History of Works Programming
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ScribdTranslationsPERUVIAN WINGS UNIVERSITY”
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
PROFESSIONAL ACADEMIC SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
New Techniques in Works Programming
STUDENT:
VASQUEZ TIRADO JOSELITO
TEACHER :
SECOND ALVAREZ CABRERA
ISSUE:
PROGRAMMING BACKGROUND
CYCLE:
CAJAMARCA - 2017
HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING OF WORKS
1. DEFINITION, FUNDAMENTALS AND IMPORTANCE
The Programming is a detailed prefiguration of the future progress of the
work. It is the sequential ordering of all the tasks necessary to execute the
work, taking into account their interdependence and the availability of
production factors.
Work Scheduling allows you to establish how the work will be carried out,
and assign the necessary resources for each job. It allows determining the
duration, start and end date of each task, the total time that the execution of
the work will take, the most important or critical tasks and those that have
flexibility in the use of time.
It aims at the Rationalization of Construction , to optimize the
construction process.
Quality is not only applicable to a product but also to the construction
process. This is why planning and programming are a way to seek quality.
An unscheduled work will take more construction time and will be
economically more expensive since there will be no synchronization in its
development, and there will be tasks that start late and others that cannot
be started because the previous ones have not been completed, which will
cause the maintenance of idle resources. .
On the other hand, developing a schedule will mean efficiently organizing
the work and having financial advantages by reducing the immobilization
time of the investment.
2. PROGRAMMING OBJECTIVES
Meet the Execution Deadline
Comply with the agreed Price
Meet the specified quality
Do not exceed the Total Expected Cost
Obtain the expected profit
Seek the lowest financial cost
Achieving Full Employment of the Labor Force
Achieve Full Employment of Machinery and Equipment
Avoid Downtime and work stoppages
In order to meet any of the aforementioned objectives, the programmer can:
Open simultaneous Work Fronts
Favor Repetitive Tasks
The objectives and available resources are considered conditioning factors for the
Programming.
3. HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING
It is interesting to know a little about the history of different graphic tools.
Unique large-scale projects have existed since ancient times as the
construction of the pyramids of Egypt and the aqueducts of Rome can
attest. But relatively recently, operational researchers have analyzed the
management problems associated with such projects.
The Gantt Chart is the most popular. Its objective is to show the expected
dedication time for different tasks or activities over a given total time. It was
the American mechanical industrial engineer Henry Laurence Gantt (1861–
1919) who, between 1910 and 1915, developed and popularized this type of
diagram in the West. His most important research focused on the control
and planning of productive operations through the use of graphic
techniques. This horizontal bar chart was an innovative way to handle
overlapping tasks. The first Gantts were used on major infrastructure
projects, including the Great Hoover Dam.
The Critical Path Method was developed in 1957 in the United States of
America by the DuPont corporation together with the UNIVAC Division of
Remington Rand, seeking the control and optimization of operating costs,
through adequate planning of component activities. of the DuPont chemical
plants project. It is commonly abbreviated as CPM for Critical Path Method.
The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (in English Program
Evaluation and Review Technique), commonly abbreviated as PERT , is a
model for project administration and management invented in 1958 by
scientists (Booz, Allen and Hamilton) of the Office of Navy Special Projects
of the US Department of Defense and the Weapons Systems Division of the
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, as part of the project to build the Polaris, a
mobile submarine-launched ballistic missile. This project was a direct
response to the Sputnik crisis and is currently used throughout the space
program. With so many components and subcomponents together produced
by various manufacturers (more than 3,000 contractors), a new tool was
needed to schedule and control the execution times of the various activities
that make up the project.
PERT is basically a method of analyzing the tasks involved in completing a
given project, especially the time to complete each task, and identifying the
minimum time required to complete the total project.
This model was the first of its kind, a revival for scientific administration,
founded by Fordism and Taylorism.
The technique proved so useful that it gained wide acceptance in both the
government and the private sector. Although each company has its own
project model, they are all based on PERT in some way.
Only the critical path method (CPM) of the DuPont corporation was invented
at almost the same time as PERT. Although they are identical in concept
and methodology, taking set theory (graphs) as a mathematical foundation,
the main difference between them is simply the method by which time
estimates are made for project activities. With CPM, activity times are
deterministic while with PERT, activity times are probabilistic.
