link] explained certain features which corresponds on the

implementation of the act such as the role of the local government in solid waste

management and incentive scheme provided in the act. To encourage and facilitate

the development of local plans, NSWMC is mandated to publish guidelines for

identification of areas with common waste management problems and appropriate

units for clustering solid waste management services. This is to reinforce

provisions of the Local Government Code for all provinces, cities, municipalities

and barangays to consolidate or coordinate efforts, services and resources to

establish common waste treatment and disposal facilities.

Moreover, an incentive scheme, pursuant to Omnibus Investment Code, is

provided by the Act to encourage participation of individuals, private

organizations and entities, including non-government organizations, in developing

outstanding and innovative projects, technologies, processes and techniques or

activities in re-use, recycling and reduction. This includes 10-year tax and duty

exemption on imported capital equipment, vehicles, legacies, gifts and donations

used for collection of solid waste and tax credit equivalent to fifty percent of the

national internal revenue taxes and custom duties.

Non-fiscal incentives are granted to businesses and industries engaged in

recycling of waste in the form of simplified procedures for importation of

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equipment, spare parts, new materials and supplies, and for the export of processed

products. Other forms of incentives include extension of financial services to

individuals, enterprises or private entities engaged in solid waste management and

grant entitlement to outstanding LGUs. Those LGUs who host common waste

management facilities can likewise receive incentives.

Additionally, [Link] explained the prohibited acts and the penal

provision provided in the law. The sixth chapter of RA 9003 provides a

comprehensive list of prohibited acts including: littering, throwing, dumping of

waste matters in public places; undertaking activities in violation of sanitation

operation; open burning of solid waste; causing non-segregated waste; squatting in

open dumps and landfills; open dumping, burying of biodegradable materials in

flood-prone areas; unauthorized removal of recyclable material; mixing of source-

separated recyclable material with other solid waste; and establishment or

operation of open-dumps.

The Act also prohibited manufacturing, distributing, using, and importing

consumer products that are non-environmentally-friendly materials; importing

toxic wastes misrepresented as recyclable or with recyclable content; transporting

and dumping in bulk in areas other than facility centers; site preparation,

construction, expansion or operation of waste management facilities without an

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Environmental Compliance Certificate and not conforming with the land use plan

of LGUs; construction of establishment within 200 meters from dump sites or

sanitary landfills; and operation of waste disposal facility on any aquifer,

groundwater reservoir or watershed area.

The Act provided a special account in the National Treasury called the

Solid Waste Management Fund. This will be sourced from fines and penalties

imposed, proceeds of permits and licenses, donations, endowments, grants and

contributions and amount allocated under the annual General Appropriations Act.

The fund will be utilized to finance products, facilities, technologies, and

processes that would enhance proper solid waste management; awards and

incentives; research programs; information, education, communication and

monitoring activities; technical assistance; and capability building activities.

Waste Management Practices. The people are considered as steward of

environment as well as the resources. Yet, despite of this responsibility, some of

them continue to engage in harmful practices that may brought damages to their

surroundings. One of the issues concerning the protection of environment lies on

proper waste management. The discussions provided herein presents the waste

management practices of various households.

According to Cuffari (2016), one of the proper waste management practices

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that should be undertaken by individuals is separating recyclable from non-

recyclable materials. Average people throws away pounds of trash and garbage

each day, a large percentage of which could be recycled and reused. Since 1960

the amount of trash buried in landfills has nearly doubled, causing these landfills

to run out of space, and often overflow. The environmental problems caused by

landfills are countless, ranging from landfill fires and subsequent gas release, to

serious atmospheric and hydrological effects. To solve these problem regarding

landfills, recycling waste materials is effective.

Recycling is one of the best ways in which individuals, as human beings,

can attempt to make a positive impact on the world in which they live. Not only

does recycling help to reduce the pollution of harmful chemicals and greenhouse

gasses released by waste into the environment, it also reduces the need for raw

materials, allowing for rainforests and other sources to be preserved. As the

population of the world continues to rise and the need for more products rises with

the production of waste, it is imperative to remain environmentally conscious. In

order to make the most beneficial impact to the environment, it is important to

know exactly which items are meant for garbage or compost.

Aluminum and steel cans, cardboard, glass, newspapers and plastic bottles

are all recyclable. These items can be made into new products including cans that
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hold food and drinks, the steel used to build skyscrapers and school buses,

cardboard boxes, glass jars and bottles, newspaper and office paper, plastic

laundry detergent bottles and even playground equipment. Other materials that are

particularly useful for recycling purposes include corrugated cardboard, steel cans,

high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles, glass containers, and computers.

With the proper recycling technologies, each of these materials discussed can offer

sustainable options for the improvement of the global environment.

Additionally, [Link] discusses the basics of recycling that should be

undertaken by households. Recycling is the process of collecting and processing

materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new

products. Recycling can benefit both the community and the environment.

Recycling includes the three steps: collection and processing; manufacturing; and

purchasing new products made from recycled materials. Another benefits of

recycling is that it can serve as additional source of income or even as the means

of employment for individuals.

On the other hand, [Link] explained waste segregation as one of

the proper waste management practice that should be conducted not only by

households but also by businesses. The importance of waste segregation in the

business world cannot be understated. Waste segregation is the first step in a

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compliant waste management plan that will help the environment and save the

business money. This plan encourages employees to recycle on a regular basis and

to reuse matter whenever possible. It really does matter which bin they put the

garbage into and also helps keep the cost of green waste disposal down for all

businesses.

For many business, the most common form of segregation is separating out

recyclable waste such as paper, plastic and glass from landfill and compostable

waste. The inclusion of other types of waste in recycling containers causes several

problems, all stemming from the fact that contamination reduces the quality of

recycled paper and plastic products. To prevent this, waste management firms

need to spend longer sorting improperly segregated waste, raising manpower

costs. Contaminated recycled products also sell for less, a loss that gets passed on

to the customer. In fact, if recycling is too heavily contaminated, it is often sent to

landfill instead of recycled. The same applies to compost, which needs to be free

of contamination from other types of waste in order to be used or resold. The

bottom line is that rubbish removal is dependent on proper waste segregation and

recycling as the first step of the process.

Recycling is important, but separating hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

is vital. Hazardous waste requires special handling, and hazardous waste in non-
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hazardous containers can cause serious problems. Since special handling tends to

be more expensive, most businesses do not want to waste money by disposing of

non-hazardous waste in hazardous waste containers. Post-collection segregation

takes longer, costs more and can wind up harming the environment if it leads to

recyclable waste being sent to landfill. The simplest way to solve this problem is

to solve it before it starts by practicing proper on-site segregation of waste.

Clearly-marked containers for different kinds of waste and well-understood

recycling procedures can save space, time, money and effort in recycling

business’s waste products.

Meanwhile, Dubey (2016) illuminated the reasons on why it is crucial for

individuals to separate and segregate their waste properly. As individuals observe

their surroundings, they may notice that most places they go to have some form of

waste segregation. Their office may have a bin for paper and cardboard, the gym

has a mixed recyclables bin, even their house should have some form of waste

segregation as all local councils do collection. But some of them might not really

understand the importance of placing the right waste in the right bins. There are

several reasons why it is imperative for individuals to pay attention to waste

segregation.

The first reason is it is legally required. Under government rules and

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policies, individuals must segregate paper, cardboard, plastic, metal and glass at

source unless it is technically or economically unfeasible. Under the same

regulations, they should implement the waste hierarchy; reduce, reuse, recycle,

recovery and disposal. By law, they should implement this hierarchy and

segregation helps with recycling in particular. Waste segregation is included in

law because it is much easier to recycle. Effective segregation of wastes means

that less waste goes to landfill which makes it cheaper and better for people and

the environment. It is also important to segregate for public health. In particular,

hazardous wastes can cause long term health problems, so it is very important that

they are disposed of correctly and safely and not mixed in with the normal waste

coming out of home or office.

People have a legal obligation to correctly describe waste as it leaves their

site using the correct waste transfer documentation. For a reminder on waste

transfer documentation, there are waste transfer notes and hazardous waste

consignment notes. These are legal documents that must be completed correctly.

If people describe a bin of their waste as paper and cardboard and someone has

half filled it with plastic, they are incorrectly describing waste. If this happens,

people could face a fine, their waste contractor could refuse the waste or they

could be charged more for them to deal with it.

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There are a number of important reasons that waste segregation is

encouraged: legal obligations, cost savings, and protection of human health and

the environment. Business should make it as easy as possible for their staff to

correctly segregate their waste. This can include labelling, making sure they have

enough accessible bins and making it clear why segregation is so important. So

next time they are presented with a choice to put their plastic bottle in a general

waste bin or a plastic bin, they can reach over to the plastic one and place it in

there.

On the other hand, Breyer (2014) focused on the waste management

practices of reusing, reducing, and recycling. Undertaking these three processes is

a timeless wisdom when it comes to waste issues. Keeping stuff from being

thrown away does not start with recycling. Individuals should find ways to reduce

their trash. They should also look for ways to reuse or repair items that still

function. Moreover, they should explore recyclable items that cannot go into their

trash bins. The absolutely best way to stop trash is to stop buying and using

products that are not durable, reusable, or repairable. Reducing waste is easy if

individuals follow several recommendations.

First is to reduce the packaging purchases. Avoiding products wrapped in

plastic or excessively packaged in boxes and bags is a great way to generate less
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waste. Individuals will also save energy and natural resources. Thus, individuals

should avoid packaging when possible. For example, they may use their own

reusable bag or container. They may also use products they already have for

household chores. They should avoid single-use cleaning products. They may also

buy large economy-sized products instead of individually wrapped items. Laundry

soap, shampoo, dish-washing detergent, dry pet food, cat litter, and other non-

perishable items are great examples. For food, they may buy the largest size they

can use before spoiling. They may also buy items in bulk, in concentrate, or in

refillable packages.

Individuals should also reuse bags, containers, and other items. There are

variety of ways to do this. They may bring their reusable shopping bag to the

grocery store and beyond. If they do have single-use bags, they may use them

again. They may also bring reusable take-out containers with them to restaurants.

They may pack lunches in a reusable bag with reusable food and drink containers.

They may also reuse containers and other materials for storage and crafts.

Moreover, they may reuse single-sided printed pages for scratch paper. They may

find new homes for clothing and linens, or use them for rags, patchwork, and other

projects.

Livingston (2017) suggested ways to reuse items to save money and reduce
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waste. According to Livingston, it has been said that people live in a throwaway

society. They clean their hands on paper napkins, and wipe their noses with paper

tissues, tossing them in the trash after a single use. They upgrade their computers

and replace their cell phones nearly every year. Many of them even change their

whole wardrobes every season, discarding old clothes that are in perfectly good

shape because they considered this as outdated. All this waste is costly – both for

them and for the environment.

They could all stretch their money much further by using the same item

many times, rather than just once. And because they would be buying less, they

would cut down on their use of energy and natural resources as well. So whenever

they choose to reuse, they are making their lives greener and cheaper at the same

time. There are many ways to make reuse a part of their lives. Some are simple,

such as carrying a reusable shopping bag to the supermarket; others take a bit

more effort, such as shopping secondhand or using pallets for building material.

So if they are foreign to the whole idea of reuse, they may start with a few baby

steps that are easy to handle. Once they become comfortable with those, they may

work their way up to the big stuff. As they become accustomed to the practice,

they will find themselves constantly discovering new ways to trim both household

waste and their personal budget through reuse.

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Individuals should stop using disposable items. Using disposable items is

just a matter of habit for many people – grabbing a disposable bottle of water

whenever leaving the house, or purchasing paper napkins at the grocery store. In

cases such as these, switching to a reusable item can feel awkward and unfamiliar

at first. However, if they give it a chance, before long it will become second nature

to fill up their water bottle or reach for a cloth napkin instead of a paper one. And

once they have watched their trash can become lighter while their wallet stays

heavier, they will never want to go back.

Individuals may also repair their things instead of immediately disposing

them. When something around their house breaks, there are two things they can

do: fix it, or run out to buy a new one. In many cases, the first choice is both

cheaper and greener. If things cannot be repaired, they may have another option.

They can go to secondhand marketplace. Sometimes, there is just no way to repair

an item. However, that does not mean individuals need to buy a brand-new one –

they just need one that is new to them. When they shop secondhand, they can give

someone else’s old stuff a new life and save money at the same time. They can

also get new-to-them goods through swap sites, where people give away their

unwanted items and pick up freebies from others.

The three R’s of the green lifestyle are reduce, reuse, and recycle. Of these
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three, recycling is the one that tends to get the most attention. These days, people

all know how to separate their trash and how to look for the numbered logo on the

bottom of a plastic bottle. And it is easy to think that if they just toss their empty

water bottles in the recycling bin rather than the trash, they are helping the planet.

But the truth is, reusing items is much better than merely recycling. Yes, recycling

a soda bottle or a newspaper is better than making a new one from scratch. But

turning old bottles into new bottles still takes energy. Plus, it only works if people

remember to close the cycle by buying recycled products.

On the other hand, [Link] cited that there are also

improper waste management practices committed by individuals. One of these is

disposing the collected wastes in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Despite

environmental regulations that protect the quality of streams, lakes, and wetlands,

solid waste in the form of trash, litter, and garbage often ends up in these surface

waters. Because surface waters collect in low-lying areas, anything that is dropped

or blown into a watershed can eventually reach a drainage way. In urban areas,

trash and litter (general terms for dry solid waste) often are transported by storm

water runoff. In both urban and rural areas, these items sometimes are illegally

dumped directly into a water body or wetland, or deposited along riverbanks or

lakeshores. Trash also comes from people who fish or participate in other forms of
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water-related recreation. Regardless of source or type, trash is a form of water

pollution.

Ironically, in some circumstances, some discarded items such as tires,

plastic containers, and nonorganic construction debris provide habitat for aquatic

organisms. However, trash items are unsightly and are a sign of human neglect or

disregard for aesthetic values and natural ecosystems. Despite increased

environmental awareness, some people still use waterways as a repository for

unwanted items, including couches and mattresses; cars and car parts; bicycles;

shopping carts; bags of stolen property; fuel containers; and paint cans.

Additionally, [Link] cited that aside from disposal of wastes in

bodies of water, another improper waste practices undertaken by individuals is

backyard burning of their garbage. Backyard burning produces various compounds

toxic to the environment including nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds

(VOCs), carbon monoxide, and particle pollution. Nitrogen oxides, or NOx, is a

group of nitrogen compounds that are partially responsible for acid rain and

contribute to global warming, ozone depletion, and the formation of smog.

Volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, are carbon-based compounds that

undergo photochemical reactions (i.e., they react with sunlight) when released into

the atmosphere. The VOCs and the compounds they form in the atmosphere, such
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as ozone, contribute to the formation of smog. Carbon monoxide, or CO,

chemically reacts with sunlight to create harmful ozone. CO production can

significantly impact ambient air quality and a region's ability to meet Clean Air

Act regulatory air quality standards. Burning garbage in a barrel or pile produces

more CO than decomposition in a landfill. CO is also a significant greenhouse gas.

Particle pollution, also known as particulate matter, or PM, refers to the fine

particles that produce visible smoke that reduce visibility and creates haze, which

is a major air pollution problem for many rural communities. In addition to being

unhealthful, particles soil our homes and cars and transport dangerous chemicals,

such as dioxins.

Backyard burning is also frequently the cause of residential, brush, and

forest fires, particularly during drought conditions. In Wisconsin, 35 percent of

wildfires were started by uncontrolled burning of garbage, brush, and grass. Often,

fire hazards are caused by burn piles or barrels left unattended, which grow too

large or are not fully extinguished.

Likewise, [Link] cited that backyard burning refers to the burning of

household trash by residents on their own property. Trash typically burned can

include paper, cardboard, food scraps, plastics, and yard trimmings-essentially any

materials that would otherwise be recycled or sent to a landfill. Burning usually

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occurs in a burn barrel, homemade burn box, wood stove, outdoor boiler, or open

pit. Air emissions from backyard burning are released directly to the atmosphere

without being treated or filtered. Backyard burning is common in many areas of

the country. People burn trash for various reasons-either because it is easier than

hauling it to the local disposal site or to avoid paying for regular waste collection

service. In the past, backyard burning may have been the only way that many rural

people could get rid of their waste. Today, however, almost everyone can obtain

reasonably priced waste collection or take their waste to a conveniently located

drop-off center as alternatives to backyard burning. Many state, local and tribal

governments prohibit or restrict some or all backyard burning of waste. Even

where restrictions exist, however, many people continue to burn.

Most people who burn their waste do not realize how harmful this practice

is to their health and to the environment. Current research indicates that backyard

burning is far more harmful to health than previously thought. It can increase the

risk of heart disease, aggravate respiratory ailments such as asthma and

emphysema, and cause rashes, nausea, or headaches. Backyard burning also

produce harmful quantities of dioxins, a group of highly toxic chemicals that settle

on crops and in waterways where they eventually wind up in food and affect

people’s health.
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Typically, dioxins do not exist in materials before they are incinerated, but

are produced when waste is burned. Significantly higher levels of dioxins are

created by burning trash in burn barrels than in municipal incinerators. Household

burn barrels receive limited oxygen, and thus burn at fairly low temperatures,

producing not only dioxins, but a great deal of smoke and other pollutants. Unlike

the barrels and boxes used in backyard burning, large incinerators are required by

EPA regulations to have stringent pollution control systems that reduce dioxin

emissions primarily by preventing their formation. Backyard burning is also

particularly dangerous because it releases pollutants at ground level where they are

more readily inhaled or incorporated into the food chain.

Challenges in Proper Waste Management. The government carried out

strict rule and policy regarding the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastes

through RA 9003. Nevertheless, the environmental problem of improper waste

management practices still continue to persist despite the said effort. Thus, proper

waste management faces several challenges.

Tantuco (2018) explained the reasons why Philippines is still unable to

solve its trash problem. The main reason for this is that seventeen years after its

enactment, LGUs struggle to implement solid waste management law. Despite

strong environmental activism among Filipinos, the Philippines still suffers from a
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trash problem. Data shows that local government units are struggling to implement

RA 9003. It is an unfortunate but familiar sight: trash strewn all over Roxas

Boulevard due to the southwest monsoon winds blowing them over from Manila

Bay. The bay itself is covered in trash after a storm. This happens annually, and

nobody bats an eyelash when it does. Trash is part of life in the city, especially

Metro Manila.

From 2012 to 2017, the Philippines was consistently among the top

participating countries in Ocean Conservatory's International Coastal Cleanup.

This is with the exception of 2016, when events in the Philippines were canceled

due to geopolitical circumstances. The Philippines does not have a shortage of

waste management or ocean advocacy groups either – all it takes is a quick Google

search to find them. Friends who have been swept up by the zero waste trend will

tell people it is just a matter of swapping plastic straws for their reusable metal

one. It is not a bad suggestion, but it is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to

trash problem. According to Greenpeace Philippines Campaigner Abigail Aguilar,

the Philippines has a good solid waste management law, but a lot more can be

done in terms of implementation. RA 9003 has provisions for solid waste

reduction and avoidance through recycling, composting, and other methods before

disposal in the appropriate facilities.

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When it comes to the Manila Bay watershed area, the Department of the

Interior and Local Government (DILG) has been monitoring the compliance of

surrounding areas – regions III, IV-A, and NCR – with RA 9003, the Clean Water

Act (RA 9275), and the Urban Development and Housing Act (RA 7279). The

data from their Manila Bay Clean-up, Rehabilitation, and Preservation Program

annual reports from 2011 to 2017 show that despite the increase in establishments,

factories, and homes that have adequate waste treatment facilities and septic tanks,

there is also an increase annually in the number of structures that surround the

Manila Bay Area.

The DILG’s reports also show that there is a significant increase between

2011 and 2017 in the number of LGUs in the Manila Bay watershed that complied

with solid waste management regulations, as prescribed by RA 9003. However,

out of the total 178 LGUs in the area, there are still 39.89% that do not comply

with the 10-year solid waste management plan, 27.53% that do not comply with

regulations for segregation at source, 23.03% that do not comply with regulations

on segregated collection, 44.38% that do not have a functional materials recovery

facilities, and 10.11% that do not have approved disposal facilities.

Additionally, Rey (2020) illustrated that banning single-use plastics, a

material which brought harm to the environment, may be impossible even as

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environmental group Eco Waste points out that it is the solution to plastic

pollution. Senator Cynthia Villar, the Senate committee on environment

chairperson, held a public hearing on bills filed seeking to regulate single-use

plastics, which are among the top sources of plastic trash leaking into oceans. She

said that banning single-use plastic may be impossible, pending the availability of

alternatives to packaging.

She further claimed that it might be impossible to ban plastic as packaging,

as she do not see any possible replacements for single-use plastics. What people

want is for them to recycle the single-use plastic, unless there are new opinions on

a replacement. Plastic firms resisted against banning single-use plastics during the

hearing, pointing out that single-use plastics contributing to pollution can be

attributed to consumers’ lack of discipline. But environmental group Eco Waste

Coalition said that a total ban on single-use plastics is still the way to go to solve

the problem on pollution. However, the Senator told reporters that the direction of

the Senate committee is to regulate single-use plastics instead. The outright ban on

manufacturing, buying, and using single-use plastics means closing opportunities

to many just because of a few people’s mistakes and lack of discipline.

The Philippine Plastics Industry Association (PPIA), meanwhile, said that

firms part of the Philippine Alliance for Recycling and Materials Sustainability
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have committed to reduce waste by withdrawing non-recyclable products and

recovering and recycling used plastics from communities. The industry fully

supports the adoption of waste-to-energy facilities, in Senate Bill No 363, as this

might be a solution to the uninterrupted supply of waste by mandating the strategy

in national, provincial, and local solid waste management plans.

Meanwhile, [Link] cited that nowadays, people are suffering

environmental dilemmas such as global warming and flash floods. One of the

causes of these problem is the misbehavior of the people towards waste

management. Some people are reckless in throwing their garbage. They do not

think of the possible results of their actions on the environmental as well as on

health. Waste disposal can be defined as any method used to discard unwanted

substances or materials. Poor waste disposal activities engender severe

environmental problems on a location. Improper waste disposal is the disposal of

waste in a way that has negative consequences for the environment. Examples

include littering hazardous waste that is dumped into the ground and not recycling

items that should be recycled.

There are many causes for waste mismanagement and environmental

problems. One of these stemmed from the ignorance of the people. Ignorance of

people about proper waste disposal entails that they are unaware of consequences
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of their unwise acts. Also, their laziness can cause detrimental effects on the

environment as this induce them to become unconcern on the possible effects of

their behavior such as disregarding the rules on proper garbage disposal.

Their irresponsible actions will have grave consequences both on their

health and their environment. Several illness will stemmed from waste

mismanagement such as lung disease, heart problem, skin irritation, problem or

abnormality in breathing and more. Furthermore, as some waste decomposes, it

releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Like trapping of heat on earth that

may result to abnormality of weather condition like more storm or typhoon

coming per year as what is happening in the present. The open burning of waste

also causes air pollution or greenhouse affects.

In addition, Vaughn (2013) cited that public concern in environmental

issues including global warming, the loss of species and air pollution has dropped

to its lowest level in two decades, according to an international poll. The decline

has come in a period when the signs of environmental degradation have become

clearer and the science stronger, from species going extinct faster than new ones

can evolve to dramatic climate change impacts such as the shrinking of Arctic sea

ice in 2012 by 18% against the previous record.

Evidence of environmental damage is stronger than ever, but data shows

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that economic crisis and a lack of political leadership mean that the public are

starting to tune out. On average globally, only forty nine percent of people said

climate change was a very serious concern, with fifty percent saying the same for

biodiversity loss and the highest level being fifty eight percent for shortages of

fresh water. The public can see that the response of politicians is completely

inadequate to the threat scientists have revealed, and that dissonance is reflected in

these polls. These perceived lack of concern may also be attributed to the people’s

irresponsible behavior in handling and managing their wastes.

On the other hand, [Link] illustrated another challenge on proper

waste management which is open dumping of wastes. It is generally describe as

disposal of any unwanted items in an open area. Open dumping is prohibited. An

open dumping is perceived as a land disposal site at which solid wastes are

disposed of in a manner that does not protect the environment, are susceptible to

open burning, and are exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers. Open

dumping can include solid waste disposal facilities or practices that pose a

reasonable probability of adverse effects on health or the environment.

Additionally, Mayuga (2019) cited that The Department of Environment

and Natural Resources (DENR) has started the crackdown against the illegal

operation of open dumps near the shores of Manila Bay with the recent closure of
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an open dump site in Limay, Bataan. The DENR issued a cease-and-desist order

against the municipal government of Limay, Bataan Province for operating an

open dump in Barangay San Francisco de Asis I. The DENR official, along with

the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), vowed to close

open dumps within Manila Bay as part of the rehabilitation effort to restore of the

bay. According to the NSWMC, there are twenty seven open dumps within the

Manila Bay area. Manila Bay covers a total of 190 kilometers coastline from

Cavite to Bataan Province.

The establishment and maintenance of an open dump is strictly prohibited

under Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

Section 37 of RA 9003 states that no open dumps shall be established and

operated, nor any practices or disposal of solid waste by any person, including

LGUs, which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid wastes, are allowed.

Administrative charges may also be filed against local and national government

officials who fail to comply with and enforce the rules and regulations relative to

RA 9003.

However, Catoto (2018) mentioned that five of nine towns in Siargao and

Bucas Grande Islands are still operating open dump sites, 18 years after the law on

solid waste management was passed. The Environmental Management Bureau

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(EMB) in Caraga identified these towns as Dapa, Del Carmen, General Luna, San

Benito and San Isidro. Focal person of Solid Waste Management unit of EMB in

Caraga told the reporters that local executives are now being investigated for

possible administrative case of neglect of duty.

In 2013, the Environmental Ombudsman program, in collaboration with the

EMB of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),

launched a three-year nationwide campaign to increase awareness of, and promote

voluntary compliance with R.A. No. 9003. Under this program, local government

units were directed to conduct their respective self-assessment as to their

compliance status and to voluntarily implement corrective actions. In 2015,

however, tracer results show that R.A. No. 9003 remains to be the least prioritized

local government program, according to a press release from the Office of the

Environmental Ombudsman.

The DENR-EMB at that time identified and submitted the list of 350 LGUs

with recurring and blatant violations of open dump sites to the Ombudsman. In

late October 2016, the Office of the Ombudsman announced they conducted a

fact-finding investigation on 84 local government officials in Mindanao for failure

to implement RA 9003. Under its mandate, the Environmental Ombudsman Team

handles complaints filed against any public official, employee, office or agency
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mandated to protect the environment and conserve natural resources where the act

complained of appears to be illegal, unjust, improper or inefficient.

Action Plan Preparation. To have a tangible mechanism to promote the

households’ manifestation of proper waste management practices, the researchers

prepared an action plan as the output of the study. The discussion presented herein

portray the action and preparation undertaken by the researchers for the

accomplishment of the said output. They contain literature which display the

procedure on how to make an action plan.

As cited by [Link], a solid action plan is an instrument which aids

individuals to turn their vision into reality and to avoid challenges and problems

along the accomplishments of their objectives. An action plan is a checklist for the

steps or tasks individuals need to complete in order to achieve the goals they have

set. It is an essential part of the strategic planning process and helps with

improving teamwork planning. Not only in project management, but action plans

can be used by individuals to prepare a strategy to achieve their own personal

goals as well.

Components of action plan include: a well-defined description of the goal

to be achieved; tasks or steps that need to be carried out to reach the goal; people

who will be in charge of carrying out each task; when will these tasks be
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completed (deadlines and milestones); resources needed to complete the tasks; and

measures to evaluate progress. An action plan is not something set in stone. As the

organization grows, and surrounding circumstances change, individuals will have

to revisit and make adjustments to meet the latest needs.

There is a reason why it is essential to construct and action plan. Sometimes

businesses do not spend much time on developing an action plan before an

initiative, which, in most cases, leads to failure. Some people might argue that

action plan is beneficial for the fact that individuals who fail to plan are planning

to fail. Planning helps individuals prepare for the obstacles ahead and keep them

on track. And with an effective action plan, they can boost their productivity and

keep themselves focused.

Research Literature

The researchers reviewed different studies found to be closely related to the

present study.

The study of Hye Jung (2016) discussed the environmental effectiveness of

solid waste management in Oslo, Norway with the exception of construction and

demolition waste. This study does so by looking into the concept of environmental

effectiveness and its four determinants (regulatory structure, time, economic

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structure, and science) as defined by Kütting. It also employs the analysis of

governance networks to understand the regulatory structure, waste governance, of

waste management. Within these analytical frameworks, this research gathered

data from 21 interviews, and reviewed literature published by the organizations

that the informants worked for.

Although the waste governance in waste management performs well thanks

to cooperation between related actors in the network, the environmental

effectiveness of waste management is limited. First, it is revealed that, due to the

Pollution Control Act, there is no governing agency to control industrial waste

which makes up a significant amount of the total waste generated in Oslo,

Norway. The second findings revealed that the current solid waste management

depends greatly on energy recovery and recycling, which are two feasible methods

in the given context, although reuse and waste prevention are regarded as more

desirable methods in preventing negative impacts to the environment from an

environmental perspective. This point indicates that the waste management is

more concerned with institutional feasibility rather than environmental necessity.

The relationships between the waste management and three of the

determinants (time, economic structure, and science) display the same results. It is

important to note that the approach to these determinants are dealing more so with
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how we treat waste, rather than how we remove the origin of the problem. Thus,

this research concludes that, when it comes to environmental effectiveness, it is

obvious that the current waste management focuses on what they can do given the

context, instead of revolutionizing this context to improve waste management,

making more desirable methods, like reuse and waste prevention, feasible.

On the other hand, the study of Madrigal (2018) appraised the solid waste

management awareness, attitude, and practices in a Philippine Catholic Higher

Education Institution. Using a descriptive research design, the data were collected

using a self-administered survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and

inferential statistics. The major findings of the study show that the respondents

demonstrated a very high level of awareness and attitude and high extent of

practice of solid waste management.

Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the awareness, attitude,

and practices of respondents when they were grouped according to status and

religion. Also, the findings established the relationship between awareness and

attitude on one hand and the extent of practice of solid waste management.

Awareness, attitudes, and practices were significantly related to age and

educational level, except for sex which showed no correlation with attitude and

practices. Generally, this study validates how knowledge influences attitude that
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subsequently determines behavior particularly in solid waste management as

intervened by appropriate environmental education.

The study of Vivar et al, (2015) cited the village level solid waste

management in Lahug Cebu City, Philippines. According to the researcher, there

are a lot of human activities that contribute to waste generation. These waste

materials if failed to be disposed in the proper manner and in the proper place

create a serious problem to humans and threat to nature. Solid waste management

plays a big role on the preservation of life and nature. Managing wastes has

become a problem especially in highly urbanized areas. Philippines is considered

as the tiger economy of Asia for its fast growth and development. This

advancement comes together with problems of solid waste management. Republic

Act 9003 of the Philippines addresses different issues regarding solid waste

management. It mandates local government units to implement policies to promote

proper solid waste management.

This study is concerned on the solid waste of Barangay Lahug, Cebu City.

It examines the ordinances and implementation enforced by the local government

unit and the status of practices and compliance the residents in the barangay make

regarding solid waste management. It also investigates the municipal solid waste

management in a barangay level. In conducting this study, interview

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questionnaires were answered by 107 household residents and 21 business or

commercial establishments’ respondents. An interview with the Lahug LGU

representative was held. The survey was conducted to gather information on the

knowledge and practices respondents have on solid waste management.

This paper concludes that Barangay Lahug implements solid waste

management through enforcing Cebu City Ordinance No. 2031 known as solid

waste segregation. The awareness of the residents and business establishments in

the barangay about solid waste management is high. The practices and compliance

of residents indicates the knowledge and training they have acquired. Solid waste

management is a human obligation to fulfill. The inefficiency and failure to sustain

proper solid waste management is a societal, environmental, economical, and

political issue.

The study of Azuelo (2016) assessed the solid waste management strategies

in Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the study, the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000 or RA 9003 mandates the local government units

to take initiatives in managing their daunting problems on ecological solid waste

disposal. Consequently, compliance of Camarines Norte, Philippines on this

mandate needs assessment to determine the existing solid waste management

(SWM) strategies, the effectiveness and the possibility of adoption in each

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municipality.

This study utilized the descriptive method using questionnaire as the main

tool supplemented by interview. Results showed that the existing SWM strategies

with the highest percentages of existence in the twelve (12) municipalities were

provision of number of trucks in transporting solid wastes and knowledge on

waste segregation conducted at every household/establishment. Varying levels

were observed. However, high level of effectiveness is still required for significant

impact, seeing that from the six areas assessed only four municipalities were

identified to have more and highly effective SWM strategies.

Generally, only availability of technology for composting was considered

more effective and can be adopted in all municipalities. Better solid waste

management may be fully attained through the involvement, political will and

commitment of the implementers in the implementation of politically passed

resolutions and undertaking of their initiatives that will stimulate active

participation of the community. All these measures may bring change in health

and environment in the province.

The study of Reyes and Furto (2013) analyzed the greening of solid waste

management in Batangas, City. According to the researchers, management of solid

wastes in the Philippines has long been a responsibility of the Local Government
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Units in the country since the enactment of Republic Act 9003 also known as the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002. In support to the local

government of Batangas City, this study was conducted to propose a plan of action

that will enhance the level of implementation of solid waste management in the

city, lessen the harmful effects to the environment and health of the people and

find solutions to problems encountered in its implementation.

The descriptive survey method was used with 204 respondents taken by

stratified sampling from selected 69 barangays. A Likert scale instrument was

used to measure the level of implementation of solid waste management practices

of the residents and the problems encountered by the residents in the

implementation of solid waste management practices. A checklist determine the

effects of the implementation of solid waste management practices to the

environment and health of the people Data analysis made use of frequency

distribution, weighted mean and ANOVA.

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn.

The residents implement proper solid waste management practices such as selling

of bottles, plastics, cans and other scraps to junkshops; avoiding the use of toxic

and hazardous materials or chemicals; collection of garbage by the municipal

truck; reuse of reusable materials; acquisition of sanitary landfill; and segregation

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of biodegradable from non-biodegradable wastes to a moderate level while

improper solid waste management such as burying hazardous wastes underground

is slightly practiced. Moreover, most of the residents observed the good effects of

proper solid waste management such as clean and orderly surroundings, epidemic-

free and no recorded case of mental instability due to mercury instead of the

harmful effects of improper solid waste management to the environment and to the

health of the people.

Furthermore, the residents encountered problems in the implementation of

solid waste management such as non-operation of a good disposal facility;

irresponsible government officials; rapid urbanization and inefficient collection of

garbage to a minimum level only. Also, different communities in Batangas City

differ in the level of implementation of solid waste management practice. Lastly,

the proposed plan of action may enhance the level of implementation of solid

waste management practices in Batangas City.

The study of Atienza (2005) focused on the breakthrough in solid waste

management through participation and community mobilization by citing the

experiences of Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. This study describes the

increasing trend of solid waste generation in most developing countries. The

researchers discuss the different definitions and views on waste, the factors
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contributing to the accelerating volume of waste generated, and the hazardous

effects of waste on the environment and human health. Because of this trend, the

search for effective and sustainable solid waste management strategies to address

the problems on waste has become a problem for most of the countries.

The study indicates that despite of the hurdles, there are some

municipalities which have been able to develop innovative approaches in

addressing solid waste management problems in their localities. The study

describes how participation and community mobilization can be effective means to

address solid waste management problems in most developing countries. The

study focuses on the Philippine setting, particularly in Los Baños, Laguna, one of

the model towns in solid waste management in the Philippines.

The study of Paghasian (2017) covered the awareness and practices on solid

waste management among college students in Mindanao State University Maigo

School of Arts and Trades. As cited by the researcher, every educational

institution is mandated by law to educate the public on the theories and practices

on solid waste management. To achieve effective and sustainable implementation

of the proper waste management practices, awareness with participation is the key

to be involved in the solid waste management program of an institution. Thus, this

study was conducted to specifically look into the significant relationship between
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the awareness and practices on solid waste management among the college

students of Mindanao State University – Maigo School of Arts and Trades.

A descriptive correlation research design was used in this study with 253

randomly- selected college students. It employed an adopted questionnaire

concerning the awareness of solid waste management of the students and their

practices. Data were gathered, analyzed and interpreted using the frequency and

percentage distribution and chi-square test. Findings showed that the awareness on

solid waste management of the students was high; their practices in terms of

segregation, reduce and recycle were good; and their practices in terms of recycle

and disposal were fair. The awareness on solid waste management of the students

had no influence on their practices in terms of disposal however their awareness

had affected their practices specifically on segregation, reduce, reuse, and recycle.

Synthesis

The various studies discussed in the conceptual and research literatures

presented information that help enriched and became bases of the present study.

After a thorough review, the similarities and the differences of the present study

and other studies are discussed herein. Moreover, the summary of the different

literatures used in the study and their corresponding focus were also included in
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the discussion.

The features of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 in terms

of its objectives, implementation, and sanctions were discussed by Canete et al;

Aquino et al; [Link]; [Link]; and [Link]. On the other hand, Cuffari;

[Link]; [Link]; Dubey; Breyer; Livingston; [Link];

[Link]; and [Link] cited various waste management practiced by

different individuals. Challenges in proper waste management was covered by the

discussions of Tantuco; Rey; [Link]; Vaughn; [Link]; Mayuga; and

Catoto. Meanwhile, [Link] covered the preparation undertaken by the

researchers in the construction of action plan.

The study of Hye Jung was related to the present study as it focused on

solid waste management. Thus, its ideas contributed significantly to the present

study. However, both studies differed in terms of research design. While the study

of Hye Jung applied the qualitative method using interview as data gathering

instrument, the present study employed the qualitative-quantitative method

utilizing both interview questions and survey questionnaires as tools for gathering

data. Moreover, the study of Hye Jung focused on the environmental effectiveness

of solid waste management while the present study concentrates on the waste

management practices of households and included the Act which corresponds with
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them. Additionally, both studies differed in terms of scope. The aforementioned

study was conducted internationally while the present study was conducted in the

country.

Meanwhile, the studies of Madrigal; Vivar et al; Azuelo; Reyes and Furto;

Atienza; and Paghasian tackled solid waste management practices which made

their studies similar and related with the present study. They were also similar

with the present study in terms of methodology, employing the descriptive

research design. However, the differed in the present study in terms of focus and

scope covered. The studies aforementioned merely focused on solid waste

management while the present study also included the features of RA 9003 and the

challenges met in proper waste management.

Regardless of the similarities on the other hand, the present study is

different from the aforementioned studies with regard to the focus of the topic and

the scope covered. This study has its own distinctiveness among other studies

presented and reviewed.

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the local residents’ level of

awareness of RA 9003 and their waste management practices.

Definition of Terms
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The following terms are used in the study and are defined conceptually and

operationally.

Action Plan. This refers a sequence of steps that must be taken, or

activities that must be performed well, for a strategy to succeed.

([Link]) In the study, this refers to the material or output

constructed by the researchers in order to promote proper waste management

practices among households.

Households. A household refers to a social unit of people living in a house

or a home. ([Link]) Meanwhile, as employed in the study,

households refer to the families currently residing in the municipality of Rosario,

Batangas whose waste management practices was assessed.

Implementation. This refers to the process of putting a decision or plan

into effect. ([Link]) As used in the study, it is the means of

implementing the provisions of RA 9003.

Objectives. These refer to the specific steps a company will take to achieve

a desired result or goal. ([Link]) In the study, it is the goal of

the law that is geared towards the protection of the environment and welfare of the

public against the adverse effects of improper waste management practices.

Sanctions. These pertain to the suffering in person, rights, or property that

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is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or public

offenses. ([Link]) As utilized in the study, it refers to the

punishments and penalties provided in RA 9003 that serve as deterrence for

undisciplined and irresponsible persons who violate its provisions.

Waste Management. This encompasses management of all processes and

resources for proper handling of waste materials, from maintenance of waste

transport trucks and dumping facilities to compliance with health codes and

environmental regulations. ([Link]) As used in the study, this

pertains to the waste collection, segregation, treatment, and disposal manifested by

the households in the municipality of Rosario, Batangas.

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CHAPTER III
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, DESIGN, AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the conceptual framework, research design, and

subject of the study, instrument used to gather data, data gathering procedure

together with the statistical methods and techniques used to analyze and interpret

data.

Conceptual Framework

The study was designed to assess the waste management practices among

households in Rosario, Batangas. It employed the input-process model developed

by Ralph Tyler. The model consisted of three frames which were discussed on the

succeeding paragraphs.

The first box contains the input of the research which includes the local

resident’s awareness on the features of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

of 2000; their waste management practices; relationship between their awareness

of RA 9003 and their waste management practices; and the challenges met in

proper waste management.

The second box termed process constitutes the data gathering instruments

employed in the study which were questionnaire and interview. Lastly, the third

box which is the output comprises the action plan proposed by the researchers.
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Figure 1 presents the conceptual paradigm of the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Awareness of the
Residents on the
Features of RA
9003
 Waste
Management
Practices among
Households
 Relationship Survey
between the Questionnaire and Action Plan
Residents Interview
Awareness of the
Features of RA
9003 and their
Waste
Management
Practices
 Challenges met in
Proper Waste
Management

Figure 1
Research Paradigm on the Stakeholders’ Involvement towards a Disaster Resilient Community
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Research Design

The study centered on the waste management practices among households.

It covered the awareness of the residents on the features of RA 9003; their waste

management practices; the relationship between these two aspects; and the

challenges met in proper waste management. The descriptive method of research

was used in the study.

According to (Calderon, 2012), Descriptive research involves the

description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature,

composition or processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing

conditions, or how a person, group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It

often involves some type of comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive

research maybe defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying

and tabulating data about prevailing

conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause effect relationships and t

hen making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without

the aid of statistical methods.

This method was deemed appropriate to use in the study in gathering

information because it involves survey and description of existing facts and

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conditions in the selected barangays and involves analysis and interpretation of

data and information collected. The researchers also employed the qualitative –

quantitative type of research design utilizing informal interview and survey

questionnaire as data gathering instruments.

Subject of the Study

The subjects of the study were 200 local residents of the selected barangays

in Rosario, Batangas. Stratified random sampling technique was used in

determining the respondents from these selected barangays. Some selected local

residents and barangay officials were also interviewed for additional and relevant

information that significantly contributed to the study. Table 1 presents the

distribution of respondents.

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Barangay Number of Households Sample Size
Barangay A 314 50
Barangay B 373 59
Barangay C 303 48
Barangay D 269 43
Total 1259 200

Data Gathering Instrument

Before formulating the questionnaire and questions for interview, the

researchers conducted library research and browsed the internet to gather

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information.

Interview. The interview constituted set of questions formulated to gather

the opinion of the local residents regarding their awareness of the features of RA

9003, their waste management practices, and the challenges met in proper waste

management. The subject of the interview were the local residents and the

barangay officials from the selected barangays in the municipality of Rosario.

Before the conduct of the interview, a letter was made by the researchers asking

for their permissions. The answers given by the subjects were recorded and

analyzed by the researchers to substantiate their study.

Questionnaire. The main data gathering instrument used by the researchers

was a questionnaire which contained three parts. The first part was about the

awareness of the respondents of the features of RA 9003; the second part dealt on

their waste management practices; and the third part covered the challenges met in

proper waste management.

Construction. In the construction of questionnaire, the researchers gathered

relevant information based on the statement of the problem. After the

consolidation of information, the researchers made a survey questionnaire to

gather the needed information. The first draft was made and presented to the

adviser who gave some suggestions and recommendations to improve it. The
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researchers incorporated all suggestions given and prepared the second draft of the

questionnaire. Again, they submitted it to their research adviser who gave them the

permission to reproduce the copies for validation.

Validation. Content validation was done by two experts to validate the

items in the questionnaire. Further revisions were made. All the suggestions for

the improvement of the instrument were properly considered. The researchers

presented the validated questionnaires to their adviser for approval and for added

comments and other suggestions. After the suggestions had been incorporated, the

last draft of the questionnaire was finalized.

Administration. To administer the questionnaire, the researchers prepared a

letter of request to the captains of the selected barangays for permission to

administer the questionnaires to their local residents. After the approval of the

barangay captains, the researchers administered the questionnaire personally to the

respondents who were requested to answer with concern, honesty and sincerity.

The questionnaires were collected for tallying and interpretation.

Scoring of responses. After the copies of the questionnaire were retrieved

and accomplished, the results were tallied, tabulated and treated statistically. The

researchers made use of a four point scale wherein 1 corresponded to the lowest

and 4 as the highest to measure the awareness of the local residents of RA 9003,
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their waste management practices, and the challenges met in proper waste

management. The scale was as follow:

Scale Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

4 3.50-4.00 Very Much Aware/Strongly Agree

3 2.50-3.49 Aware/Agree

2 1.50-2.49 Slightly Aware/Disagree

1 1.00-1.49 Unaware/Strongly Disagree

Data Gathering Procedure

The initial step undertaken by the researchers in gathering the necessary

data in this study was to secure a letter from the barangay captains requesting the

approval for the distribution of questionnaires to the local residents.

With the approval of the barangay captains and research adviser, the

researchers started to personally distribute the questionnaires to the selected

barangays namely Barangay A, B, C and D. The questionnaires were given to the

respondents to give them ample time to answer the items. The researchers

retrieved the answered questionnaires and started tallying and tabulating the data.

Soon after, the data were analyzed and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools were used to interpret the data:

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Weighted mean. This was used to determine the assessment of the

respondents regarding their awareness of the features of RA 9003, their waste

management practices, and the challenges met in proper waste management.

Composite mean. This was used to determine the average of respondents’

assessment.

Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation. This was used to

determine the relationship between the assessment of the local residents’ level of

awareness of RA 9003 and their waste management practices.

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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data based on the

evaluation of the respondents.

1. Awareness of the Local Residents on the Features of RA 9003

This study revealed the awareness of the local residents regarding the

features of RA 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002. The

said features refer to the objectives, implementation, and sanction of the law.

1.1. Objectives. RA 9003 was implemented for the protection of the

environment and welfare of the citizens. Hence, its objectives was also geared

towards the benefits of the local residents. Table 2 presents the level of awareness

of the local residents on the implementation of RA 9003 relative to the said

objectives.

Table 2
Awareness of the Local Residents of the Objectives of RA 9003
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Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. ensures the protection of the public health and the environment. 3.21 A
2. promotes environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and 2.97 A
encourage resource conservation and recovery.
3. ensures the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste. 3.26 A
4. promotes national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and 2.99 A
resource conservation techniques.
5. encourages greater private sector participation in solid waste management. 3.13 A
6. encourages cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market- 3.03 A
based instruments.

7. promotes public participation in the development and implementation of national and local integrated, 3.02 A
comprehensive, and ecological waste management programs.
8. strengthens the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and recovery 3.06 A
topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education.
Composite Mean 3.08 A

Legend: A = Aware

As shown in the table, local residents shows awareness on the objectives of

RA9003 in ensuring the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage,

treatment and disposal of solid waste which place them in first rank, indicated as

the weighted mean of 3.26. This only prove the effectiveness of the information

dissemination done by each barangay headed by their barangay captains to their

residence. And the cooperation of the residence in understanding the objectives

and rules and applying it to their real life situation regarding solid waste

management in their barangay. Effective segregation of wastes means that less

waste goes to landfill which makes it cheaper and better for people and the

environment and it is legally required.

In addition, efficient collection and transport of solid waste will provide

citizens with a clean environment in which communicable diseases will be greatly

reduced. All the waste collected from households and other establishments should
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be emptied and disposed of through a socially and environmentally acceptable

practice so it is very vital that there is public and self-awareness about the

objectives of the R.A 9003. This supported the study of Vivar et al, (2015) that

these waste materials if failed to be disposed in the proper manner and in the

proper place create a serious problem to humans and threat to nature, solid waste

management plays a big role on the preservation of life and nature.

Moreover, the respondents are also aware on ensuring the protection of the

public health and the environment provided by the objectives of R.A 9003. This

result is proven with its weighted mean of 3.21, hence earning the second rank

among the statements that are related to objectives. This only indicates that their

health is their basic concern. They see the effects of poor waste handling and

disposal as of their experience, observation and learnings that can lead to

environmental pollution, encourage the breeding of disease-vector insects, animal

scavengers and rodents, and result in a range of diseases through different routes

of exposure. This supported Dubey (2016), that hazardous wastes can cause long

term health problems, so it is very important that they are disposed of correctly

and safely and not mixed in with the normal waste coming out of home or office.

As expressed by the weighted means of 3.13, the respondents also

portrayed awareness regarding the objectives of R.A 9003 in encouraging greater

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private sector participation in solid waste management, earned the third rank

among the other objectives. This supported Paghasian (2017) that to achieve

effective and sustainable implementation of the proper waste management

practices, awareness with participation is the key to be involved in the solid waste

management program of an institution.

Meanwhile, tied in the middle rank of being fourth and fifth reflects the

respondents’ awareness on strengthening the integration of ecological solid waste

management and resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic

curricula of formal and non-formal education and encouraging cooperation and

self-regulation among waste generators through the application of market-based

instruments provided by the objectives of R.A 9003. These were validated by the

weighted means of 3.06 for the fourth rank and 3.03 for the fifth rank. Educational

programs and activities are potent means to raise awareness among the members

of the academic community about this pressing environmental issue and to take

active roles in the protection and care of the environment, our common home.

Cooperation and Self-regulation are important for development behave in socially

acceptable ways – because these gives the ability to control impulses and they can

follow the rules and makes rules to behave well regarding solid waste

management.
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In the last rank indicates that the respondents are still aware regarding the

objectives in promoting environmentally-sound methods that maximize the

utilization of valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and

recovery as stated by R.A 9003. This is justified with the lowest weighted mean of

2.97. Resource recovery is using wastes as an input material to create valuable

products as new outputs. The aim is to reduce the amount of waste generated,

thereby reducing the need for landfill space, and optimizing the values created

from waste they see that they can use waste into cash and to earn fund for them to

have facilities regarding waste management. Respondents agreed that they don’t

have facilities to handle their community waste because for the lack of space but

they have different ways or project that may substitute for the lack of the facility.

Supported the study of Hye Jung (2016) revealed that the current solid waste

management depends greatly on energy recovery and recycling, which are two

feasible methods in the given context, although reuse and waste prevention are

regarded as more desirable methods in preventing negative impacts to the

environment from an environmental perspective. This point indicates that the

waste management is more concerned with institutional feasibility rather than

environmental necessity.

In general, the respondents manifested their awareness on the objectives of

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R.A 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002 that was evident

by the composite mean of 3.08. They are aware that it was implemented for the

protection of the environment and welfare of the citizens. It was also geared

towards the benefits of the local residents. Thus, the information dissemination

done by the barangay officials are not really effective maybe because not all of

their residence received pamphlets and maybe also because they received but they

didn’t read, analyze and understand what it was stated. The act provided to answer

the globally challenging problem of wrong collection, treatment and disposal of

wastes and to protect the environment as well as the welfare of the people, RA

9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

are maybe are not well implemented to their community resulting their awareness

in lower level .

1.2. Implementation. For the effective pursuance of the goals of RA 9003,

efficient implementation of its policies is imperative. The following data are

gathered and formulated based on the awareness of the local residents in the

features of RA 9003 relative to its implementation.

Table 3
Awareness of the Local Residents of the Implementation of RA 9003
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Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. general waste characterization, taking into account the type, quantity of waste generated and estimation 3.14 A
of volume and type of waste for reduction and recycling.

2. appropriate procedure on the segregation of solid wastes. 3.14 A

3. appropriate procedure on the collection of solid wastes. 3.18 A
4. appropriate procedure on the transport of solid waste. 3.13 A
5. guidelines for transfer stations. 2.97 A
6. inventory of existing markets for recyclable wastes and materials. 3.04 A

7. establishment and implementation programs for collection system of recyclable wastes and materials. 3.12 A
8. prohibition on the use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging. 3.09 A
9. establishment of Materials Recovery Facility or MRF in every barangays. 3.17 A
10. composting of environmental wastes. 3.20 A
11. prohibition against the use of open dumps for solid waste. 3.30 A
12. provision of incentives for exemplary performance in promoting proper waste management practices. 2.85 A
Composite Mean 3.11 A

Legend: A = Aware

As shown in the table, first in the rank depicts the respondents awareness

regarding the implementation of R.A 9003 for the prohibition against the use of

open dumps for solid waste . This was validated by the highest weighted mean of

3.30. The most basic reason is the lack of space for dumpsite or facilities for

community’s waste. These supported [Link] which explained the prohibited

acts and the penal provision provided in the law. Open dumping, burying of

biodegradable materials in flood-prone areas; unauthorized removal of recyclable

material; mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste;

and establishment or operation of open-dumps. They are aware but not all are

following the rules for the reason that they don’t have funds for having well and

organized dumpsites and they are relying only on the help of the municipal

officials to what will be provided to them.

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Second in rank portrayed that the respondents are aware regarding in

composting of environmental wastes as a part of the implementation of R.A

9003 . This was proven by the weighted mean of 3.20. They see the importance of

waste separation and organic composting that can provide good solution in

reducing waste disposal. Nevertheless, public awareness is an important key to

improve solid waste management issue.

Meanwhile, source reduction refers to the methods by which the LGUs can

reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed within five years. LGUs are

expected to divert at least twenty five percent of all solid waste from waste

disposal facilities through re-use, recycling and composting activities. The rate of

waste diversion is set to increase every three years.

Ranked third indicates that the implementation of R.A 9003 shows

awareness in terms of having an appropriate procedure on the collection of solid

wastes to the respondents. This was affirmed by the weighted mean of 3.18. Self

and cooperation regulation proved that you can manage your own waste by

yourself and with the help of the community around you. This supported Dubey

(2016) that their office may have a bin for paper and cardboard, the gym has a

mixed recyclables bin, even their house should have some form of waste

segregation as all local councils do collection.

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Meanwhile, the same weighted means of 3.14 reflects the respondents’

awareness regarding the general waste characterization, taking into account the

type, quantity of waste generated and estimation of volume and type of waste for

reduction and recycling and also the appropriate procedure on the segregation of

solid wastes as the implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2002. These both ranked as 5.5 in the table. Aside from the aforementioned,

weighted mean of 3.13 portrayed the respondents’ awareness regarding the

implementation of R.A 9003 on having an appropriate procedure on the transport

of solid waste. They are both in the middle rank of sixth and seventh on the

variables for the implementation. Segregation of waste is must for them because

they say that collectors collect their waste if it was only well segregated and they

leave it if it is not so segregation is need to practice well.

Last in rank portrayed that the respondents are aware regarding the

provision of incentives for exemplary performance in promoting proper waste

management practices in the implementation of R.A 9003. This was expressed in

the weighted mean of 2.85. Because they already know the implementation of the

said act and they also already know their responsibility to follow. They see that

there is no need to have incentives for having proper waste management because it

is their responsibility as a part of the community and they must obey the rules and
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the law implementing in their community.

But for them the problem starts with the people who did not implementing

the proper waste management in their houses thus they just throw their waste

somewhere they know the Act implementing regarding their waste but they not

applying it into everyday living. The lack of discipline and lack of facility hinder

the proper waste management in community. For them to overcome those problem

headed by the barangay officials they disseminate informative pamphlets about

solid waste management act and practices to the residents for the purpose of giving

the residents enough information about waste management. For them , it is

important to educate each of every residents in their community for them to do of

what is being said by the waste management and about the waste segregation those

biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste. On their observation there are

residents who follows but some of them are not, so in order for them to discipline

their fellow residents until now they are educating them by the means of

information dissemination about waste management. Opposite from the other

barangay there are some barangay that all the residents are well disciplined.

In general, the respondents reflects awareness on the implementation of

R.A 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2002. This was

manifested by the composite mean of 3.11. Hence, they are aware but not strongly
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aware maybe they know that there is an act about that something but they don’t

know of what about it. Because even though the barangay officials disseminate

informative pamphlets about solid waste management act and practices to the

residents for the purpose of giving the residents enough information about waste

management not all the houses in the community may be given or maybe they

have those pamphlets but they did not read, analyze and understand of what it is

stated . The problem starts with the people who did not implementing the proper

waste management because you can’t control them of what they wanted to do or

what are the effects and the sanctions may be given to them if they disobey the

Act.

1.3. Sanctions. RA 9003 was implemented to provide severe punishments

to deter the people from committing offenses regarding the unlawful dealings with

wastes. Table 4 shows the data on the awareness of the local residents of the said

law relative to its unlawful acts and the corresponding penalties.

Table 4
Awareness of the Local Residents of the Sanctions of RA 9003
Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. a fine of not less than three hundred pesos but not more than one thousand pesos or 3.12 A
rendering of community service for not less than one day to not more than fifteen days
to an LGU for littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places.

2. a fine of not less than three hundred pesos but not more than one thousand pesos or 2.84 A
imprisonment of not less than one day but not more than fifteen days for undertaking
activities in violation of sanitation operation.
3. a fine of not less than three hundred pesos but not more than one thousand pesos or 2.85 A
imprisonment of not less than one day but not more than fifteen days for open burning
of solid waste.
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4. a fine of not less than one thousand pesos but not more than three thousand pesos or 2.88 A
imprisonment of not less than fifteen days but not more than six months for causing or
permitting the collection of non-segregated or unsorted wastes.

5. a fine of not less than one thousand pesos but not more than three thousand pesos or 3.09 A
imprisonment of not less than fifteen days but not more than six months for squatting in
open dumps and landfills.
6. a fine of not less than one thousand pesos but not more than three thousand pesos or 3.14 A
imprisonment of not less than fifteen days but not more than six months for open
dumping and burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials in flood prone
areas.
7. a fine of five hundred thousand pesos plus and amount not less than five percent but 2.97 A
not more than ten percent of his net annual income during the previous year for mixing
of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box,
container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal.

8. a fine of five hundred thousand pesos plus and amount not less than five percent but 3.03 A
not more than ten percent of his net annual income during the previous year for
manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials.

Composite Mean 2.99 A

Legend: A = Aware

As gleaned in the table, the respondents agreed that they are aware that

there's a fine of not less than one thousand pesos but not more than three thousand

pesos or imprisonment of not less than fifteen days but not more than six months

for open dumping and burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials in

flood prone areas. This ranked first, gathering the highest weighted mean of 3.14.

This implies that the local residents does not established open dumps near flood

prone areas as it results to blockage of canals and has significant effect on health

and also contributed to the contamination of water. They are also familiar with

corresponding consequences. The data revealed that the awareness of local

residents to the sanction of ecological solid waste management act process the

learnings to understand the proper waste management in their community .

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Gathering a weighted mean of 3.12. The second in rank indicates that

respondents are aware of the fine of not less than three hundred pesos but not

more than one thousand pesos or rendering of community service for not less than

one day to not more than fifteen days to an LGU for littering, throwing, dumping

of waste matters in public places. This was significantly implemented in each

barangay, and it was even posted on every corner of the street, thus the local

residents are familiar-with the sanction. This supported the sixth chapter of RA

9003 which provides a comprehensive list of prohibited acts including: littering,

throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places; undertaking activities in

violation of sanitation operation; open burning of solid waste; causing non-

segregated waste; squatting in open dumps and landfills; open dumping, burying

of biodegradable materials in flood-prone areas; unauthorized removal of

recyclable material; mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other

solid waste; and establishment or operation of open-dumps.

The local residents agreed that there's a fine of not less than one thousand

pesos but not more than three thousand pesos or imprisonment of not less than

fifteen days but not more than six months for squatting in open dumps and

landfills. The third rank gather the weighted mean of 3.09. This implies that the

local residents does not established open dumps as there is a corresponding

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consequences. This was supported the law which indicates that no open dumps nor

any practice or disposal of solid waste that constitutes open dumps for solid waste

shall be allowed. The data revealed that the awareness of local residents to the

sanction of ecological solid waste management act process the learnings to

understand the proper waste management in their community .

In the fourth and the fifth of the result place on the middle rank, the

respondents expressed their awareness on the sanction given to those who violate

or disobey the law of R. A 9003 that in the fourth rank it is stated that a fine of

five hundred thousand pesos plus and amount not less than five percent but not

more than ten percent of his net annual income during the previous year for

manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging

materials. This is expressed by the weighted mean of 3.03. On the other hand, the

fifth rank indicates that a fine of five hundred thousand pesos plus and amount not

less than five percent but not more than ten percent of his net annual income

during the previous year for mixing of source-separated recyclable material with

other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste

collection or disposal. This only explained that they are aware of the significance

of their actions in consequences might they have. They realized that law reacts on

the action that they made, that there is no something to lose when following the
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rules and when you don’t it may ruined you life. They now understand that in

every action there is equal and opposite reaction, consequences at the end is the

result of the action made at the beginning. This supported the act that provides a

special account in the National Treasury called the Solid Waste Management Fund

that will be sourced from fines and penalties imposed, proceeds of permits and

licenses, donations, endowments, grants and contributions and amount allocated

under the annual General Appropriations Act and then will be utilized to finance

products, facilities, technologies, and processes that would enhance proper solid

waste management; awards and incentives; research programs; information,

education, communication and monitoring activities; technical assistance; and

capability building activities.

Aside from these, respondents also perceived their awareness on the sanction

regarding the fine of not less than three hundred pesos but not more than one

thousand pesos or imprisonment of not less than one day but not more than fifteen

days for undertaking activities in violation of sanitation operation. This gained the

lowest weighted mean of 2.84 and in the lowest rank. Violators are not scared of

the sanctions that will be given to them because they thought that the act is not

well implemented, and it is not so strong enough for them to follow. There is a

need of people for catching violators because violators celebrate when they do
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wrong but no one caught them. Additionally, this supported [Link] that

explained the prohibited acts and the penal provision provided in the law that in

the sixth chapter of RA 9003 provides a comprehensive list of prohibited acts that

includes the undertaking activities in violation of sanitation operation. Strength of

a law directly affects its effectiveness.

As signified by the composite mean of 2.99, it shows the awareness of the

local residents on the sanctions of RA 9003. They are not strongly aware because

they are only aware that it has specific sanction given to those violate but they are

like rats that secretly making something that they don’t want others to caught

them. They give the reason for violating the act but if it is only reasonable. They

are aware of prohibited acts and their corresponding sanctions. According to them

the local authorities will call the violator to the barangay hall/office and if proven

that he commit the violation then he will be sanction. Most of the time the sanction

is community service for first time offense and for the second time he will be

penalty that cost 1, 500. People who caught to violate the act will be doing

community service. And much more is that they will be fine for the violation. The

lack of personnel, weak leadership ignorance and laziness may result in ineffective

waste management. Supported the study of [Link] that states that there are

many causes for waste mismanagement and environmental problems. One of these
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is ignorance of people about proper waste disposal entails that they are unaware of

consequences of their unwise acts, lack of political leadership mean that the public

are starting to tune out and also their laziness can cause detrimental effects on the

environment as this induce them to become unconcern on the possible effects of

their behavior such as disregarding the rules on proper garbage disposal. Their

irresponsible actions will have grave consequences both on their health and their

environment..

2. Waste Management Practices among Households

This study revealed the waste management being practiced among different

households in the selected barangays in the municipality of Rosario, Batangas.

Table 5 presents the analysis and interpretation of data of the respondents.

Table 5
Waste Management Practices among Households

Variables Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. separate biodegradable from non-biodegradable materials before 3.49 A
throwing them in trash bins.
2. separate non-harmful wastes from toxic and hazardous wastes 3.26 A
(e.g., pentel pens, laboratory chemicals, ink, batteries, and others).
3. separate recyclable wastes from non-recyclable wastes. 3.64 SA
4. reuse waste materials for other valuable means. 3.48 A
5. dispose biodegradable wastes into a compost pit. 3.33 A
6. give the wastes and garbage to the trash collector assigned in the 3.20 A
community.
7. convert or redesign waste materials into a new product. 3.43 A
8. initiate income generation out of waste materials. 3.30 A
9. donate appliances and materials that we are not using to other 3.22 A
people so as to lessen the waste.
10. dispose garbage and waste materials in solid waste designated 3.31 A
area or material recovery facility used in the community.
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11. throw waste materials in common open dumps. 2.49 D
12. dispose the wastes and trashes in public wastes for my 1.78 D
convenience.
13. throw the collected wastes in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of 1.70 D
water.
14. burn waste materials. 2.05 D
15. mix all types of garbage in one container. 2.01 D
16. use waste and easily combustible materials as fuels. 2.27 D
17. dispose hazardous and toxic wastes (e.g., paints leftovers 1.88 D
chemicals) or electronic wastes in any garbage container.
18. dump garbage and solid waste in open area or site near our 2.13 D
house.
19. dump infectious waste, chemical waste, and toxic substances in 1.79 D
one container or one site without regards if they are contaminated or
not.
20. bury different kind of waste materials in the ground. 1.83 D
Composite Mean 2.68 A

Legend: SA = Strongly Agree A = Agree D = Disagree

As shown in the table, the respondents strongly agree that they separate

recyclable wastes from non-recyclable wastes. Among the other statements that is

under waste management practices, this got the highest weighted mean of 3.64,

placing it in first rank. The respondents are fond to recycle their waste as they are

tend to sell it. This was shown among the houses in each barangay collecting it

and recyling papers, cartoons and plastics. Respondents conceive recycling can

reduce emissions because producing new products from recovered materials often

saves energy. They often recycle as it was a method that has been practiced ever

since. This supported Guzman [Link] who indicates that many municipalities require

that those who generate solid wastes must separate and keep bottles, cans,

newspaper, cardboards and other recyclables items.

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The respondents also agreed that they separate biodegradable from non-

biodegradable materials before throwing them in trash [Link] result is proven

with its 3.49 weighted, hence earning the second rank among the statements that

are related to household practices towards waste management. The value of

separating waste is much more implemented in houses which signifies their

positive attitude towards waste. Contrast to this, local officials condemned that

several houses are still not conducting such technique, hence different type of

wastes are hand in one container. More over local officials conclude there should

have bins that allocate in every types of waste. This supported the Philippine

government signed into law the Republic Act (R.A.) 9003 which is also

known as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 or RA 9003 that

Segregation of waste at source and segregated collection are necessary to ensure

good quality recyclables would reach the recyclers, and thus also help to sustain

the trading of recyclables.

Furthermore, the reuse of waste materials for other valuable means. Rank as

third highest weighted mean of 3.48, this is only proved that they agreed of doing

such practices. Reuse is the process of recovering materials intended for the same

or different purpose without the alteration of physical and chemical characteristics

(Art. 2, Sec. 3, R.A 9003). The respondents have been used reuse technique to
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make a new product and results in less products going into the rubbish bin and

ending up in landfill.

It is also worth noting that the respondents also agreed that they give the

wastes and garbage to the trash collector assigned in the community. and it is

justified with weighted mean of 3.20- which is in the fourth rank. The trash

collector mentioned was only the municipal trash collector, not all houses are

reached by the round of municipal waste truck hence, some houses treat their

waste by their own practices such as burning. During the rounds of the waste truck

houses are required to give their waste to properly disposed by the municipal

waste collector. The collection of waste happens every morning around 5-6 am.

This supported Bernardo who indicated that The households rely on garbage

collection by the government .

However, the respondents disagreed that they throw waste materials in

common open dumps. It is expressed in the weighted mean of 2.49, which is

considered to be in the eleventh rank. The reason for this is because they have no

open dumps because the implementation of the ecological solid waste

management act, which failed to follow will be fine that cost one thousand pesos

but not more than three thousand pesos. Yet some houses stock their waste on

their backyards, waste such as fallen leaves and sticks and let the wind scatter the
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waste. This supported Cunningham who reported that Open, unregulated dumps

are still the predominant method of waste disposal in most disposal in most

developing countries.

Meanwhile, the respondents also disagreed that they burn waste materials. and

it is expressed in the weighted mean of 2.05 which is placed in the fourteenth rank.

They disagree with this kind of explain. It was implemented that burning of waste

is prohibited, thus they collect waste and given to the municipal waste collector.

But houses that was not reached by waste collector tend to burn their waste as they

have no place to put their waste.

Aside from these, the results also presented that they disagreed to dispose

hazardous and toxic wastes (e.g., paints leftovers chemicals) or electronic wastes

in any garbage container. This is justified with the weighted mean of 1.88, hence

earning the sixteenth place. The reason for this disagreement of respondents is

that this type of wastes are treated as harmful to health, thus this should be place

on which it cannot affect the health and dispose properly. But some houses tend to

combine waste due to ignorant attitude towards the consequences of this improper

practice.

Moreover, the respondents disagreed on the way of disposing waste by

throwing the collected wastes in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. And it is
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justified with the weighted mean of 1.70, which is in the last rank. The reason for

this is they do not adapt to this kind of improper waste disposal because of the

implementation of the act and failure to follow will fine of about Payment in the

amounts not less than Three hundred pesos (P300.00) but not more than One

thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or penalty of Rendering of community service for not

less than one (1) day to not more than fifteen (15) days to an LGU where such

prohibited acts are committed.

The level of agreement on waste management practices among households

was described as agree. This obtained, a composite mean of 2.68. This indicates

that the practices of household towards waste is reflected through their waste

management practices as they agreed on doing and implementing it. Houses

revealed that due to unavailability of reaching their house by the waste truck, their

waste are not properly treated. But majority of the houses that was reached by the

municipal waste truck was reported to be treated properly. Actions prohibited

regarding disposal of waste has been followed of majority this is due to the act

which contains fines and penalties if they failed to follow. Thus result shows that

they are practicing waste management in their house.

3. Relationship between the Local Residents’ Level of Awareness of RA 9003

and their Waste Management Practices

The awareness of the local residents regarding the features of RA 9003, or

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lack thereof, might influence the different waste management practices they

demonstrated. Table 6 presents the relationship between the local residents’

awareness of the aforementioned act and their waste management practices

manifested.

Table 6
Relationship between the Local Residents’ Level of Awareness of RA 9003
and their Waste Management Practices

Sources of r-value Verbal

Decision
Variation Computed Tabular Interpretation
Objectives 0.41 0.71 Accept Ho Not Significant

Implementation 0.56 0.71 Accept Ho Not S ignificant

Sanctions 0.41 0.71 Accept Ho Not Significant

Objectives gathered computed value of 0.41 and tabular value of 0.71 and

the decision of accepted hypothesis and having verbal interpretation is not

significant. On the other hand, Implementation exceeds in tabular value of 0.56

rather than computed value having 0.71 of result, thus the null hypothesis was
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accepted. This was verbally interpreted as not significant. Moreover, gathering the

computed value of 0.41 and tabular value of 0.71, Sanctions was not significant.

Thus, hypothesis was established.

In aggregation with this the level of the awareness of the local residents

regarding the feature of R.A 9003 was not directly affect their practices towards

waste management but it focuses on their own way of demonstrating the practices.

Thus ,the awareness level regarding the feature of R.A 9003 is a tool which

cannot affect the local residents on how they managed their waste.

4. Challenges in Proper Waste Management

The provisions of RA 9003 was rigidly implemented in the whole country.

However, the said endeavor to handle and manage solid waste, and thereby protect

the environment, also face several challenges that might present conflict in the

attainment of its objectives. Table 7 shows the data of the different challenges

confronted in proper waste management.

Table 7
Challenges in Proper Waste Management

Variables Mean Verbal

Interpretation
1. financial resources to effectively dispose the wastes. 3.52 SA
2. rigid implementation of corrective measures to deal with the 3.47 A
person who violate the prohibited act in disposing with wastes.
3. facilities, equipment, and tools needed for proper waste collection, 3.43 A
treatment and disposal.
4. knowledge of the local residents regarding different kind of 3.48 A
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wastes.
5. creativity of the local residents to use the wastes in useful means. 3.45 A
6. participation of the community members to properly implement 3.57 SA
the program in proper disposal of wastes.
7. discipline among local residents in following proper waste 3.57 SA
management.
8. knowledge of the local residents regarding the proper procedures 3.54 SA
in dealing with their wastes.
9. local residents’ manifestation of care and concern for the 3.50 SA
environment.
10. absence of trash collector in the community. 3.50 SA
11. existence of open dump sites in the community. 3.38 A
Composite Mean 3.49 A

Legend: S = Strongly Agree A = Agree

As displayed on the table, the participation of the community members to

properly implement the program in proper disposal of waste resulted to first rank,

which attain the highest weighted mean of 3.57 This manifest that the lack of

participation of residents to engage in programs which deals with proper disposal

become the hindrance to implement the proper waste disposal in the community.

Participation by local communities might involve separating waste at household

level, handing over separated waste to the waste collector and composting of

organic wastes in their backyards. The success of a waste management depends on

the participation of members of the public as well as private sector organizations.

In areas where there is poor participation by local communities, it is argued that it

could be improved if incentives were given to community members.

In addition, respondents strongly agree that proper waste management is

affected by the discipline of the residents in following proper waste management

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this is evident by having the weighted mean of 3.57 achieving the rank of one

also. This dominate the action of the residents as it reflects that having discipline

on following proper waste management can result to better outcome. Discipline is

a key factor which push the residents to manage their waste accordingly, thus

having no discipline could affect the proper waste management.

Moreover, they also strongly agreed that the knowledge of the local

residents regarding the proper procedures in dealing with their wastes affects the

proper implementation of waste. This is justified with a weighted mean of 3.54,

hence earning the third rank. This only prove that proper waste disposal begins

with good waste management by that could be done by minimum the waste

generation, reusing materials, and recycling of appropriate. When waste is not

generated, it resulted as challenge which hindrance the implementation of waste

management in the community.

Futhermore, the presence of trash collector in the community affects the

proper waste management as the residents strongly agreed with this. This is

evident with the result of 3.50 as the weighted mean. This indicates as fifth on the

rank. Since the area of the research was urban the trash collector designated to

each barangay was coming from the municipal waste collectors. The collectors

round every morning and collects the waste. But some houses in the urban area
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was not reachable of the waste truck, this results with treating their waste

improperly. More over the waste that was not collected was spilled away by street

dog, hence waste was dispersed again. On the other hand, waste collected by the

municipal waste collectors are treated properly.

With the weighted mean of 3.50 which is consider as sixth in the rank, the

respondents also strongly agreed that the local residents’ manifestation of care and

concern for the environment can alter the proper management of waste. This

designates that having the care for the environment can affect the waste

management. The absence of care in the environment is a challenge that was

adhere by the respondents.

The respondents agreed that the existence of open dump sites in the

community can affect the waste management. This placed as the last rank for

having the weighted mean of 3.38. This has been reflected through the utilization

of unregulated dump sites and landfills exhaustively although other alternatives

can be considered. Primary reasons were drawn from inadequate technical and

financial resources, lack of space , unwillingness of stakeholders, and minimal

local awareness. Consequently, there is absence of comprehensive monitoring

scheme of dump sites and landfills operation in the community.

As reflected by the composite mean of 3.49, the result shown that

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respondents agree that proper waste management was affected by the challenges.

Lack of participation of residents to the implementation greatly affects the proper

waste management. In addition the lack of discipline among the residents in

treating their waste leads into improper waste management. The lack of trash

collector was also mentioned , leads into the improper waste management. Also

the lack of appropriate solid waste disposal systems includes dumps shifting, crude

dumping and open burning might pose detrimental effect to the public health and

impair surrounding environment at large. Also allocated very close to residential

houses and local wells used as a water source. Therefore this dump may cause

health problems for the nearby communities if the situation is not controlled.

5. Action Plan for Proper Waste Management

The output is in a from of action plan. An action plan is a document that

lists what steps must be taken in order to achieve a specific goal. The purpose of

an action plan is to clarify what resources are required to reach the goal, formulate

a timeline for when specific tasks need to be completed and determine what

resources are required.([Link]

are five action plan that address each issue

The first action plan was entitled “Put Waste in Right Place Project:

Bins for all”. This contains the information on the issue that needed to address.
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The issue is the lack of trash bin for proper segregation. This contains the strategic

plan which are the actions needed to achieve, and various actions to implement.

Further more this was also contained the response of stakeholders to the action

plan, or simply their contribution on the action plan. The plan also contained the

resources prepared for conducting the action plan,, this tackles about the place,

money and materials needed. It was also contained the constraints that possible to

encounter and consider. And lastly the action plan contains the information about

the time frame it mention the date for how long it will be implemented. The

following are the objectives of the action plan:

1. To implement new waste segregation techniques and methods.

2. To have each houses an effective garbage bins which identify and

segregate the types of waste.

3. To increase the overall participation of residents and local officials when

it comes to proper waste segregation.

4. To reduce the negative impact on the environment that is caused by

improper waste management throughout its life-span, from production to d

isposal, via recycling , reducing of waste.

5. To reduce the waste committed violation as stated on the RA. 9003 of

2000.
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The second action plan was entitled “The Dream Clean Team:

Recruitment Plan” . This contains the information on the issue that needed to

address. The issue is the lack of personnel to collect waste. This contains the

strategic plan which are the actions needed to achieve, and various actions to

implement. Further more this was also contained the response of stakeholders to

the action plan, or simply their contribution on the action plan. The plan also

contained the resources prepared for conducting the action plan, this tackles about

the place, money and materials needed. It was also contained the constraints that

possible to encounter and consider. And lastly the action plan contains the

information about the time frame it mention the date for how long it will be

implemented. The following are the objectives of the action plan:

1. To promote and ensure the effective delivery of waste services.

2. To protect the health and well being of people by providing an affordable

waste collection service.

3. Increase number of jobs within waste services, recycling and recovery

sectors.

4. Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment

and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption

of the best environmental practice in ecological waste management

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excluding incineration;

5. To persuade local residents to join in our program which is “The Dream

Clean Team: Recruitment Plan”

The third action plan was entitled Trash-Free Community: A Waste

Disposal Awareness Campaign. This contains the information on the issue that

needed to address. The issue is the lack of landfills to store waste in the

community. This contains the strategic plan which are the actions needed to

achieve, and various actions to implement. Further more this was also contained

the response of stakeholders to the action plan, or simply their contribution on the

action plan. The plan also contained the resources prepared for conducting the

action plan, this tackles about the place, money and materials needed. It was also

contained the constraints that possible to encounter and consider. And lastly the

action plan contains the information about the time frame it mention the date for

how long it will be implemented. The following are the objectives of the action

plan:

1. To improve community awareness of our approach and services to reduce

illegal dumping.

2. To maximize the awareness of the community on how important the

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dumping areas or landfills in a community.

3. To remove suspected hazardous waste and asbestos containing material in a

timely and safe manner.

4. To increase investigations, widen enforcement exposure and intelligence

gathering activities across in the community regarding improper dumping

of wastes.

5. Develop and maintain effective internal and community reporting and

accountability.

The fourth action plan was entitled Consequences Of Waste

Indiscipline. This contains the information on the issue that needed to address.

The issue is the lack of the lack of discipline of the residents. This contains the

strategic plan which are the actions needed to achieve, and various actions to

implement. Further more this was also contained the response of stakeholders to

the action plan, or simply their contribution on the action plan. The plan also

contained the resources prepared for conducting the action plan, this tackles about

the place, money and materials needed. It was also contained the constraints that

possible to encounter and consider. And lastly the action plan contains the

information about the time frame it mention the date for how long it will be

implemented. The following are the objectives of the action plan:

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1. To teach the residents of the community on how to properly dispose their

garbage, to find alternative ways in eliminating their garbage and to ensure

that the community will maintain the cleanliness.

2. To identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with

practice, knowledge, and safety behavior of family members regarding

household waste management and to produce a remedial action plan.

3. To develop strategies for the better management of solid waste based on

information obtained and recommend these strategies for better solid waste

management in community.

4. To obtain the cleanliness and orderliness of the community and to promote

ecological awareness to the residences.

The fifth action plan was entitled Trash into Cash Campaign. This

contains the information on the issue that needed to address. The issue is the lack

of Material Recovery Facility in each barangay . This contains the strategic plan

which are the actions needed to achieve, and various actions to implement. Further

more this was also contained the response of stakeholders to the action plan, or

simply their contribution on the action plan. The plan also contained the resources

prepared for conducting the action plan, this tackles about the place, money and
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materials needed. It was also contained the constraints that possible to encounter

and consider. And lastly the action plan contains the information about the time

frame it mention the date for how long it will be implemented. The following are

the objectives of the action plan:

1. To formulate a plan for implementing the compost project or alternative

treatment facilities for biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste in

households, communities, barangays in cluster of barangays and/or central

composting by LGU.

2. To encouraged the officials to establish a composting area to handle

overflow of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste from households

and other sources, especially in the urban barangays where spaces for

composting facilities is an issue.

3. To maximize the amount of the community waste that is recycled and turn

waste into cash.

4. To promote waste segregation

5. To provide the community for necessary information and skills on how to

manage/collect plastic bottles or recyclable materials.

6. To be part of the global concern- save the Earth.

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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions, and

recommendations of the study.

Summary of Findings

This study assessed the waste management practices among households in

Rosario, Batangas. This focused on the level of the local resident’s awareness on

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 relative to its features; the waste

management practices among households; the relationship between the local

residents’ level of awareness of RA 9003 and their waste management practices;

and the challenges met in proper waste management.

The study made use of the descriptive method of research with self-

constructed questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument complimented by

interview. The respondents of the study were 200 stakeholders chosen through

stratified random sampling technique. Selected local residents and barangay

officials were also interviewed to further substantiate the study.

The data were treated using weighted mean, composite mean, and Pearson

product moment coefficient of correlation.

The analysis and interpretation yielded the following findings:

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1. Awareness of the Local Residents on the Features of RA 9003

1.1. Objectives. The results showed that the highest number of rate mean

who are aware on Objectives that contained RA 9003 in Waste Management

Practices among Household by the result which are 3.26 rate mean of 199

respondents. Meanwhile, some respondents who are not too much aware that

result 2.97 rate mean, thus earning the last place in ranking.

1.2. Implementation. Most of the respondents who are agreed by the

Implementation of Waste Management Practices among Household which

enclosed on RA 9003, these was reflected by the highest weighted mean of 3.30.

However, the lowest weighted mean of 2.85 indicates that respondents disagreed

in the effectiveness of the implementation in their community.

1.3. Sanctions. As expressed with the highest weighted mean of 3.14, the

respondents agreed that the Waste Management Practices among Household help

to less the problem on solid waste in the community by implementing sanctions.

Meanwhile, the idea that some residence in community think some people will

violate the rule even they implemented it, was disagreed upon by the respondents

and got the lowest weighted mean of 2.84.

2. Waste Management Practices among Households

With highest rated mean of 3.64, the respondents agreed that the Waste
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Management Practices among Household is effective to their community as they

separate recyclable wastes from non-recyclable wastes. They also recycle their

wastes as they tend to sell it. This practices will help the community to reduce the

production of wastes and producing and recovering a new products as well. In

addition, those practices will also improve the usage of Material Recovery Facility

in the community. However, the lowest percentage mean of 1.70 indicates

residents are not tend to throw their wastes in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of

water. This means residents are able to segregate their wastes and collected by the

garbage collectors so that there is no one who throws their wastes anywhere.

3. Relationship between the Local Residents’ Level of Awareness of RA 9003

and their Waste Management Practices

The results presented that most of the respondents have a high level of

awareness in RA 9003 and the Waste Management Practices. A sample of 200

residence surveyed in the chosen four barangay in the municipality in Rosario,

Batangas is used for the analysis. The households with those issues and challenge

should be focused to minimize households' waste generation and improve current

waste management practices.

Awareness on various aspects of waste and accessibility of Material

Recovery Facility can also help lessen waste generation and improve waste
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management processes. It was discovered that not all households have government

provided services of waste collection and lack of the things that needed. Therefore,

there should be door-to-door collection and different activities or services in the

community to lessen the problem in Waste Management.

4. Challenges in Proper Waste Management

As expressed with the highest weighted mean of 3.57, the respondents

agreed that some challenges may affect the implementation of proper waste

management in the community. This shows the residents showing lack of

participation in implementing programs in proper waste segregation. The

respondents also agreed that having a lack of discipline may affect the local

residents to implement proper waste management. Meanwhile, the idea that the

respondents in the community think that the existence of open dump sites in the

community also a challenge to implement proper waste management was also

agreed by the respondents by having a lowest weighted mean of 3.38.

5. Action Plan for Proper Waste Management

This proposed plan of activities concerned in the residence in the

Municipality in Rosario, Batangas. Therefore, the researchers thought of a way

which is Action Plan so that the residence could have much more awareness

regarding Proper Waste Management. The suggested program of activities are

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Senior High School
devised by the researchers aimed to enlighten the residence in Rosario, Batangas

regarding Waste Management Practices among Household that could catch their

interest and could instill among them the importance of health and environment.

Conclusions

Based on the findings presented, the following conclusions are derived:

1. By the findings showed that the awareness on proper waste management

of the respondents was high; their practices in terms of objectives, implementation

and sanctions were demonstrated. The awareness on proper waste management of

the respondents had an influence on their practices in terms of disposal however

their awareness had affected their practices specifically on segregation, reduce,

reuse, and recycle.

2. The waste management practices among households was described as

they separate recyclable wastes from non-recyclable waste, they are also separate

biodegradable from non-biodegradable materials before throwing them in trash

bins. The respondents have been used reuse technique to make a new product and

results in less products going into the rubbish bin and ending up in landfill.

3. The significance of the relationship between the local residents’ level of

awareness of RA 9003 was not directly affect their practices towards waste

management but it focuses on their own way of demonstrating the practices.

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PADRE VICENTE GARCIA MEMORIAL ACADEMY, INC.

Senior High School
Hence it was concluded that there is no significant relationship between the level

of awareness of local residents regarding their practices.

4. The challenges met in proper waste management are lack of truck,

dumpsites and trash bins, discipline also of the residence in the community and

also lack of trash collector or personnel.

5. The output is in a form of Action Plan. The proposed plans was entitled

Put Waste in Right Place Proper, The Dream Clean Team: Recruitment Plan,

Trash-Free Community: A Waste Disposal Awareness Campaign, Consequences

of Waste Indiscipline and lastly Trash into Cash Campaign which contains the

issues that encounter in Proper Waste Management.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are

offered:

1. The proposed program of activities, the final output of the study which

can be used to utilized the influence of proper waste management for the local

residents' benefit. This include the improvement of their awareness and discipline

in segregating wastes.

2. The proposed action plan that helps the barangay officials to better

improve the proper waste management in their community. This include the
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PADRE VICENTE GARCIA MEMORIAL ACADEMY, INC.

Senior High School
different possible solutions that can be implemented to their community like the

improving the usage of MRF Facility, conducting a waste management programs

that can better improve the waste management in the community.

3. A similar research may be conducted to enhance and expand the

knowledge about the study.