Solution by simplex method
Maximize profit, Z= 3P + 5Q + 4R
Subject to constraints, 2P + 3R <= 8
3P+ 2Q + 2R <= 10
5Q + 4R <= 15
Non negativity: P, Q, R => 0
Solution:
Converting inequalities into equalities by adding slack variables to inequalities
Z= 3P + 5Q + 4R + 0S1+ 0S2 +0S3
2P + 0Q+ 3R+ S1+ 0S2 + 0S3 = 8
3P+ 2Q + 2R+ 0S1+ S2 + 0S3 = 10
0P+ 5Q + 4R+ 0S1+ 0S2 + S3 = 15
Initial table of simplex method
Solution cj P Q R S1 S2 S3 R.H.S ratio
mix 3 5 4 0 0 0
S1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 8 -
S2 0 3 2 2 0 1 0 10 5
S3 0 0 5 4 0 0 1 15 3
Zj 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cj-Zj 3 5 4 0 0 0
Working
Calculation of Zj Calculation of Q calculation of new S1 calculation of new S2
0*2+0*3+0*0=0 0/5=0 2 – 0*0=2 3 – 2*0=3
0*0+0*2+0*5=0 5/5=1 0 – 0*1=0 2 – 2*1=0
0*3+0*2+0*4=0 4/5=0.8 3 – 0*0.8=3 2 – 2*0.8=0.4
0*1+0*0+0*0=0 0/5=0 1 – 0*0=1 0 – 2*0=0
0*0+0*1+0*0=0 0/5=0 0 – 0*0=0 1 – 2*0=1
0*0+0*0+0*1=0 1/5=0.2 0 – 0*0.2=0 0 – 2*0.2= - 0.4
15/5=3 8 – 0*3=8 10 – 2*3=4
Simplex Table-1
Solution cj P Q R S1 S2 S3 R.H.S ratio
mix
3 5 4 0 0 0
S1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 8 4
S2 0 3 0 0.4 0 1 -0.4 4 1.33
Q 5 0 1 0.8 0 0 0.2 3 -
Zj 0 5 4 0 0 1
Cj-Zj 3 0 0 0 0 -1
Working
Calculation of Zj Calculation of P calculation of new calculation of new Q
S1
0*2+0*3+5*0=0 3/3=1 2 – 2*1=0 0 – 0*1=0
0*0+0*0+5*1=5 0/3=0 0 - 2*0=0 1 – 0*0=1
0*3+0*0.4+5*0.8=4 0.4/3=0.133 3 - 2*0.133=2.73 0.8 – 0*0.133=0.8
0*1+0*0+5*0=0 0/3=0 1 - 2*0=1 0 – 0*0=0
0*0+0*1+5*0=0 1/3=0.333 0 - 2*0.333= (- 0 – 0*0.33=0
0*0+(0*-0.4) -0.4/3=-0.133 0.666) 0.2 – (0*-0.133) =0.2
+5*0.2=1 4/3=1.333 0 - (2* - 0.133) = 3 – 0*1.333=3
0.266
8 - 2*1.333= 5.34
Simplex Table-2
Solution cj P Q R S1 S2 S3 R.H.S ratio
mix 3 5 4 0 0 0
S1 0 0 0 2.73 1 -0.66 0.266 5.34
P 3 1 0 0.133 0 0.333 -0.133 1.333
Q 5 0 1 0.8 0 0 0.2 3
Zj 3 5 4.399 0 0.99 0.601
Cj-Zj 0 0 -0.399 0 -0.99 -0.601
Working
Calculation of Zj
0*0+3*1+5*0=3 0*0+3*0+5*1=5
0*2.73+3*0.133+5*0.8=4.399
0*1+3*0+5*0=0 (0*-0.66)
+3*0.33+5*0=0.99 0*0.266+ (3*-
0.133) +5*0.2= 0.601
Here, objective function ( Cj - Zj <= 0 ) is satisfied.
Therefore, P = 1.33 and Q=3
Profits, Z = 3 * 1.33 + 5*3 + 4*0
= 18.99
NB: Ratio column doesn’t take negative (-8) and undefined value (like 9/0)
