CIRCULAR MOTION

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

5. Circular Motion

INTRODUCTION

Circular Motion
Motion of bodies in circular path is called circular motion

Angular Motion
Circular motion of a body may also be called angular motion.

CIRCULAR
MOTION

Angular Angular Centripetal

Orbital Motion
displacement Momentum Force

Angular Rotational Moment of Artificial/Geostationary

Velocity Energies Inertia Satellites

angular Law of Real and

conservation of Artificial gravity
Acceleratin Apparent weight
angular momentum

Newton's and
Einstein's views of
gravitation

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT
“It is the angle swept by the radial line during circular motion of a particle measured from some
initial point to some final point.”
 Angular displacement has direction along axis
of rotation and can be determined by right
hand rule
For very small values of angular
 SI unit of angular displacement is radian. displacement it is treated as vector
 One radian is an angle made by an arc at the quantity.
center, whose length is equal to the radius of
circle.

 Definition of radian gives following useful relation:

S = r
 180
1° = rad = 0.0174 rad 1 rad = = 57.3º
180 
 Angular displacement is angle in radian or degree covered by body having circular motion.
 Non S.I units are also used which are “degree” and “rev”.
ANGULAR VELOCITY & ACCELERATION
 Rate of change of angular displacement is called angular velocity;

av  , usually not a vector quantity.
t

ins  lim , always vector quantity. The angular velocity is practically
t 0 t measured in revolution per minute (rpm)
 Tangential and angular velocities are related as: as they provide an easy interpretation of
v = r or v   r angular motion.
 S.I unit of angular velocity is rads–1.
 Rate of change of angular velocity is called angular acceleration.


t
 SI unit of angular acceleration is rads–2
 Angular acceleration is a vector Quantity related to tangential acceleration a by the following
formula a r
 Direction of angular acceleration and angular velocity is along axis of rotation.

All the points on a rigid body rotating

about a fixed axis have same angular
displacement, velocity and acceleration.

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

 If angular velocity increases, then  and  are in same direction and if angular velocity
decreases, then  and  are in opposite direction

Rigid Body
“A body, which maintains a constant distance between its two consecutive particles, when a
definite load is applied to it.”
Note that all the solid bodies can be treated as rigid in a specific range of loads only. e.g. wall is
treated to be rigid for a human being but not for hammer.

CENTRIPETAL FORCE & ACCELERATION

The force required to bend a straight line path of a body into the circular path is called
centripetal force.
If the centripetal force is removed from the rotating object it will follow a straight-line motion
confined on the tangent to that circular path.

Assumptions
To derive the equations for the centripetal acceleration we assume that speed of the object is
constant so that the tangential component of velocity does not produce acceleration but radial
component only. The equation is
v v2
a at  ar
t r
 In vector form, centripetal force and acceleration can be written as;
r r  mv2   mv2  r
Fc  mr2$r  mr2     ˆ
r    2 r
 r   r 
 v2   v2 
a c  r2 r  r     r    2  r
 r  r 
 Work done by centripetal force is zero.
 Centripetal and centrifugal forces form true action & reaction pair but they can’t balance each
other because they don’t act on same body.

Centripetal Force in Different Situation

SITUATION CENTRIPETAL FORCE

A particle tied to a string and whirled in a
Tension in the string
horizontal circle
Vehicle taking a turn on a level road Frictional force exerted by the road on the tyres
A vehicle on a speed breaker Weight of the body or a component of weight
Revolution of earth around the sun Gravitational force exerted by the sun
Electron revolving around the nucleus in an Coulomb attraction exerted by the protons in the
atom nucleus
A charged particle describing a circular path in Magnetic force exerted by the agent that sets up the
a magnetic field magnetic field
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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
COMPARISON OF LINEAR MOTION AND ANGULAR MOTION
ANALOGY BETWEEN TRANSLATORY MOTION AND ROTATORY MOTION
d 
 Linear velocity, v  Angular velocity,  
t t
 Linear displacement, d Angular displacement, 
 Acceleration or linear acceleration, 
Angular acceleration,  
v t
a
t
 Mass, m Moment of inertia, I = mr2
 Linear momentum, P  mv Angular momentum, L  1
 Impulse, I  F  t Angular impulse =  t
p L
 Force, F  ma  Torque,   1 
t t
Work, W  F.d  m  v 22  v12  I  22  12 
1 1
 Rotational work, Wr   
2 2
 Power = F.v Power =  . 
1 1 2
 Kinetic energy, K.E  mv 2 Kinetic energy of rotation, K.E r  I
2 2
 Newton’s laws in linear motion: First law: Newton’s laws in rotational motion: First law: If
If F = 0 then v = constant  = 0 then  = constant
Second Law: F  ma Second Law:   1
Third Law: F12  F21 Third Law: 12  21
 Equations of linear motion Equations of rotational motion
1 1
(i) vf = vi + at (ii) S = vit + at 2 (i) f  i  t (ii)   i t  t 2
2 2
(iii) vf – vi  2aS
2 2
(iii) f  i  2
2 2

 Distance covered in nth second Angle subtended in nth second


n  i   2n  1
a
Sn  vi   2n  1
2 2
 S = vt  = t
v  vf   f
  v  i   i
2 2
MOMENT OF INERTIA
“The measure of hindrance offered by a rigid body against angular motion, when a disturbing
torque acts over the body.”
Mathematically expressed as moment of inertia =I = mr2.
It is measured in kgm2. Moment of inertia depends upon
(i) Mass of the body.

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
(ii) Distribution of the mass about the axis of rotation.
 Moment of inertia plays same role in angular motion as the mass in linear motion.
The equation τ = I  is the rotational analogue of the Newton’s second law F = ma

1
For spin motion Idisc= MR 2
2
For orbital motion Idisc= mr 2

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
Moment of Inertia of Some Regular Bodies

ANGULAR MOMENTUM
 Angular momentum is due to spin motion or orbital motion of a body, and is also called
moment of momentum.
Angular Momentum of a Particle
The angular momentum of a particle of
mass m with respect to a chosen axis is
given by
L = mvr sin θ
or more formally by the vector product
L=rxp
The direction is given by the right hand
rule which would give L the direction out
of the diagram. For a circular orbit,
L becomes L = mvr

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
Angular Momentum
The angular momentum of a rigid object is defined as the product of the moment of inertia and
the angular velocity.

 Orbital angular momentum is greater than spin angular momentum of an electron.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Angular momentum is a conserved quantity only in isolated system.
L1 = L 2,  L =constant if and only if  ext  0
OR I1 ω 1 = I 2 ω 2
 Total angular momentum of a particle or a system of particle remains constant provided no net
external torque acts on it.
Applications
 When a gymnast closes his arms while standing on a rotating joy wheel, the wheel speeds up,
and slows down for the reverse just to conserve angular momentum.
 Springboard diver has more rotation when she pulls her body into tuck position.
 Balance of a sport bicycle is maintained due to the conservation of angular momentum for its
thin rotating wheels.
ROTATIONAL K.E
 Rotational K.E is given by
1
K.Erot = I ω2
2
 Rotational K.E of disc
1 1
K.Erot = mv2= (K.Elin)
4 2
 Rotational K.E of hoop
1
K.Erot= mv2 = (K.Elin)
2
 Velocity of hoop at the bottom of an inclined plane
v  gh

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

 Velocity of disc at the bottom of an inclined plane

4 2
v= gh = gh
3 3
ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
An object revolving around a planet is called satellite
 Moon is natural satellite of Earth
 Moon’s orbital angular velocity and spin angular velocity are same
 A man made rocket or space ship revolving around the earth is called artificial satellite.
 Artificial satellite revolves around the earth due to force of gravity.
 Critical velocity of an artificial satellite is v= gR = 7.9 km s-1
 Period of such artificial satellite is 5060s or 84 min.

Geostationary orbit is also called parking orbit.

REAL AND APPARENT WEIGHT

Force with which earth attracts a body towards its center is equal to the real weight of the body.
The force required to prevent a body from free fall is called its apparent weight.
 Real weight can never be zero while apparent weight may be equal to real weight or zero or
greater than real weight or less than real weight.

In a lift we only feel the difference in weights when

the lift either start moving up or down, once constant
velocity is achieved then weight variation become
zero as well.

 To observe weightlessness, the frame of reference of observer must be the same as that of
satellite or should move like parallel to its fall. e.g. weightlessness is observed only by observer
inside the lift not outside it.
 Weight of object in a stationary or constantly moving lift is; w = mg
 Weight of object in an elevator accelerating upward is; w = (g + a)m
Weight of object in an elevator accelerating downward is; w = (g-a) m
ORBITAL VELOCITY
MG
 Orbital velocity for a satellite is v 
r
r  R  h , here h is height of satellite from surface of earth.
 This shows that mass of satellite is not important in describing its orbit.

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY
 Artificial gravity is created by setting satellite into rotation about its own axis.
 Artificial gravity is a reactional force, which gives impression of real gravity, when ac = g.
 Frequency of rotation to produce artificial gravity, in a spaceship is;
1 g
f 
2 R
 Time period of rotation to produce artificial gravity, equal of real gravity is;
R
T  2
g

GEO-STATIONARY & COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

A satellite whose position does not change w.r.t a certain point on earth is called geo-stationary
satellite.
 Its orbital motion is synchronized with the rotation of earth.
 Geo-stationary satellite completes one rotation in 24 hours.
 Three geo-stationary satellites placed at 120 intervals about the equator can effectively cover
the whole globe for communication.
 Radius of geo-stationary orbit is given by
13
 GMT 2 
r  
 4 
2

Its value is 4.23x104km from center of earth through the equator to the satellite.
 Height of geo-stationary satellite above the equator is 36000km.
 Kepler’s Third Law: The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional
to the cube of the mean distance from the Sun i.e. T 2  r 3 .
 The largest satellite communication system is managed by 126 countries and named as
International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (INTELSAT).
NEWTON’S & EINSTEIN’S VIEWS OF GRAVITATION
 According to Newton, gravitational interaction is taking place between material objects and is
directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between their centre.
 According to Einstein, gravitational interaction is taking place between material objects and also
between material object and electromagnetic radiation.
 According to Einstein, gravity follows the inverse square law, but when gravitational fields are
very strong inverse square law does not hold.
 Einstein’s theory is more close to the experimental facts than that of Newton’s theory.

If the gravity and acceleration of light are

precisely equal then gravity must bend light as
measured in solar eclipse in 1919.

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

EXERCISE
(1) A fireman wants to slide down a rope. The breaking load for the rope is 3/4th of the weight of
the man. With what minimum acceleration should the fireman slide down? Acceleration due to
gravity is g.
(a) zero (b) g
4
3g g
(c) (d)
4 2
(2) A hoop and disc have same mass and radius. Their rotational K.E are related by an equation
(a) K.Ehoop = K.Edisc (b) K.Ehoop = 2K.Edisc
(c) K.Ehoop = 1/2K.Edisc (d) K.Ehoop = 4K.Edisc
(3) The angular velocity of the minute hand of a clock is
2 
(a) rads 1 (b) rads 1
60 24
2 
(c) rads 1 (d) rads 1
3600 3600
(4) The period of a satellite in a circular orbit of radius R is T, the period of another satellite in a
circular orbit of radius 4R is
(a) 4T (b) T/8
(c) 8T (d) T/4
(5) If the earth is at one-fourth of its present distance from the sun, the duration of the year will be
(a) one-eighth the present year (b) one-sixth the present year
(c) one-fourth the present year (d) half the present year
(6) According to Einstein, the gravity interaction is possible between
(a) material objects only
(b) material objects and electromagnetic radiation only
(c) electromagnetic radiations
(d) none of the above
(7) The rotation period of an earth satellite close to the surface of the earth is 83 minutes. The time
period of another earth satellite in an orbit at a distance equal to three times radius of earth
from its surface will be
(a) 83 minutes (b) 664 minutes
(c) 249 minutes (d) 830 minutes
(8) The earth E moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun S at one of the foci as shown in figure. Its
speed of motion will be maximum at the point

(a) E (b) B
(c) C (d) A
(9) The direction of linear velocity of body moving in a circle is
(a) along the axis of rotation (b) along the tangent
(c) directed towards the center (d) directed away form the center
(10) A body revolved around the sun 27 times faster then the earth what is the ratio of their radii
(a)1/27 (b) 1/4
(c) 1/9 (d) 1/3

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(11) A stone of mass 250 g is tied to the end of a string of length 1.0 m. It is whirled in a horizontal
circle with a frequency of 30 rev./min. What is the tension in the string?
π2 π2
(a) N (b) N
4 2
(c) π 2 N (d) 2π 2 N
(12) The relation between linear and angular acceleration is
(a) =a  r (b) a  r  
(c) a   r (d) r   a
(13) For a particle in a non-uniform accelerated circular motion
(a) velocity is radial and acceleration is transverse only
(b) velocity is transverse and acceleration is radial only
(c) velocity is transverse and acceleration has both radial and transverse components
(d) velocity is radial and acceleration has both radial and transverse components
(14) As per given figure to complete the circular loop what should be the radius if initial height is 5
m

(a) 4 meter (b) 5 meter

(c) 2.5 meter (d) 2 meter
(15) The torque of 100Nm acting on a wheel at rest, rotates it through 200 radians in 10s. The
angular acceleration of wheel in rads-2 is
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 6 (d) 8
(16) A body crosses the topmost point of a vertical circle with critical speed. Its centripetal
acceleration, when the string is horizontal will be
(a) 4g (b) 3g
(c) g (d) 6g
(17) A particle moves in a circular path with decreasing speed. Choose the correct statement
(a) the direction of angular momentum remains constant
(b) particle moves in a spiral path with decreasing radius
(c) acceleration  a  is towards the center
(d) angular momentum remains constant
(18) For a particle in circular motion the centripetal acceleration is
(a) may be more or less than its tangential acceleration
(b) more than its tangential acceleration
(c) equal to its tangential acceleration a
(d) less than its tangential acceleration
(19) A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most likely
to break
(a) when the mass is at the highest point of the circle
(b) when the mass is at the lowest point of the circle
(c) when the wire is horizontal
(d) at an angle of cos−1(1/3) from the upward vertical

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

(20) A body can have constant velocity when it follows a

(a) elliptical path (b) circular path
(c) parabolic path (d) rectilinear path
(21) A body moving along the circumference of a circle, completes two revolutions. If the radius of
the circular path is R, total angular displacement covered is
(a)  R (b) 2R
(c) zero (d) 4
(22) A hoop rolls with constant velocity and without sliding along level ground. Its rotational kinetic
energy is:
(a) half its translational kinetic energy
(b) twice its translational kinetic energy
(c) four times its translational kinetic energy
(d) the same as its translational kinetic energy
(23) The angular velocity of the second hand in a mechanical watch is
π π
(a) rad s-1 (b) rad s -1
60 30
π
(c) rad s-1 (d)  rad s-1
120
(24) A cyclist turns around a curve at 15 miles/hour. If he turns at double the speed, the tendency to
overturn is
(a) quadrupled (b) halved
(c) unchanged (d) doubled
(25) A body is moving in a circular path with a constant speed. It has
(a) a constant acceleration (b) an acceleration of constant magnitude
(c) a constant velocity (d) an acceleration which varies with time
(26) A man of mass 90 kg is standing in an elevator whose cable broke suddenly. If the elevator falls freely,
the force exerted by the floor on the man is:
(a) 90 N (b) 900 N
(c) 0 N (d) any negative value
(27) A man weight 1000 N is in a stationary lift. What will be it’s weight if the lift starts moving up
with an acceleration 10 m/s2
(a) 2000 N (b) 3000 N
(c) 1500 N (d) 1000 N
(28) A body is revolving with a constant speed along a circle. If its direction of motion is reversed
but the speed remains the same, then which of the following statement is true
(a) the centripetal force will not suffer any change in magnitude
(b) the centripetal force will have its direction reversed
(c) the centripetal force will not suffer any change in direction
(d) the centripetal force would be doubled
(29) Two bodies of mass 10 kg and 5 kg moving in concentric orbits of radii R and r such that their
periods are the same. Then the ratio between their centripetal acceleration is
(a) R/r (b) r/R
(c) R2/r2 (d) r2/R2
(30) The ratio of angular speeds of minute hand and hour hand of a watch is
(a) 6 : 1 (b) 12 : 1
(c) 1 : 12 (d) 1 : 6
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(31) The period of a satellite in a circular orbit of radius R is T. The period is given by
2R 2R 2
(a) T  (b) T 
v v
3R 4R
(c) T  (d) T 
v v
(32) The angular speed of a fly wheel making 120 revolutions/minute is
(a) 2π rad/s (b) 4π2rad/s
(c) 4π rad/s (d) π rad/s
g
(33) A lift is moving up with an acceleration equal to . The apparent weight of a 60 kg man standing in
5
the lift is:
(a) 480 N (b) 720 N
(c) 600 N (d) 120 N
(34) If such a star has a radius of 20 km, the acceleration of an object on the equator of the star will
be
(a) 20×108m/sec2 (b) 8×105m/sec2
5 2
(c) 120×10 m/sec (d) 4×108m/sec2
(35) A particle of mass m is executing uniform circular motion on a path of radius r. If p is the
magnitude of its linear momentum. The radial force acting on the particle is
(a) mp2/r (b) p2/rm
(c) rm/p (d) pmr
(36) A string breaks if its tension exceeds 10 newtons. A stone of mass 250 gm tied to this string of
length 10 cm is rotated in a horizontal circle. The maximum angular velocity of rotation can be
(a) 20 rad/s (b) 40 rad/s
(c) 100 rad/s (d) 200 rad/s
(37) A 500 kg car takes a round turn of radius 50 m with a velocity of 36 km/hr. The centripetal
force is
(a) 250 N (b) 750 N
(c) 1200 N (d) 1000 N
(38) Two satellite A and B orbiting around the earth in circular orbits of the same radius. The mass
of A is 16 times that of B. The ratio of the period of revolution of B to that of A is
(a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 4
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1
(39) If E is the angle of bending of light predicted by Einstein’s theory of gravity and  N that by
Newton’s, then
1
(a) E =  N (b) E =  N
2
(c) E = 2  N (d) No relation exists between E and  N
(40) Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in circle of radius r1 and r2. Their speeds are such that
period of rotation same. The ratio of their centripetal force is
(a) m1:m2 (b) r1:r2
(c) 1:1 (d) m1 r1:m2 r2

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(41) If a particle covers half the circle of radius R with constant speed then

(a) momentum change is mvr (b) change in K.E. is 1/2 mv2

(c) change in K.E. is mv2 (d) change in K.E. is zero
(42) A point mass m is suspended from a light thread of length l, fixed at O, is whirled in a
horizontal circle at constant speed as shown. From your point of view, stationary with respect to
the mass, the forces on the mass are

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(43) A stone ties to the end of a string 1m long is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant speed.
If the stone makes 22 revolution in 44 seconds, what is the magnitude and direction of
acceleration of the stone
(a) π2/4 ms−2 and direction along the radius towards the centre
(b) π2 ms−2 and direction along the radius away from the centre
(c) π2 ms−2 and direction along the radius towards the centre
(d) π2 ms−2 and direction along the tangent to the circle
(44) A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift drops a ball inside the lift. The
acceleration of the ball as observed by the man in the lift
(a) 0 (b) g + a
(c) g (d) g – a
(45) A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man hangs his bag on the spring and the
spring reads 49 N, when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downward with an acceleration of
5m/s2, the reading of the spring balance will be
(a) 24 N (b) 74 N
(c) 15 N (d) 49 N

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

(46) A thin circular ring of mass m and radius R is rotating about its axis of with constant angular
velocity ω. Two objects of each mass Mare attached gently to the opposite ends of the ring. The
ring now rotates with an angular velocity  ' is equal to
 (m  2M )  (m  2M )
(a) (b)
m m  2M
m m
(c) (d)
mM m  2M
(47) Which graph correctly presents the variation of acceleration due to gravity with the distance
from the centre of the earth (radius of the earth is RE)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
(48) The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc is maximum about an axis perpendicular to
the disc and passing through

(a) B (b) D
(c) C (d) A
(49) As we move to pole from equator of earth the our weight
(a) increases (b) remain same
(c) decreases (d) becomes zero
(50) The density of newly discovered planet is twice that of earth. The acceleration due to gravity at
the surface of the planet is equal to that at the surface of the earth. If the radius of the earth is R,
the radius of the planet would be
(a) 2R (b) 0.25 R
(c) 4R (d) 0.5 R
(51) A body is moving along a circular path with variable speed. It has
(a) a radial acceleration (b) a tangential acceleration
(c) zero acceleration (d) both tangential and radial acceleration
(52) A bucket containing water is tied to one end of a rope of length 2.5m and rotated about the
other end in a vertical circle. What should be the minimum velocity of the bucket at the highest
point, so that the water in the bucket will not spill
(a) 2.5 ms-1 (b) 4ms-1
(c) 5ms-1 (d) 7ms-1

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FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

(53) The angular displacement covered by a body in the following graph is

(a) 40 rev (b) 20 rev

(c) 30 rad (d) 40 rad
(54) A wheel rotates with a constant angular velocity of 600 rpm. What is the angle through which
the wheel rotates in one second?
(a) 5 radian (b) 20 radian
(c) 15 radian (d) 10 radian
(55) Angle between centripetal acceleration and radius vector is
(a) 90o (b) 180o
(c) 0o (d) 45o

ANSWER KEY

1 b 11 a 21 d 31 a 41 d 51 d
2 b 12 c 22 c 32 c 42 c 52 c
3 c 13 c 23 b 33 b 43 c 53 d
4 c 14 d 24 a 34 b 44 a 54 b
5 a 15 a 25 b 35 b 45 a 55 b
6 b 16 b 26 c 36 a 46 d
7 b 17 a 27 a 37 d 47 b
8 d 18 a 28 a 38 d 48 a
9 b 19 b 29 a 39 c 49 a
10 c 20 d 30 b 40 d 50 d

Department of Physics STEM 100

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

SOLUTION
(1) T  mg  ma
 a
T  W 1  
 g
3 a
 1
4 g
g
a
4
1
(2) K.E Hoop  mv 2
2
1
K.E Disc  mv 2
4
11 
K.E Disc   mv 2 
2 2 
2K.E Disc  K.E Hoop
(3)   t
 2
   rads 1
t 3600
(4)

(5)

(6) According to Einstein, materials and E.M radiation can interact.

(7)

(8) Speed of the earth will be maximum when its distance from the sun is minimum because
mvr=constant
(9) Direction of ‘v’ is always along tangent and ‘  ’ is along axis of rotation.
(10)

(11) Fc  mr2

Department of Physics STEM 101

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

2
Fc  N
4
(12) a   r
(13) In non-uniform circular motion particle possess both centripetal as well as tangential
acceleration.
(14)

1
(15)   t 2
2
2 2  200 400
 2   4
t 102  100
(16)

(17) Angular momentum is a axial vector. It is directed always in a fix direction (perpendicular to the
plane of rotation either outward or inward), if the sense of rotation remain same.

(18) There is no relation between centripetal and tangential acceleration. Centripetal acceleration is
must for circular motion but tangential acceleration may be zero.
(19) When the mass is the lowest point of the vertical circle, the tension is maximum
(20) In rectilinear motion, body moves with constant velocity.
(21)
one revolution = 2 radiation
two revolution = 4 radiation
S  r
s 2r
  2
r r
  4
1 2
(22) K .Erot  I
2
I  mr 2
1
K .Erot  mr 2 2
2
1
 mv 2  K .Etrans
2
 2 
(23)    rads 1
t 60 30
(24)

(25) Centripetal acceleration = v2/r = constant. Direction keeps changing.

Department of Physics STEM 102

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

(26) T  mg  mg
T0
(27) T  w  ma
T  1000  100 10
T  1000  20 
T  2000 N
(28) Fc  m 2  r  the magnitude of the centripetal force remains constant but its direction is
continuously changing.
(29)

(30)

(31) S  vt
2R  v  T
2R
T
v
(32)

Department of Physics STEM 103

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion

(33) T  ma  mg
g 
T  m  g 
5 
 g  5g 
 60  
 5 
T  720N
(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

2R
(38) T  T  R (mass independent)
v
(39) Einstein and Newton’s theory prediction is related by E  2N
mv 2
(40) F
r
F1 m1 r2
   v  constant 
F2 m 2 r1
F1 : F2  m1r1 : m 2r2
(41)

(42)

(43)

(44) Both belong to the same frame of reference. So, acceleration is zero.

Department of Physics STEM 104

FUNG Assignment Series Ch 5: Circular Motion
(45)

(46)

(47)

(48) Moment of inertia of circular disc =1/2mR2

Thus, as the distance between the centre and the point increases, moment of inertia increases.
(49) According to relation g  g  R 2 cos2  , the value of g is maximum at poles so our weight will
increase there.
(50)

(51) Due to variable speed it has both tangential and centripetal acceleration.
(52) v  gr

(53)   w  t  10  4  40rad

(54)    t ;   600   20
30
Department of Physics STEM 105