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227 views54 pagesThe Tempest Notes
Context notes on The Tempest
Uploaded by
violentdogz01Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
“We reader 9 ko usin the soot orgincnt i
o
# Vex underlined WOrds in essays poo Se a
evels of meaming meaning ins —> wees in “Text lo
i Se Mepning 0 Eee vo ches 4 cone
> Kherad \ cholenc ow
~ Fi gurahve * Shaved no |
ponents
4
Concepred rene
— ule?
tke stuck monies, ore
* ve fo eH
tenias
a
a
a
a
a
4
t
1
t
(a Evfizabethan ( Jacobean Exnglank
“The Ghtmnlretherndiea tok place from TBETEEOS and Is considered by many histonans to
be the golden age in English History Dunng this era England experienced peace and
prospenty while the arts flourished. The time period is named after Queen Elizabeth | who
ruled England during this time
The Elizabethan Era 's perhaps most
famous for its theatre and the works
of Wiliam Shakespeare E
Renaissance theatr he
opening of "The Red Lion’ theatra in
S67 Many more permanent theatres
opened in London ove ext several
years including the Curtain Theatre in
1577 and the {gmqus Gigs Theatre in
1599
The period produced some of the world's
great playwrights including Chostopher
Thelimesbewrere was the time when James | was King
of England, between [OUOMENBRE] Ve ale
‘Jacobean’ era because Jacobus is The Latin version of
the name ‘James,
Jacobean art and culture was heavily influenced by the
{art and culture of the Elizabethan era. It was also
Influenced by ancient Greece and Rome
During the Jacobean era, England and Scaliand offically
Became one country the Unied Kinadom
During an event we now cal thexGumpawdlenPlot, 2
group of religious extremists ined to [Link] the English
‘Padliament building and kill King James on November 5,
7605 uckily far James. it didn't work out
Dag i i eects
coming oth vas
founded n 1607 andfmmout=Meveeehnete] as
founded in 1620
‘Though rich, Jacobean literature is often darkly questioning, William Shakespeare’s{reatest
tragedies were written between about 1601 and 1607,JOther Jacobean dramatic wnters
became preoccupied vith the problem of evi the plays of John Webster, John
Marston, Thomas Middleton, and George Chapman duce al the terror of tragedy but ite
hits ply, Another feature of crama al this time, however was the development of the
which reached ts Merary peak in
the works of Jonson and Inigo Jones.
come ae ee
Se ae i el Great Chain of Being: The Divine Order
People. including
c ing] The Divine Order was the
Bre ploce- ancl ved
Ste Thefoors anita person or object had the more pow?
mpie of the Divine Order
The Great Chain of Being
Elizabethan die ofeowrse
society was ek
based on this Ren
idea (a sort of
hierarchy). twas ad
almost impossible ery
to move between reson
human divisions nena
J
Most Amount of Spirt/Highest on the Divine Order- God
Angels (ceraphin,cherbim)
Humans kings, merchants, me, wemen)
Animals (rice, dogs, ona, ee)
Plants (grass, trees, oc)
Leost Amount of Spit Lowest on the Dine Order- Nonlving Objects (rocks, metal, etc) |
‘Within each category there was more specific cataloguing. For example, humans were
Helieved to have sifferent amounts of spirit. An example of the Divine Order for humans:
Most Amount of Spint/Highest on the Divine Order- Kings |
Queens
Nobles |
Merchants,
Least Amount of Spirit/ Lowest on the Divine Order- Peasants
Within families there was even specific cataloguing
Most Amount of SpiniHighest on the Divine Order ~ Father
Mother
Sons
Daughters
Least Amount of Spiril/ Lowest on the Divine Order- Servants |
WeEeeee eee ee PBF | - - What does all of this mean?
The more "spin the person or object had. the more po»
people or things below inthe order Poopla mn Eizavethan (God sst
up this ordeij and wanted it to be followed lf someone or something ware to-break the
f Yak being obedient to whatever was abo. s
fs Bagge’ bet D
beleved to bnng bigger sunishmerts by
maller punishments For carpe |
that a natural disaster (an earthquake @ om
hha father. Eizabethan people believes theo
Convenient way for people higher n tne Divine ©
What does this have to do with Shakespeare?
‘Shakespeare[believed in the Divine Order_and many of his plays revolve around this
belief] Macbeth, Ta Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet are just a few of
lays that reflect Shakespeare's belief in the Great Chain of Being and his desire (0 maintain
‘God's Order. How can this apply to The Tempest?
Renaissance Humanism
Humanism is the term generally applied to thefbverreaching sacial and intellectual,
philosophiedlof the Renaissance era, or roughly the period from 1400 to 1650, in which the
‘beauty of the individual was elevated to pre-eminence, To puttin simpler terms, humanism
is thelpelief that man has beauty. worth, and dignity The retum to favour of the pagan Greek
‘and Roman classics stimulated thefPhilosophy of secularism, the appreciation of worldly
‘pleasures. and abave all infensfed th nalindependence and individual [
The history ofthe te
Lindon meen arm human is complex but enlightening. It was frst employed by
philosophy ana pets fo the Renaissance emphasis on classical stuces of Greek
Philosophy Te nie I included the sty of poetry ett, istry and mora
Fates exert Test NOt hurantas’ denoted the development of human wrest their
prudence foresee eet were understanding, benevolence, compassion, mercy
asic ORueNE and even lve for honour. The source of uantas was
einan fae ae human vitues instead of goay svength and omnipotence. They accepted
V and the abilty of man's rise and ste
ng ee OOK place in aly and inthe sistenth certury,t spread to England
Soena Merle, polis, education, scenic and rational outlook. The words of Francis
Sn cptamise Renaissance humanism ven he saic he took al aeas of knowledge a8
aes afumanism was thus applied to iassicism, modem concep of humanities and
procical ame es’, Humanism gave rise to modern social science which became a
eeeee sretument of social inquty. Renaissance realism also involved the unblinking
cxemination of human uncertainty, fly and immeoalty. Personal autonomy and
vdualism characterised humanism, leading to critical scrutiny and settinguy
Bi
h
What led to humanism?
During the Middle Ages, between about the 3rd and 13th centuries, fe and culture were
primanily focused on the Church and religion, However, toward the beginning of the 14th
century, the power of the Church began to greatly decline. This dectine is the main reason
for the development of humanism, as people became less interested in thinking about God,
the afferife, and the saints and more interested in thinking about themselves, their natural
world, and the here and now.
Many historians believe there were two main causes of this decline, the first being the
bubonic piague which ravaged Europe and killed over half of many countries’ populations
The Church was helpless to stop it. The second, and perhaps most profound reason for the
decline of the Church, was the rise of the market economy, As money began to be amassed
through trade, the power of the Church declined even more. From this rose city-states and
monarchies governed more by economy than religious restriction.
‘The humanist mentality stood at a point midway between medieval sunematuralsm and the
fem scienific and cilicalatttude, The man of the Renaissance lived, as it were, between
two worlds. The world of the medieval Christian matrix, in which the significance of every
phenomenon was ultimately determined through uniform points of view, no longer existed for
him On the other hand, he had not yet found in a system of scientific concepts and social n other words, Renaissance man may indeed
faith and reason,
principles stably and secunty for his
have found himself suspended betw
A the grip of medieval supematuraism began to diminish, secular and human interests
became more prominent. The facts of individual experience in the here and now became
more interesting than the shadowy afterife. Reliance upon faith and God
weakened. Fortuna (chance) gradually replaced Providence as tne uriversl fran
reference. The present world became an end in itself instead of simply preparato
to come, Indeed, as the ag ance humanism wore on, the distinction be
world (the City of Man) a of God) tended to disappear.
That aspect of humanism which ca ;overeignty of tyrant, feudal for,
Corporation, and tradition, has, for beter or worse, had a tremendous
srs egy on Cuspa ioe 1 Ges tg ose cele Food
individual expression and opposilion to authonty was first brought othe surface an
an integral pat of the westem intellectual tradition.
1 influence ypan the
Humanism and The Tempest
In The Tempest, Prospero is a metaphor of
the civiizing power ofthe artist and
ducator His magical ads tame and
the tsmpesis of tuman nature He
possesses noble qualities of generosity,
compassion, friendship and wisdom,
‘Shakespeare had a skeptical outlook and
therefore presented human problems that
result rom human weaknesses,
‘Skepticism san integral feature of
Renagsance humensm He pays present
Bian opasiton uch aston =
contemplation. thean versus practice, 3
igniy versus depraviy, ndivicuaism) z
versus society and soon
‘Shakespeare did not have much formal education unlike other dramatists of the period. &
However his education was dearly grounded in humanism. n Hamiet and Julus Caesar, ies
the principles of Renaissance humanism are dearly able. He celebrates humanism even in pile
his tage pays, Hamlet, King Lear, Othelo and Macbeth sufer and meet api death but
despite er sengs ey eb ote han ales ke compassion rue se
pare ane rok fhman es case etsy en oa
ta onese pation ie sea oaeacsses rarest Sethe Egan
a rare ad die nah oe held Pal man ether al 03 nr al
Saya and dine naturel Shakespeare premise ta a bad. i
in The Tempest, rosceo represents Renaissance humanism. Ho onbodtes ont
Renaissance spn fa dese fo lean and uphold justice ond inddualsm. AY the end, be evans
ures magic that stands for power He res the noblemen from his magical Foner fo show Mises we
ereunsian,
‘hat men should contol and shape their nm laws. They should have free access 10
Iinowiedge and earring. Renaissance humanism hghighted the idea that every indvicual
must be a responsible clizen and leader inthe communi Even Prospee's fanaticism
vith magi and education make him an rresconsbie,hearess ruler Howover, Rrospac's
trageness and generosly symbotse Renassance humansm andthe fesh idea of Elizabethan Women
Eventhough there was an unmaried woman on the tron in Eleabefan England, the roles
women in society were very ied. The Elzabethans had vary cet expectations of men
and women, and genera men wor expects oben ease ANS YORED tobe
housewives and mothers. Or average. a woman gave bith to 9 child ever) Wo years, But as
4 lot of babies and children died from sickness, families were not always large.
Steabethan society was patra ‘meaning that men were considered to be the leaders
ind women their inferiors Women were regarded as "the weaker sex", not justin. [Link]
plugcal engl but ermstonaly too tf they were married, thei fusband waa expected fo
Tok fier them, ff they were singléthen their father. brother or anotber male relative was
‘expected to take care of them. “J — a
‘Many women in this period were highly educated, lke the Queen herself. Women were not
allowed to go to school or to university but they could be educated at home by private
{utors
Women were not atowad tare sna psteaon 8 law, medicine, poltcs, but they coule
work in domestic service as cooks, maids etc., and a female painter was employed by Henry
Vill and later by Mary and Elizabeth respectively. Women were also allowed to write works
of literature. providing the subject was suitable for women: mainly translations of religious
works, Women were not allawed fo-act on the public stage or write for the public stage.
‘ASting was considered dshonourable for wamen and women didnot appear onthe stage in
Para inte coverterih century. n Shakespeare's pas, he rls of wornen were
‘often played by young boys.
‘Women, regardless of social position, were to vole (however, anly men of a.
certain social position were allowed to ote), Neither could men inherit thei father's titles.
tiles would pass from father to son or brother to brother depending on the
‘ercumstances. The only exception was, of course, the crown. Arranged Marriages and Contracts
InEtaabethan Enoland, the woman had ery le, any, choice in wh her husband might
be Mariages were fequenty axenged so that both fies involved would beni, so ta
the marriage would bring prestige or wealth (o the family. The children of landowners would
be expected to mary tsineresea the aze othe acreage. Young mon were voateo in @
similar way to worten, Many caupies met forthe very fretlime anther wertdng day 7h
was pariculary the case
and polial purposes, rat
‘marriage Elizabethan women were expected to run the
households and provide children. The law gav'
re
husband ful rights over his wife. She effesivaly Became 40 Fna
Fis property” Fable
buh
de ne
\Witn parental permission the legal age for Elizabethan At Mt
marriages was as follows ign
+ itwas legal for boys to macy at 14 mio
5 ‘twas legal for airs fo marry at the age of 12
twas not usual for marriages at such young ages. The actual age of consent was 21 and
Elizabethan men would generally not marry unti this age. at
Large families were the norm as the mortality rate for children and babies was very high
‘Many women made arrangement for the care of their children in case they themselves died
during childbirth,
Jacobean Views on the Supernatural
In Shakespeare's time ignorance and
supersttion held relentless sway over the
popular mind. The woods were the haunts of
fairies. Our modern enlightenment has driven
away these gentle creatures from their
‘accustomed playgrounds,
Witches and witchraft were fuly believed in
th by the learned and unlearned. In
Elzabell6 tite the persecution was not so
fierce as in that of her successor, and though
Some were executed, witches were usually
placed in the pillory or ducking stool, or tested
by a peculiar system of water ordeal, and not
‘condemned to death as they were later on
‘When the witch was thrown into a river, she
— ‘Sank she was innocent, if she floated she was guilly. Its not stated whether, being proved
Innocent, she was ever rescued from the water.
‘With the advent of James of Scotland witeh-hur yan with renewed vigour. He was
Crazed with the wich ent Saat ea Talo ‘madness. eS Te Kou His first
Partiament enacted new laws for the punishment of witches, Many childish old women were
hunted down, the victims of malice, or because they were old and il-favoured, and many of
‘them certainly believed in their powers, and in their familiars.
‘Supernatural forces were commonly regarded to be harmful and dangerous. It was believed
‘that they could cause destruction or damage to crops, or even harm an individual by using
their powers. King James | was yery interested
the supernatural, witches and witchcraft,
After he became the King, he brought into effect an Act which made wilthicraft arroffence.
‘Those who were found guity of practising wtcheraft were either awarded death or their
Property was seized. 1500 saw the start of a series of trials for treason. Three hundred
‘witches were accused of eben aaa te epnter Jame’, tis known that Jamies had
morbid fear of viclonrGeath Theor these trials were of especial interest to him and he
suddenly developed a very keen interest in demonology and witchcraft
in 1597, James felt sufficiently knowledgeable about witchcraft that he wrote
Rasmencnleae “This was an eighty page book that expounded his views on the topic an
‘twa gant aid othe ntoesuatSebae tal was going on win Europe about
witcheral, The book has three sections on manic, SoTety andwtcheaTt ad one On spits
Bos ahosts. By the ime he lef for
England in 1608, witches were stil
being arrested and of those arrested,
half were executed. Between 1603 and
1625, there were about twenty E
witcheraft tials a year in Sealand —
neat 450 toll alt re acosed DAE
‘were found guity and executed
GIE, IN FORME
The aiscovery of wtcheraf, 2 1584 ofaDialegue,
book by Regal Seok argued that inden tieeBoske
aman beings could not summon ox
Contrl pints. BUt no less igre than
“ames |, who ascended the Engish
throne in 1603, wre is-gun book
man beings
Paerise owe over epits—and
aii ur vat power to
‘Shakespeare was taking a risk withthe
‘se of magic in The Tempest, which
‘was frst performed in 1611; he could
hhave landed himself in prison or worse. Printed by Robert Walde-graned
However, Shakespeare protected Primertothe Kings Majic, ABas97¢
Nonwol oy removing any reiious cova
Corton ana by having Prospero Ge ama
‘up magie atthe end ofthe play, Historical and Literary Context
sae Sen pase
Era of Expl
ration anc Colonisation
es and fueled publ interest and excternen a
lengthy testimonial acount of
‘echoed in shokerpenr's pastors)
om stachey. Tis reate to 1609 spre of
strache's letter way describes how for three das an four i
work together ina desperate effort to keep te ship fet. Landa was sighted
the captain managud to et the sin close enought et everyone safely onshore
Strachey writes of the greater violence of te strm we could not apprehend in
‘urimapinaion He ecounts hee fears the place would be inhabited by ‘devils
sed wicked spit relieved to ind he land wat actualy habitable’. Colaboraton
had saved theives, the net yeae spent reps undl they sucessfully completed
‘heir woyeee to Jamestown Utolan speciation about seu lands being governed in
tote enigntened ways harp contrast to tse plunder that ypealy accompanied
Ciplratorymisions Indigenavs culture and populations were aflen decimated by
fisease, msonary ze and ensiavernent.
renaissance fescnstion withthe 2a possiblities posed by the escovery of new
Fane are reflected in some ofthe spacualve ideas put forward earyin the pay Dy
(Gorzalo's monologue, ines 158-168 He fancflly envisages an ideal ization
thot has sires to that outines in an sateenth cetury essay called" the
Cotnioa: Ths wes written by Fenen philosopher Michel de Montaigne who described
the primitive peope of Ri imaginey nation 5 belng so inherety good that there
tnould be no need forthe norms of evsanon sah as business, written language e222
Discovery Ant aly A
with Native Americans, either as individuals or whole family grouns, enslaved and exhibited
Elizabethan ‘Pastoral Romance’
Typical Genre Conventions
Romance’ was nat a generic classification for Elabethan
rams, yet the term soften used to describe ‘The Tempest’ is better described 2s
‘Pastoral Romance and includes many ofthe genre's converions and matis, These inclode
the use of stereotypical characters, lots, seting nd themes but what helped make
Pastoral Rornance’ popula was the inlusion of songs, dance and music as well as slapstick
and crude humour Shakespeare added pryehologea depth to his major characters and
rmetaphonial sues ae examined. Shakespeare dtaws on contextual events in ways that
prompt the ausience to reconsider ides about governane, imperialism and eolanakist
fexplotation. Calta fr example, te represented as fr more than a one dimensional
‘monster’ Rgure, forthe dramatist gives ths debased, embittered and lowly rate some of
‘the most Iriel ianguage inthe pay his languoge corweying he realty of the dispossession
and enslavement he has sfered under Prospetols oppression, While his artempted rape of
‘Miranda and murderous plotngis nat condones, sorme empathy for his light I triggered
bby auchence recognition of what he ht lost uit Prospero’ anwval and magieal power
Setting
‘ction ina Pastoral Romance i stin remote and isolated places that serve as locations
bf efugeor escape Inxplable events end to happen which ada strange, enchantes
‘ture tothe locaton which impacts on charactersin different ways For some it prompts
feflecton, se awareness or growth hil others remain mune rs transformative
power Shakespeare chooses an unrames land, described by Calban as being ‘en leagues
Freyond man's ie 9s wellas"Uninabiable, and almost inacessibe’. Gonzalo refers to
the ekscomfortingunfamilary of contraries ofthis barre pace which also has aneerie”
haunting sort of music. As apy observed by Prospero, this confined, microcosm setting of
Sprites and spits, Tis new to tee”. Phsialdstecation and emotional disorientation help
rovise the trantormatve catalyst for reassessment and selfexporation for some of those
tino find themeelves metaphorialy cast ait
Fragmentary comments build a composite picture inthe aucienc's ind ofa “bare island
ck ruse coustine, indented with caves, rocky cfs and ovterops. Pockets of heavy
raed forest are found, such a the Tnden-grove' that protects Prospeo's cave from the
Vrorst weather and which provid the logs that Caliban and Ferdinand must arr. What
eecbles Prospero and Miranda to survive such an inhospitable environment ite fact that
hbo had reveled sources ofrezh water and every fertile inc of land. His welcoming
Geheresiy ed however, been expleted and lef eniaved and tormentesby magic He has
Beth stripped of home and sutonony, "In dreaming/the clouds me thought would open,
eee ene ches/teady to op upon me sa when waked) eed to ream again The audience takentoa magical world, described Avelin Act Was desolate et
‘isanbihetial qualities; physical bleak and yet capable of ‘ving delight, ring not
The motey group that find themselves thrust together on this foreign shore, sty
extibit fering behaviour and outlook. This diferentes the varus nie shows
repentence for their wrongdoing fom the vilainous lk Antonio who remain usmoved and
beyond redemption. Their tering reactions tothe spectacles and tory expences
Coriured by Prospero’ mage indicate tel character and moral worth Piyseadfocotion
's commonly used Pastor Romance ta dsovientchaaciersso that they ave prompted to,
‘assessment oftheir actions and their relationships,
Characters
Rulers are normally accompanied into ee or solation by loyal crmparions but Prospero
only as bs infant daughter as a human companion uni he orchestrates Ns en
being cast ashore Shakespeare replaces stock Pastors characte with more coon
Dersonalities ike Ariel and Catan. arena sng, maser and servant rues ad cou
are reflec of the socal and histor contest of he ply The anther vilanous
ae drawn from mised soci back
ituous et 1rd but Shakespeare retans he
{pica pastoral hero and heroine as representative figures but without developing ther: ©
any erat depth. The ‘admirable Wlrandaperortes goodness, and nsulien byte evs
of cisaon, an equally wtuous sito fs her 'S perfect andso pees hie the
pastoral solution phase typically ees wrong forgiven andesvangd Kinsmen cone
the postive natures of some on Posper'sisnd are oft bythe duplctou Sebasta
{and rnculo andthe unrepentant tone
Plotlines and Themes
The typical five Act Bizabethan structures we but opens in the mie of ers 8
fssensin beore a sve of complications ar reerate hal achieve eso ton and
restored stabity. Reconilaton, repentance ana frganoes re recurring theme’ and
‘hese ae reinforces by varations of the binary oppositions ofimnocencee goodness
‘versus ei or wickedness, youth versus ago, and soperetiton versus ely, Two paral
lots are often found that ivche elatonsis between parents nd thei cMuren or
Feltes ana can ive the forces of ft, forune and providence Thee commited
by the parents or elders of ene generation being smcrated or overcame bythe prome
of marrige ana future faring in the nest. The ov plot between the hero sna heraine
‘suwsaly eset by problems tot thecten to feep them apart for ne ble they on
wed. Shaespeare ues gene deve in developing the stant afecton between Fernand
anand
Oarenaon eves te eter go hrc changer Rance
iro gp else sho
Prosper nd mos of pve Saepee ces seh opal coneatoe
ons anescoe bata sh ance cee eae
fore ne prone rr ono apt ed un roan
Coie conra hsereses ots cots Yat eae ated
repre The mph ve on ly are mersestenne shorts
‘ie clone say onset wrote
andra xcept vant some bao ok hone tenes
‘2a! harmony and moral behaviour Discovery hn ey so eb
Characterisation
Prospero
The protagonists onmerts, actions an maga power, el develop awareness of
reader issues at play than thote commonly deat wih in Pastoral Romance. Parallel
frerienc stall ued nthe sub genet iflerentiate rtvous ad snows
characters bt the las stong pol tet aff the exten owe a eat
Doliical overthrow, hes dstupted the natural order’ The mirocosmic island
cenario echoes a much larger macros representation of how ambition, greed and
onli quest for power can instigate net only te discovery of other worl and
tures but also thelr evertiow an explotaion Shakespeare's epresenation of his
wed master ilisonst begins with the plays opening tempest which tetifes crew and
1s enemies ore Brought under Ms power andeast ashore on ths strange and
v" bie where he hasbeen force t ve forthe past twelve yes. Their feelings of
placamant and wanarabity, echo what he hag expericnced years before, and siafary
sge m many but not al moral reassessment of human relationships, on politics
oni guile forvegroundted in the contextual eta of what revealed 10 Mirend,
‘mltanesurly informing daughter and audlence alike, of who they realy ae and how they
came to be ctf fm hurnan contact Exile has prompted introspection nd recognition
of personal flaw ane folings;Propsparo admiting his selfshly indulgent quest fr
eowlegge, my liorary/Wos dubedom frge enough Personal obsession had undermines
is ole a leader which enabled Antoni to sete contol but what realy condemns bre
savtessnensofabondoning bs brother and neice to the waves. His ack of
only provides
humanity is countered bythe compassionate actions of Goneales who not
provisions but also some of his mate's precious books. tis iting that an ermbitteres
Usposed Duke, has effectively reversed the roles of powerful and powerless a5 the
Castaways srugle ashore nitoly unaware of who has survived and who has perished
Comments and ations demonstrat thal Prospero can be quic tempered and petwlent
Snd at Sms, even ungrateful to Ariel Such faults humanise the protegorist and avickly
Show that tragedy con oneal spark positive self assessment and altered outlok
ouahty arrogance is shown towards Calban however, despite the hie-saving help he gave
tier father an daughter fst arthed. Once Prospero’ authority was challenged, Caliban
i and kept submissive by magical spells and demeaning
wias deposed from power enslave
jon have echoes of the
treatment. These ciflering depictions of ispssesion and expotai
TRlonist voyoges of dicovery happening at the time the play was writen showing the
seetntsot those in autherty andthe sufring of the oppressed. Prospero’ folly hos been
Pine by newcgsined insight and brightened understanding inthe same way that tempest
Ghiacive ae redemptive ctalys for many ofthe castaways. This f part of his titi
nocd out plan to punish is foes in ways that wll make them question ther wrongdoing
speare uses thee key illusions a prompts for penitent reflection; the Harpy’
raat he beteathal masque and revelation of Ferdinand and Miranda playing chess
paneer ces thee worth atthe begin ng ofthe final act, ‘Now does my project gather to
ae shold over his foes (sala visual oinforced bythe spellbound magic circle tut
2 redemptive plan has largely served is purpose, Ariel is tstructd to break helt
2a egotre hei senses and they shel be remselves Displacement coupled with
eae tee sed os catalyst fr self-iscovery and areason fr ateingautook and
are proupero eases that ceconcation would be cific for his ‘unnatura” brother,
rans ite nz good cause fr sever eributin, he favours mercy. Convinced that his sn
aaa nt alonso® gl elas contemplation of personal flaws including his involement in
Pel intrgue. Pentance prompts moral re-evaluation whichis rewarded when Ne Finds
st ison not only ave but nappy inlove. Bath father bles their births and the dyrastic
peace that offers, Antonio’ incalctrant and unvepentant stance airs that not all are
‘capable of salvation wile simultaneous affring Prospero’ moral suprintyinensuting
that ‘nobler reason’ trumph over tury’ The sheer willpower needed when he sys "FOr
You most wicked si, whom to cllrothr/Wauid even infect ny mouth, do forgive / TAY
*ankest fat. orive thy ranest ful evdert in hie trze an ermotinaly loaded
‘ction. Antonio is unresponsive and without any ign of remorse, ee not/in the deity of
my bosom He Is forced to ecede however to Prospero eptscy asthe ruler of Milan
‘when they leave the sland and retin hone
onest appraisal of personal laws a pivotal part fthe redemptive process, fo Prospero
hs come to recognise that ite! 2nd econaion must take the place of vengeance”
and emnity. Caliban had been considered thing of darknes, ut Prospero 7st now
‘ecknowiedge him ‘mine with the cealsaon, the ereatres of this [Link] ae of
monstrous shape yet more kind, gan ihan cu human gerettion’ Self discovery 30
steeses that leadership should eit kingly cas of lgrerac, personal worth an
rmercifl justice The salemrised union between Miranda and Ferdinand vaidates ther
Innate nobility but requires personal saenices if Propsero isto be werthy to ul, i
frou my book. break my tal The restoration of justice ao requires the iberation
of Catban and Ariel, thou shat ere long be Fee’ once the mariners have been fetched.
‘Magnaniity hasbeen demonstrated intangible frm and he can thence et me to my
{an and resume his poial responsi ies. Dressed ins Ducal obes, he announces,
“Ourrevels now are endec' marking the end of the staged masque rather than any speck
{farewell othe stage but it has offen been read this way because he lens himselF £08
playwright by ashing the audience or her aplause,
Ariel
‘e's ist appearance shows a desire for “bert, which s ascribed withthe words Be
free that begin the lastline ofthe drama. This deske for reedom ils shown winen
Prospero is reminded Ia Ae," have done thee worthy serie, Told thee no lies, made
ro mistakings, serv Without or grudge or grumblngs” Ames, Praspero can adress
Arie in threatening tones as being ‘moody’ hing as.a‘malignant tin” but tpiealy, more
aectionate terms ae used, inating bird, ny industrious servant, "ny cick of|
‘my dligenceVirwous and wiling to pease, his‘ spi is described by Prospero as
having been ‘too delicate’ wo have followed the'ebhorred command of Syarax and was
therefore imprisoned na tee by help of her mare poten instr All adopt female
farms including the Harpy, Cres o une 95 well as waternymph and marshight This
“ricksy sis often depicted on stage as male but no speci genders mentioned in the
‘Ari's wondrous talents erable Prospero’ tasks to bi achieved in seconds or done ‘with
‘2 thought’ 9s mentored in Act W. The tempestuous storm is conjured in sucha way that
Neptune himself, ‘Seem to besiege and make hisbold waves tremble Prospero praises
‘the "brave spirit. som, so constant who delghtsin the magical sounds, singing and
strange music that fightensTinulo and Stephano whereas Caliban is almed by ts beauty.
Four ofthe pays songs are sung Av wha also plashis pipe but an admonshing role
Is also payed when he rebukes the ‘men of sin or supplanting Prospero and mocks the
Useless threat they pose when they draw her swords. though nor-human, Ail shows
‘ermpathetc compassion fr the suffering experienced by Prospeo's castaways, suggesting
‘oh master,‘ you now beheld them, your affections would become tender-ine woul,
were tun’ Ail joyously responds to Prospero’ granting of Ibert
Dcovery ne Sy Arecce bk bras, j
I
scvey ea of Sh Amc od
Caliban
‘Shakespeare’ representation of Catan, eects many Fiaethan perceptions 2rd
Tors 17 cen geting cab wget
Ss hen usurped and redutet best
‘hs most ying slave” and the deposed
a Thou tobedst me apd mast much of me! as
scung Nim ape the ne el grieved by what sees a
jplestote ad by Msstemated rape of Mande who now
har condematon tore abv, cling
hima posenous sve‘ and rng of dre Charter coasts wth Ferioand
{oo sointve bof snreredntha mle achat some hn of baenes/ ently
ncergoe; amos oor mates Plt to fens Whereas Mid vews Caliban
2sbeng hing met bate ne ese arian’ ng sie” Heretic seen
srartanted wien calben ene wtng Wine gt besten ae even watt,
{eat him enough afer eine Fl Bentham 0"
‘The greatest chatenge to sterectypisl perspectives however salons ue of verze and
ee refering to the aves ai ard Sounds of his
‘lord home. He fers reossurnce Be not seared the es flo ese which help
Soothe him to scep, oferng refuge fem hi entavement, When waked / cried to
{ream age His ntlectua peony ths lew plotersi most apparent NS use
terse whereas Stephano and Trina se prose. Whereas the noble denigrate Coliben's
Spoeerence and benavour e cin be equa eloguenl a show by hs use of eligious
tetaphorin hoping tobe war hecen iar week for grace Some critics cst Prospero
‘the usurpe arguing tha Cait situation echoes how the Duke wat overthown
Miranda and Ferdinand
provpero, the prince of power’ as brought up a daughter, ‘perfect and so pers’ who
(selon fourteen year ol and that coupled with her stcudes upbringing fr fom
aarrsston maker ner naivety redible, Other than Caliban, ber Tater hasbeen her ony
aa rany ond benchmark for atte and vals and ot asbecomes apparent inthe
caret cenee she has not been tol anything about how and wy they came tive
eae ed: ier comments suggests that he has been cunous but hat he father has.
er ctormation uni now. Hernerjectons and exlamations and expression show
aaa rfaly interest inthe pat snainnae intelignce Her comgassonicleet
sere arto thove wio sem in el danger dung the storm, She alo shows 3
nee a a ratute when esi or those onthe bave vse who sem in gerne
earns ine ferosous storm tht makes it Hy they le ‘Das a oped Dicovery Ah Sh A sos bot
ro pes her fers say,
reret usb ns oe ered fore Pose dont a
‘Theres no ham. done’ beau the etl petal of the wre een
rector he see oy er cues ge see
Ire bon of ast evens buther min cami ncn se oma ese
REYCUNE ince who had bated the surge most or tae sore. oe
SHEN Gh oft hiking heist sre he goddess i ni atl
inka 3 sub-genre convention and cary besotted he sees Mian ‘intl
The geezer they are lin love and be berthed inthe space of ae
Leora thd ony Hsreomet te nde hd an oe
Hee soe serve in ore twin er action on he thers ape
that he can be
wah pen Pete 0 renounce tngdo and renann te oand tha
with her
contact mind omance yal ot Ptr aman, Hs couteous rest
even pratt wth alton’ ad stempted rape Tne arenrh her, sco
trot de ans tetchalege er tater utoryoy tgs ine one Peetno
Tote the uh he ee gy, she even cabs er ater seglce heen ee
‘mariage organised by Aloo forhisdauyree
Mianatt rity ous parm, sa bth dacsed atte beginning of Act
aattltedbetothal neces ie athe nee nie pe Prince's wie
went N25 potatoe ganador hand ape security purposes
mrananans Insertion we emotond sticiments Seti erst Ferdinand
pole ae" MaTy an they hep ealseantar rage ae peace vie
rant candlaton wth Alonso, When viewing enon
‘Ris more understanda ‘Alonso was mot
by personal animosity towards Prospero as wel splay res
Jon The econliaton
snbtn arog ae uy tin tes
stesso oe ane ae a
Feraitbntorhaenutongede enw eg
ponte er ac tay bea oem Bee ‘ormastand only 2
eos att alg Kecaattc coreicee Personel sufering makes Alonso recognise
rag argh omen Mn an
Se een peers eel Pie bisgused a a Ureateningharby,Aet
stutter stn et ME
Stone moon pepe ewer sere
nent in overthrowing Prospere, making him less vilainous than Antonio.
2d cons eptd an ‘hore ate Innerent goodness 2
comgassonto young Mian Hest ai iefstricken king and makes
fue ates to colin Ht a rience a ‘vidnt ine opering tempest
2d dase the constant moda om Sebastian, mains Smee optimist, even talking
bout ne visenaryieas fora Utopan socety that woud not need or Everton
sragitates- wealth or powerful ieaces Prospero fond acknowledges Goraaios GN
sraesrce trem with the erent tat kp the ale as wo 2 some eases BOOKS
eect hs arte the al act the usworty course talks abou the pact of
divine providence, exaggerating that everybody has attained sl mowed.
Antonio and Sebastian
prosperotels Miranda about het ‘alse uncle” andi cers ey 2
ese wordy ends ond fois est goverment upon my rate We SS
ree peter shoul /e s pects’ and with unexpected insih for 900
“hata re cna Sy, ood wombs hve borne bad on Aone BO
aoe rrr buts reacherou shown by Nsimplacoble any fates ot hit of
rere tor remorse, he eins eEOUSEDIY arog prompting Ne Pa wurder
Shame Bt ala that eb wi be Keg instead of hs rahe oe sed
ore oy an Seberang sacasticond mocking snd Pe brother voces no
ae arit moral conecience “Twenty consciences tat sane Ce ‘and Nila, candied be
Sa tele they molest! Sebastian aod ANON 38 ERY undiferentiated fellow
rey ators, exept or Sebastian eredkary sah: he ‘unwarranted nature of thei acts
Soeiel make ther behaviour even ore condemns
yout the way he had
amazed
Stephano and Trinculo
aoe typical of he folsfouna Paso OMe nd 76 50 cnaracter fils
Toe et siepano call Cabana rave ronser: Whe crunk with ‘celestial
peers Sephanois »ave apis ead 9 Nee him Te butlers coBrst
aso and darken behav shows Ms ack of 9 Pt qualities. rincul is @
language ard who fea the wea te and’ Mane 3 ‘devi’ but he also earns
arerrepathy fom te auence due toh Mock treatment of Caliban. Recognition
anterior shows clas superr neler, PoE pied rinny's thst
of oe incl serve as gots, aro vrs os Prospero who twelve Ye3"5
Srrner, had abused Caliban’s gene land, In Act
vty in showing him ow to survive on hei
tH a pt ees HDTV te Gul A
he sland’ "Sounds and swe a
ir ives hima voice that
ike hs tlerty
Calbar's short speech about
aba yt isha mdse emai om he ince,
‘ilainous fellow conspirators
Discovery An de Say Arsen Conceptual Focus
Magic and Verisimilitude
usion prompts discovery and vransformat
experiences test the castaways seen,
{and full of wonder what they ee, heron
'ypes of places and relationships as well on
‘eatures like Clon and the figues inthe masgques ae dicovered oes 4 nesfound
spprecation about what hasbeen los. Pastoral Romance distorts realy inorder 0
{eaflrm moral tuths and tmeless values about the importance of cal harmony. By being
‘Mera frcedto ook with new eyes, cathartic understanding becomes posse. Prosper
‘Botent art..rough magic’ magic isusaé ro bem te senses and Calben warns ofthe
threat posed by Mirandes father because is otis of sch poe
Prosper's mage unike Ares supernatural powers, hasbeen leued rom hie books
Bs Caan mentions in hi advice to Stefane and Tincul,‘hamembor Fst to poseees Ns
books, Caliban says to Stefano and incl, or without them H's ut» So" fs Books
have empowered the exiled Ouke on Catbans le oneal, however they were aso the
{use of is owntallby drawing him away fom carving out his proper dues ruler
Arie’ skits and Prospero’ eared magi help create the impreson of ures! Worl
snhancing felings of dorentation and vunerabilty thet the castaua fee The sland’s
‘marvelous sweet musics often mentioned, capable of mesmerising or fghtenng the
fess, used by Ave to charm the mariners to sleepor to awaten them when necessary
‘such 95 his sngng preventing a murderous act Prospero even charm is deughter into
sleep, making her drowry,"Thovat inclined to seem isa good dulines, sr give i way
ion by distorting ond chaleging reality New
le stangespectacies leave therm sweetuck
eel causes them to speculate about eiferent
consider what shouldbe valued ine. Strange
Themost spectacular example of Prosperas power are the pley'smasque scenes, the
betrothal masque described ty Feruinand as 2 most molest ion Shakespeare
incorporetes them as examples of n nereasingly populr dramatic device tthe tine |
omaostion. They were icredbiy expense to stage because they featured elaborate
Sts costumes, masks and stage eects. They were also often accompanies by dancers
‘id musicians whieh all served to eigen the perception of versimitudeor faze rei.
The visual spectacle was combined however wth simple pot tht were ypeatybosed
fon themes, characters and Gods mal Goddeses om Greek and Roman ectioleee
Virtues and vies were symbol repesanted as Shakespeare does in "The Tersest to
alter persona perspective and promote rfective soul-searching and the need to recy.
‘ur koowiedge The combined mpact of superatul occurance, svangeasong ad
imaginative mazques become part of of te chartering ad trensformatce proccess
Prospero nas plone.
References oat, fortune and providence have also bee part responsbie for bringing
former foes to tis land and weretore unde hs contro. The oe ployed by ech lene
is metaphorical interwoven inthe ply with the moi of seep ac dreaming, nc
Ferdinand describes how, ‘My sinks, asa dream, are abound up’ whleSebortog te Act.
refers tothe. 'slepy language en thou speeest/Out cl thy steep. What esvcinnne we
personal suffering teaches also embeds in dream imagery, ‘ans rather a soap
than an esurance’ but Prospero sresesit Best in Act, We ae suc stufAscteone ace
‘made on, and ou lite es rounded wth a lep: The ration a n magna ae
Bbromets many elcoveris by sessing the ascrepancy between what real sed nny
Tutonary a wall as what 8 moray valued or rejected as fase and von Discovery and Emancipation
aa 2nd dreams force characters to ponder what they have seen. Sell
inporere aye elo chalene aor sued ureton ard ar perspective
Insight veusty res antformation depends on indiviats and ther inter-eaitionships but
{nsem vu resut rom acne advesiy. Ts nghighs toot eersty cam on
{he cata fr tansfomatve understanding adsl wrens Srateseete Makes
sewn inthe way eer on renealy become the peta fr personal rd ea
row a welesafring te socsl moortane of compassion justice td ederpe on
‘The fs of pst present and ture arenes the the bene sarees pli
characters ihe Prospero and Alonso. Pogper'swelve year of lonely ene nave forced the
*pecton requed forthe enston of seseal compucty mh oer Noe
negation tty hn ye eer a's one natal a
olde had rested ne sus wre oul dca ware commited sgn
edie however becomes te veh rhs eranpeton, renga beter
Uy lecings of vengeance inde serge fo
‘orgve even his unnatural’ ana ‘percious' brother but m AetV, he makes clear that
erence required for his ather foe, Most erueli/Didst thu, longo, use me and my
‘ughter ne an others describes, 25 being wore than deus’ and rabble’ and vale's
ereas Antonio is beyond salvation, aloneo accepts the rebuke and resign, entreating
pardon for his wrongdoing.
By ‘being penitent’ for his personal shortcomings, Prospero is mare wing to acknowledge
the contrition and atonement of athers. Ths confims hs moral woth and strength of
character which enies him to the return of is st cukedem. His superior warth is
stressed by his having ‘pardoned the deceiver and proffered reconciliation rather than
punishment. Simiary, Alongo had reslaad how his part inthe conspiratoral overthrow
of Prosper haa asrupted rightul ul as wells showing 2calous disregard for ie. His a
blessing for vne marriage of Ferdinand to the wom, who in infancy had nearly ded
because otis actions, marks him as being worthy to return to cvisation as an enlightened
leader. Miranda's innate personality and education, combined with positive nurturing has
‘ads her an adinrable and inteligent weren The mariage between the young lovers
that Prospero's ats have encouraged will hopefully redress the wrangs oftheir respective
fathers and promote social harmony and peace.
‘The enclosed and enchanted setting has alowed Shakespeare to contrast nature and
society in ways that metaphorically stress notions of personal discovery and spiritual
rebirth. The play challenges the assumption that civilised society is superior to primitive
Cultures by showing thot the heartessness of Antonio and Sebastian is more fundamentaiy
‘monstrous than Caliban’s desire for autonomy and freedom. Olscovery and emancipation
tre fused after Ariel fs tld to “break thelr charms, restore their senses ad they shall be
themselves. The magician’ deeson thet the castaways Shalt have freedom’ including
Caliban wo can then acknowledge, How fine my master i testifes to how outlook has
been changed for several characters. Sea imagery in Act V stresses the purgatve cleansing
ofthe ‘shore oftheir minds’ by the traumatic ‘sea-change’ they have experienced. His
Future wil be marked by awareness that ‘every third thought wll be of ey grave’ but he
asks Ariel ina last service before he is st free, to provide alm seas, auspicious gales’ and
the audience's applause to fil their vessel's sais for their return voyage home
Discovery A ef Sud A see os Dacovery Andel Suly=Areous bot ches
Dramatic Structure
{Exposition
(Act Seene | ani Storm css realsteally conveyedindislogue and sound Imagery
Some ideas about choracters are revesled via comments made by Alonso, Antonio,
Sebastian, nd Gonzalo.
Focus shits fom the storm and shipwreck thoze onshore, Miranda is told, 2 prologue
summary by her father about how he was overthrown and exled. Exposition finishes once
‘viel and Caltan ore nteduced and Ferdinand aves,
Comalication and rising 2etfon
(act, Scene i Ferinand ved Miranda fl instant in ove but a complication arises from
Prospero inference that he againet he match,
(Act I, Scene tand i} Gonaalo voces utopan ideals while Alonso and the others are put
into.8 magical sleep. Antonio and Sebestian plot to kl the kings foiled by Ariel. Prospero's
serious machinations against his enemies is offset by the come sub-plot pt by Calan,
“Taneule and Stephano
(Ret, Scene adi Ferdinand and Miranda plight ther woth while Caliban and others
plot to kil Prospero.
1 Climax, esis or turning point
(Act I, Scene ipantoni, Sebastien and Alonso are brought to a magical anguet prepared
by Prospero. The banquet vanishes amst thunder and lghting and Anes Harpie werng
{athe ‘three men of sy of ther punishment
1 Resolution a faling action
{Act V Scene i The romance between Miranda and Ferdinand is recognised by Prospero;
their marsage contract marked by the Detrothal Mascue. aR: Prospero uters the farewell
te his actors, aviel enters with news ofthe collapse of the Caliban pot.
(ec, Scene i, 271}Prespere now ha alls enemiesin his power, and he reves Ns
Fenty when Avie! gives tim hs hat and rapier that he ware when he had been the Duke of
\V catastrophe or denouement
dct Soehe Eplogue) Ferdinand ae Miranda are ‘scavereploying chess, and Alonso
fealiags that his sons allve and betrothed to Prospero's daughter The drama closes with
Universal Forgiveness and the festiuson ofall thngs! Dramatic Style and Language Use
heats carly heave earn of tgency Tne resten ven ht
bese ltogs utes eave angen tenemos
Teese maroc ceil ecco
Seaton ey ry son ones haps ene oe
ree accvondsepena ote meat
ree vn
casmof Antoni and Sebastien and
mitten in blank verse, lab pentameter butte verseform offen
vance oeverysay speech tothe extent that ames. it
imostnsstiegu shable. This event nPospero's speech tis daughter the
ota thy uncle This ada realism and breaks
eve the real smoothness and
Set against ne that ack hy, Solloauy
tnd dramatic monologves lack the intensityof those found n tragedy but they ate si
‘anceptuallysignfiant a: seen when Prospco talks in Act Vaf what hasbeen achieved
Though his use of mage
rank sucha Stefano
me reas bank verse
The nobes typical speakin vere but characters offower socal
and Tinelo use prose, thal low-comedy scenes lowering the 0
Fas greater dignity hich heighten the atmosphere. The boatsurin’s us of rose
ort ofthe stren andthe nsolance that comes with
‘pening scene conveys the exten
fe tempest. Inthe ral scene a
the urgency of what needs tobe dane I tey ace to survive th
however de bostswain uses blak verze ahs language is more calm and respect,
[is complexity of character Prospero’ language contains imperatives that help essert is
‘Dower butt ao hes sone ofthe py chest imagery that includes efreness to Sea
‘Ton sleep and dreaming, Sound wmageyis used to suggest the damarovs noes of the
‘arbi storm that opens the play and many ofthe play's compound words als relat fo
srenforce the powe of the sex: oe Sea sorow; 'sea-chane’, sea-swallowed sti
ver sefetes sea, The pay aeohas seven songs, fou of which re
“peony muse’ mentioned inthe ra ct
4
losing waters! 2nd
Sung By Are wh aco creates the
‘hetsical spectacle such athe masque scene and supematura occurrences serve 25
Most ofthe masque sections re expressed In
jean hymed couplets The smecther harmany and
ena nce end-stopped ines creates a mare artical eguaity which suits he sortoF
vis, tana ply fete ofthe masaue This evidetin the fated eto a eng
ce wee between i's, Cees ad uroin the Act betratha masque, Shakespeare a
earn as sentence length conflation and pace. Lengtier nara ston of
aa sass Pospee's desrtn offs broths weachery, making renter ve of
cee edetated sentences while Hott, erst structure suse in scenes where
tore ese aeson emotion. Questions and exlamaions can ad fore ana foci and
rases con aso add emphasis to wat is belng sid alitereton
engthen the rythm or heighten melody, ‘et me remember
‘some oracle to rectify our knowledge:
iambic pentameters, sing tial aco
covery ta aa yA
repetition of words and ph
is frequently used to either
thee what thou has promised! key Scene Analysis
pening Terpest scene
salvation left. Antonio's continued vitriolic attack sets him apart the otiers, despite the
Act Three ~ Scene 3~ Banquet
The banquet masque ian important turing pontine ply Frit riggers Alonso's
reconciaton with Prosper. Regis with Thunder andghting’ andthe enya cel
ike aharpy whe makes the sory banquet vanish jut as theives meno te
bout seat. They ae aressed a Being mort unto ie and mes fool when
they draw their swords for these ‘ministers of Fate’ are invulnerable’, The prime business
ofthis scenes that they remember how they supplant good Presper’, boone
‘commiting the Toul ded! of casting "Wim and his inmacert hil nto these. They re
‘warmed thatthe ‘powers’ nave nt forgotten 2s shovm bythe punishing ston se Alonso's
loss of is on. Contriton prompted wien Ail speaks of farther sultecing nthe torn a
‘Lingering perdion, worse than any death Before the Shapes entero carta tele,
they are warned thay wil kaon nothng but Thear-srrow before vanshing in thenaees
as crimes wil be punished, and Prospero pleated wth Aves performance and tho
hisspectacular ‘high charms’ have Helped eit "and street Ns enemies Now ie oy
Dower, he laves to vil Fersinand and Ni own loved darling’ Alone ord Seborrer act
Serenity to whet they have witnessed, Alonso seeming traumatised snd grefsurehen:
10, monstous, monstrous in the bee ha hiswespae has eaeadsson pees
bedded the cote” He heads of seeking tbe ‘wath tm here le mused Antone,
seems unmoved however while Sebastian displays aogant confidence ta hes ght
them‘one hend ata time’ Chorus ike, Gonzalo now comments on ths bares a EEERSSSLEEAA4
Act Four ~ Betrothal masque
fore the masave begins, wich tates up most ofthe at, Prospero evs his blesng to
and Miranda, This accompanied however by a stern warning to Frsinand hat
are not to beak Micon’ “viegn not” before the wedding has been solernzes
itsef affirms the hmenious soil functon of mariage in accordance
ural order of if. Stockeharacter iacude reapers and nymphs, thei role 0
icbrat fertity and seasonl change trough typical Pastoral Romance mobs. Prospeto
«stage manager, Sprit whieh by mine art / have from their confine called to enact
‘My present fances ut the masque requires Are’ many talents. These include the sft
‘music used to ntrouce i 'Nove come, my Al” Bring a corolary/Rather than want @
Sint: appear and perty/ No tongue All eyes! Be ent.” breaks up the main action
vith espectacular spay ofthe power of mag; Prince Ferdinand describing as 8 mast
'malestc vison’ and acknowledges his wondered father’
Structurally, the masque algo marks the cormpletion ofthe lover's courtship and is larly
‘stinguished from te rest of the play bythe use of a more formal style than the use of
unmhymed verse This includes yming couplets and the sor of elevated language thats
Uses by the mythical enddezzes I, no ond Cares, the godess of harvest. Tis tre herald
the ‘contact of tue lve’ whith challenges the typical maral arrangements ofthe time
between noble fais which were poltical, dynastic contracts not requring any emotions!
ttachment bmwean te coupe. uxtaposing artiice with andreas, the goddesses give
blessings of honour, prosperity and plenty, suggesting thatthe wedang wl be fru
Marriage represents ol harmony and rlumph ove discord. At the conclusion ofthe
tnasque, Prospero adéresses ercinond andtells im that"We ae uch.” which reminds
{hem all ncioding the audlence, thatthe masque, with alts heavenly creatures, snd
rmagial wanders, is act ea
Epilogue
‘Only when Prosper is alone onstage, does he announce that his eherms ae‘
eeeinrou nina is magical power, books and sta he asks his2udience tet your
Indulgence set me fre’ tough thei applause. Critica debate has suggested thatthe
logue is the dematis’s farewell to theatre but some scholars calenge that is meant
serrervonal aegoy Frank Kermode argues that ‘Te Eile ~one of ten of Shakespeare's
that survive’ wat a conventional appeal for applause Similar, Shakespearean academic
David Crystal states that during Eicabethan tes, the eplogue was 2 conventional
fexarescion of hut atthe end of pay, apologiing For any inadequacy inte
fecformance and ating for applause While The Tempest was Shakespeare's nl
Pavtance, he cosarae thee mare pays before he died, As such, no strong evgence
Rggerts the Epilogue needs tobe viewed 35 theatiafarewel
Discovery Aa Nea sy Ai ot fe chs Standord Modes and lectves-A ese bok be es
The Tempest
‘What is being said?
4
[nywhat ways do the unique qualtes ofthe microcosm island setting,
‘sist Prospero’ project for redemption and recoelstion
2 Brahnte Shaespeare's use of typleal Pastoral Romance conventions and
ri
to explore contextual issues related to exploration and discovery?
3 Discus the legacy of Prospero’ treatment of his castaways in the light
ofthe ‘high wrongs he has suffered at the hands of hs foes?
How does Shakespeare's presentation cf the natural world serve as 2
‘symbol and agent of reconciliation?
Wiha scovery’ ideas are evident in the pays representation of politcal
overthrow, ee and reconciliation?
hat ar the major differences between Prospero end Avie and hove i thi
contrat used to develop key ideas within ie pay?
7_Seholas have argued that Caliban’ excerience reflects aspects of European
Specialise andthe misetment of inaigenous peoples By cose analysis
ofthe teat, evaluate how wel his ew supports yout response to The
Tempest
8. What timeless sues ae f
explored within te play?
rom the varus master/servent relstionshios
How is it being said?
A. By close analysis of theo
served By beginning
‘he audence into
pening scene, evaluate what dramatic purpose is
the playin the midst oer. How does it help deowe
td ofthe text?
3. ‘The Tempest hasbeen described as a tag-comedy. How does
‘Statescare use conmentons ofboth gene frmsto develop character,
situstion and audience engagement?
4 ol spectac sate feature of this ply Whats cheved by
‘Shabespere's use ofthe popular Jacobean Masque?
5. Gonzalo and ethers speculate a
do tase dering views promot
and relationship?
oUt how society should be governed. How
> audlence reflection about people places
Extended Response Questions
2 emonsiae how i asa mujra n promoting [Link] in
seta cbracers andi achieving hope wtimateatncl ened tan
Reference must be made ta TWO key scones,
2. Evaluate how Tncus lengthy speech about Caan
ACL, Scene ngs
3828 relotesto broader themes of monstouih ana,
rerthrow. aan tg,
arene ase
ects of euoseae
See et e222
Contextual Documents - ‘The Tempest’
‘The Wreck of the Sea Venture
‘Alden T. Vaughan, professor em
a its of history, Columbia University: o-urator of Folger
$hekespeareUibrar/s 207 Shokespere mn amerien Ue exiton
ted from Alden F. Voughon,“ShokespeareDcvers America, Amerco OSCovers
okepeare,"Shakespearem Ameri fe exibition cotaog, Fle hatepeae Library,
ofthe Se Ventures wreck onthe Bermuda sands as often been od Dut teas ait
mary here because opened Shakespeare's works tothe influences of English colonization and,
Berspsmore important, because undergdsthe theory espoused interment since he te
rosteenth cnturythat Shakespeare set The Tempest on Bermuda and intends the characters to
{eet ay eran persons and eens emu 0h yrs tos of epied
Risers enues ke Prospe's Cave (ight Cb), Caan Bar, andthe Arie
The five hundred potenti cotnssin nie ships ha departed Engle in eal June 2609 expected
to sal north of Bermuda on their westard out rom the Canary sands t Vigna, When they
were several days short of their destination, 8 masse hurcane sated theft. ne vessel
Sank; seven ship srg int Jamestown, weeks overdue, The fash Seo Vertue, carrying he
fet’ admiral, Si George Somers and Vln’ new governor Si Thomas Gates, never ares at
Jamestown and was presumed t have been lo.
News ofthe tragedy reached England when the surviving ships headed home rom laestown
se with nothing but bed reports and eters of dacouragerent” England's ony American
colony, readers learned, was eset by Inlans, avaged by sickness, onthe verge of tarvatin, 3nd
Shor of eitmate leadership. te *headies and untied muttude” lamented the Virginia
{Company of London (the colony’ superisory boy) had succumbed to “order and ot"
Company spokesmen blamed everything, eect orndectyon"the Tempest."
‘Against all expectation, the Sea Venture had weathered te storm—barey. Among the survirors,
Willom Strachey deserbed the experience mos vv in a ver log letter (twenty tw flo pages
tun aly printed), vite in igi to an unnamed lady in England For tree days and four
tights, Strachey remembered, all ands—crew and passengers, noblemen andcommoners—
rene, baled, cast trunks and barrels overboard and jettisoned much ofthe shi’ ign while
ators lating their way with candles, stuffed the leaking hull with whatever came to hand, even
Aer rom te ship's laeder Many detraught sul, signed to. watery death, bd their fiends
Feewellor took refuge in drink But "it pleased God" another survivor grateful recalled o push
the seo Venture within three-quarters of 2 mle of Bermuda, where Yast lodged and locked”
ven coral boulders. All 150 passenges and crew rode the ship's bats to soi land
beta William Strachey's Account of the Storm (Extract)
A trve repertory of the wrake, and redemption of Sir Thomas Gates
‘knight: upon, and from the Islands ofthe Bermudas: his coming €2
Virginia, and the stats ofthat Colony then, and afer, un=
‘der the government ofthe Lord La War,
uly 15, 1610. Wetton by Wiliam Stracty, Esquire
fe described) thelr nracke on
‘A most dreadful Tempest (the mantels deaths whereof are here to the Hi
Bermuda; and the description of those Islands
Excellent Lady, know that upon Friday late in the evening, we broke ground out of the Sound of
Plymouth, our whole Fleet then consisting of seven good Ships, and two Pinnaces, all which from the
said second of June, unto the twenty three of lly, kept in friendly consort together, nota whole:
‘watch at any time, losing the sight each of other. Our course when we came about the height of
between 26 and 27 degrees, we declined to the Northward, and according to our Governor's
instructions altered the trade and ordinary way used heretofore by Dominico, and Menis, in the
‘West indies, and found the wind to this course indeed a friendly, as in the judgment of all Se2-men,
itis upon a more direct line, and by Sir George Summers our Admiral had been likewise in former
time sailed, being a Gentleman of approved assutedness, and ready knowledge in Sea-faring actions,
hhaving often carried commands, nd chief charge in many Ships Royal of her Majesty's, and in
sundry Voyages made many defeats and attempts in the time of the Spaniards quarreling with us,
‘upon the Islands and Indies, &
\We had followed this course so long, as now we were within seven or eight days at the most, by
Captain Newport’s reckoning, of making Cape Henry upon the coast of Virginia: When on St. James
his day, July 24, being Monday (preparing for no less all the black night before) the clouds gathering
‘thick upon us, and the winds singing, and whistling most unusually, which made us to cast off our
innace, towing the same until then aster, a dreadful storm and hideous began to blow from out
the Northeast, which swelling, and roaring 2s it were by fits, some hours with more violence then
others, at length did beat allight from heaven; which like an hell of darkness turned black upon us,
50 much the more fuller of horror as in such cases horror and fear use to overrun the troubled, and
overmastered senses of all, which (taken up with amazement] the ears lay so sensible tothe terrible
cries, and murmurs ofthe winds, and distraction of our Company, as who was most armed, and best
prepared, was not alittle shaken. For surely (Nable Lady) as death comes not so sudden nor
‘apparent, so he comes nat so elvish and painful (to men especially even then in health and perfect
habitudes of body) as at Sea; who comes a no time so welcome, but our frailty (so weak isthe hold
‘of hope in miserable demonstrations of danger) it makes gully of many contrary changes, and
Conflicts: For indeed death is accompanied at no time, nor place with circumstances every way 50
Luncapable of particularities of goodness and inward comforts, as at Sea, For it is most true, there
ariseth commoniy no such unmerciful tempest, compound of so many contrary and diverse Nations,
but that it worketh upon the whole frame of the body, and most oathsomelyaffecteth all the
powers thereof: and the manner of the sickness it lays upon the body, being so unsufferable, give
ot the mind any free and quiet time, to use her judgment and Empire...
For four and twenty hours the storm ina restless tumult, had blown so exceedingly, as we could not
apprehend in our imaginations any possibilty of greater violence, yet did we stl find it not only
‘more terrible, but more constant, fury added to fury, and one storm urging a second more
outrageous then the former; whether it 0 wrought upon our fears, or indeed met with new forces: Semetines strikes in our ship amongst women, and passengers nat sed to sich wr an
comfort, made us lok one upon the ther wth role Hets, rd panting Boom ut
ors drowned in the winds, and the winds in thunder. Prayers might wellbe inthe heart and is,
but drowned inthe outcris ofthe Ofcrs: nothing heard that could give comfort, nothing seen that
might encourage hope. It isimposible for me, had | the woie of Stentor and expression of as many
tongues, a his throat of voices, to express the autris and miseries, not languishing, but wasting His
Sp andar constant this own prince, but not revaing Ouse wound Py whos
{heir use, and if at any time we bore but a Hollck, or hal forecouse, to guide her before the Sea,
six and sometimes eght men were not enough to hod the whipstatf in the steerage, and the ter
beiow in the Gunner room, by which maybe magined the strength ofthe storm: n whic, the SeB
swelled above the Clouds and gave battle unto Heaven. could not besa to rain, the waters ike
whole Rivers did flood inthe af. An this did stil observe, that whereas upon the Land when 2
storm hath powered itself frth once in drifts of ain, the wind as beaten down, and vanauished
therewith nat lng after endureth here the git of water (asf trating the wind ee while] was no
Soone’ «litle emptied and qualified, bu instant the winds (as having gotten their mouths ro
te, Ard at liberty) spoke more loud, and grew more tumultuous and malignant: What shall | 5=y?
Winds and Seas were 2s mad, 38 fury ane rage could make them; for mine own part, had been in
2 storms before, a well upon the coast of Barbary and Agere, in the Levan, and once mere
distessfl i the adratc putin a bottom of Candy... etal that tad ever suffered gathered
together, ‘son with ths: there was nat a moment in which the sudden
spliting, or instant over-seting ofthe Ship was not expected.
Howbeit this was not allt pleased God toring a greater afition yet upon vs; fori the beginning
‘of the storm we had received likewise a mighty leak. And the Ship in every joint almost, having
spewed out her Ocam, before we were aware [a casualty more desperate than any other that &
Voyage by Sea draweth with it} was grown five foot suddenly deep with water above her ballast, and
‘we almost drowned within, whilst we sat looking when to perish from above. This imparting no less
terror then danger, ran through the wile Ship with much fright and amazement, startled and
‘ued the blood, and took down the braves of the most hardy Marine of ther all insomuch as he
‘that before happily fet not the sorrow of athers, now began to sorrow for himself, when he saw
such a pond of waterso suddenly broken in, and which he knew could not (without present
avoiding) but instantly sink him. So as joining (only for his own sake, not yet worth the saving) in the
public safety; there might be seen Master, Masters Mate, Boatswain, Quarter Master, Coopers,
Carpenters, and who not, with candles in thei hands, creeping along the ribs viewing the sides,
searching every corner, and listening in every place, if they could hear the water run. Many a
weeping leak was ths way found and hastily stopped, and at length ane in the Gunner room made
Up with | know not how many pieces of Beef: but all was to no purpose the Leak (fit were but one)
hich drunk in our greatest Seas, and took n our destruction fastest, could not then be found, nor
ver was, by any labor, coundl or search, The waters stil increasing, ané the Pumps going, which at
tength choked with bringing up whole and continval Biscuit and indeed all we had, ten thousand
weight] it was conceived, 2s most key, thatthe Leak might be sprungin the Bread room,
Winereupon the Carpenter went down, and ripped upall the room, but could not find itso.
1 am not able to give unto your Ladyship every man’s thought in this perplexity, to which we were
row brought; but to me, this Leakage appeared as a wound given to men that were before dead.
‘The Lord knoweth, | had as little hope, as desire of ie the storme, & inthis, it went beyond my
shill because beyond my reason, why we should labor to preserve lif; yet we di, either because $0
Ucar area few lingering hours of life in all mankind, or that our Christian knowledges taught us, how
much we owed tothe rites of Nature, as bound, not to be false to our selves, orto negect the
means of our own preservation; the most despairful things amongst men, being matters of no
sronder nor moment with him, who isthe rich Fountain and admirable Essence of all mercy. Our Governor, upon the Tuesday moring (at what time, by such who had been below nthe hole,
the Leak was fist discovered) had caused the whole Company, about one hundred and forty,
besides women, tobe equally divided into three parts, and opening the Ship in three places (under
the forecast, inthe wast, and hard by the Bitacke) appointed each man where ta attend and
thereunto every man came duly upon his watch, took the Bucket or Pump for one hour and rested
another. Then men might be seen to labor, | may west, fr if, andthe better sot, even Ur
Governr, and Admiral themsehes, not refusing their tur, and to spelleach the other, to eve
‘example to other. The common sort stripped naked, as meni Galley, the easier oth to hold ou,
{and to shrink from under the salt water, which continually leapt in among them, kept their eyes
waking, and their thoughts and hands working, with tired bodies, and wasted spins, three days and
four ights destitute of outward comfort, and desperate of any deliverance, testifying how mutual
wiling they were, yet by labor kep each atherfrom drowning, abet each one drowned whist he
labored
Once so huge a Sea broke upon the poop and quarter, upon us, ast covered our Ship from stern £0
stem, lke a garment ora vast cloud. It filed her bri full for awhile within, from the hatches up tO
the sparre deck. This force or confluence of water was so violent, sit rushed and caried the Hel-
‘man from the Helm, and wrested the Whipstaffout of his hand, which so flew from side to side, that
when he would have ceased the same again so tossed him from Starboard to Larboard, as it was
God's merey it had not split him: Itso beat him from his had, and so brused him, esa fresh man
hhaarding in by chance fll far witht, and by main stength bearing somewhat up, made good his
place, and with much clamor encouraged and called upon others; who gave her now up ent i
Pieces and absolutely lost. Our Governor was at this ime below atthe Capstone, both by his speech
and authority heartening every man unto his labor. It struc him from te place where he sot, and
groveled him, and all us about him on our faces, beating together with our breaths al thoughts from
‘ur bosoms, ese, then that we were now sinking. For my part | thought her already inthe bottom
‘ofthe Sea; and have heard him say, wading out of the flood thereof, all his ambition was but 0
cimb up above hatches to den Apertocoelo, and inthe company of his old friends. t so stunned
the ship inher Full pace, that she sired no more, than she had been caught ina net, or than, 2 f
the fabulous Remora ha stuck to her forcast, Yet without bearing one inch of sal, even then she
‘was making her way nine or ten leagues na watch. One thing, tis nat without his wonder (whether
it were the fear of death in so great a storm, or that it pleased God tobe gracious unto us) there was
‘not a passenger, gentleman, or other, ater he began to strand labor, but was able to relieve his
fellow, and make good his course; And ts most true, such ain al their lifetimes had never done
hours work before (thelr minds now helping thelr bodies) were abl twice forty elght hous together
to toll wth the best
During al this ime, the heavens looked so black upon us, that twas not possible the elevation of
‘the Pole might be abserved: nora Star by night, not Sunbeam by dey wast be seen. Only upon the
“Thursday night, Si George Summers bein upon the watc, had an apparition of ite round iht,
‘ke a faint Star, trembling, and streaming along witha sparking blaze, half the height upon the Main
[Mast, and shooting sometimes from Shroud to Shou, attempting to settle asit were upon any of
the four Shrouds; and for three or four hours together, of rather more half he night it kept with us,
running sometimes along the Mainyard to the very end, and then returning. At which, Si George
‘Summers called divers about him, and showed them the same, who observed it with much wonder,
and carefuiness but upon a sudden, towards the morning watch, they ost the sight ot, and knew
not what way lt made. The superstitious Seamen make many constructions of this Sear, which
nevertheless is usual in storms: The same it maybe) which the Grecans were wont in the
‘Mesiterranean to call Castor and Polus,of whch if one only appeared without the other, they
tookit for an evil sign of great tempest. The Malian, and such, whole open tothe Adriatic and
Tyrrene Sea, clit (a sacred Body) Corpo sancto: the Spaniards cll t Salat me, and have an fee ‘miraculous Legend for it. Be it what it will, we laid other foundations of safety or ruin
fe ie rising oF falling of it, could it have served us now miraculously to have taken our height
yt might have strucken amazement, and a reverence in our devotions, according to the due ofa
miracle. Butt dd not ight us any whit the more to our known way, who ran now (asa do
‘hoodwinked men) at all adventures, sometimes North, and Northeast, then North and by West, and
ant again varying two or three points, and sometimes half the compass. East and by South
a 35 mich as we could to bear upright, which wasno small carefulness nor pain to
muuch unrigged our Ship, threw overboard much luggage, many a Trunk and Chest (in
ed no mean oss) and staved many a But of Geer, Hogsheads of Oi, Cider, Win, and
«heaved away al our Ordnance onthe Starboard side, and had now purposed to have
he Nain Mast, the mare tighten hes, fr we were much spent, nd our men so weary,
stents together ales ther, with theit hearts, having travaled now from Tuesday til
"day and night, without either sieep or food; for the leakage taking up all the hold,
\we could nether come by Beer nor fresh water; re we could keep none in the Cookroom to dress
a, and carefulness, gif, and our turn athe Pump or Bucket, were sufient to hold sleep
fromour eves
And surely Madam, itis most true, there was not any hour (a matter of admiration) al these days, in
which we freed not twelve hundred Barrcos of water, the east whereof contained six gallons, and
some eight, besides three deep Pumps continually goin, two beneath at the Capstone, andthe
‘other above inthe half Deck, and at each Pump four thousand strokes at the least ina watch; $0251
‘may well say, every four hours, we quitted one hundred tons of water: and from Tuesday noon tl
Friday noon, we balled and pumped two thousand tons, and yet do what we could, when our Ship
the least inher, after Tuesday night second watch she bore ten foot deep, at which stay oUF
‘extreme working kept her one eight glasses, forbearance whereof had instantly sunk us, andi being,
‘now Friday, the fourth morning, t wanted ite, but that there had been a general determination, t0
hhave shut up hatches, and commending ou sinful souls to God, committed the Ship to the mercy of
the Sea: surely that night we must have done t and that night had we then perished: but see the
‘goodness and sweet introduction of better hope, by our mersiful God given unto us. Sir George
‘Summers, when no man dreamed of such happiness, had discovered, and ered Land Indeed the
‘morning now three quarters spent, had won lite clearness from the days before, andi being
‘better surveyed, the very tres were seen to move with the wind upon the share side: whereupon
‘our Governor commanded the Heim-man to bear up, the Boatswain sounding atthe Fst, found it
thirteen fathom, & when we stood a ite in seven fathom; an presently heaving his lead the third
time, hed ground at four fathom, and by this, we had got he within a mile under the Southeast
joint of the lan, where we had somewrat smooth water, But having no hope o save herby coming
Polen anchor in the same, we were enforced torun her ashore, as near the land as we could, which
trovent us within three quarters fa mile of shore, and by the mercy of God unto us, making out
sre Boats, we had ere night brought allour men, women, and chikren, about the numberof one
hundred and fifty, safe into the island
We foundit to be the dangerous and dreaded island, or rather islands ofthe Bermuda.
[a wian Southey (STE 62H), “Aton repay a ih wacked sedention of Tamas Gates Kh
Som ESP rc Soe 38 fr ei a vn San lends ta ins of erento
et sams comico sue re he
oe rl areca
‘er Sebastian ad Ao
Commentary
Aut Soe |
‘Senin ow gee
aaa im mae te Gea 8
“escent ates pcos sp ates
‘a teary the nave a wid
‘Srna bythe But. ei
‘pit props ors son a
aggound bat heen of King No
romedinely ies an eve at wl
‘etc ii auto? Ato
{Bam te ng and the 20
‘on ad, ach ot sping wl
rent and in es San
fates pnp sim be
coe oes wih Manan regi Heer DOO 27 4 ton Age et fn nin omg
pail atu a ares cetcan wenesona bk
Tle Soars us ars ml ar ei moe
el oe le er yn elo
Tees oer
smn gear tr evig Heme
The Dawn ones acon to save the ap bu ter sees
andthe ost escnfo n es "What mt our th be
‘LP at Ano once gain cases the Dstt ce abandon
hoe ech org death ns dlrent nay. Se py oe ot
{Cats mer tes feel each hero er ier
Qilve, Ahern eb At ed chins ete ak
Ac Sore 2
This long ne (00 ies conan amber of tinct bt ed
+ rosea ay, ner 1-186 The tempat reeled be ae
By Prosper pn eer ong his enemies wth is
poer Te tls he ory hw be wa terown at ue of
«nts ry cso Al elbow he bee Prospero
ede eis de vee Pose ris Al tw be
Fred is or prisoner
+ Cobar sty, ne 3ob-74 Caban dexribes aw Prospero
‘Sted ee id sede rogroweleame the and
‘ton the tng and te eben, be pempoy ees
HESSSE SSS
ferdinand a Mian
Fhe fing ans, een
fino ba Prospero wets is
rand begging be tex Poet al
py re ung ered
scene opens with Mi
the tempt Se fl of
Fein tt rp saree ha 0 00s Te
om enc eam doe” ning rnd ep eee
ge meth pene spel ler a
Rare evel hat epee os ion i mi
GIRMETES ted he ponsenges nd cio ate all sale. Some
ree ta Tne sor en
a on begin tbe scene quieter the tor as ede
Od mao ens cy oS
esr The hors now come ‘when be oust wel
eee fe ery ad cee why eh xed he eps at
Mes hed eves He queso es aot nat she
ce ee dete ene to el the land cave nw
Tee aight wan aly thee yar ld he noe
fee re set ws ra Hat i one
Baty mere) and demands i sng age of long stat
Mant Soe hey came tet ad. sees ea Ht
SL ret begs Popes tt by Harn hm bet, ary
SS hamou tha wb seen ney rough he par
“hy ahr was he Duke fis ae
hme tet became the pa he payed the dae ne emi
Tosorim to dive it th ft ide
On the care clos Toy song ding sk
‘Al an al quality. he 49.8)
Ae eons that he has cated ou Proxpet' commands in ect
en Hismincaloas dispay of fie cused tenor i tT
esrption of how he ‘lamed amnaemen” allover be eed
resembles the sangeet of bp aed Sunt E's Se se
‘now sors caught instr ts Shalespee's opratos
‘may have bee sted by alte ten by Wc Saco Seas
‘which td of roc Ente lghing son daring apo a
emia oe page 6) Anes scons wend de cry ad
snd he passengers leapt vena. Pit jmp ware ng on
Feedinand with he fancy. Hl ep Anal eden
wee
‘Aes hat the pscengers are now se onshore, and he sc
‘seep aboard the sip seul sm babar 2 eel tay Tey
‘oak of the sland. The wat ofthe ee rtrd Base
ples, mourning the la f King Alonso in te shines Pes
ve pleted with Anes pefrmance, Wt i eminr Ut ee
‘mare wt provoess rts rm th spins hr rere
{adiuonl tes the spt whe sened tapers ete hee
"eee and Al wo except. ie defiance af epee
‘mands hi beri anoter nan ofthe ee of lenges
‘0 authority which sounds reg te py Prosper ong
that he es ashi seater, beling tenet
Finest smack) atthe ict and mie tk Al at
‘fred fr hie
Ofte at ep,
Poni won te sharp wind of he ot,
To dome busines inthe vee tent
roepero reminds the aggrieved Arlo he fed hm frm
Spore The soy be tale depen the stmospre of mystery tat
Ctaraceris the apd yor Toul wie bd 0 erg he
inhabits af Agere with er any omens nde pl
stand at thet “oth (highen pila, and he ma ae sewe e
sme ae brant oe tlc kot Sa
Soi vio dices he pow snd hs eheep a,
PER RR SS SSEEE EEE
(nichts mani. aod soci terble J To ener horan
eating) ht hey bad banished es fn the cy Shwe ened
the isan resend rel Hen tory ou be oboe
and tefl commands eraped ber wer 0 se pared in
inde a tre for twee yee Daring tne sede Ing
‘ln inked only by Calin, the os born oe ee, ad ye
(cou aulleng Ae Prospero srg onthe nd wed it
‘agi tpl he imprisoning pne ean ee Ai But rp
‘Spl he ah de oh tre a ethene Al wh oat
‘he puisheen be continues to pre
‘And ppt ni ony era .
“Te tea pomp Ar 6 beg fr pardon. Sage peomances
ture prayed vey fen woe whch be abs ages
snp ping ety. Se Al ae apparel riety mb
td crt, ort hve made en tte tee fo
perder, nd ec ene mn gt ot
(he pat for ssn camp). Psp ees sted and
‘rime sean an ener With An depere he
tut pene ve bu apy wes Mls nd
ting, mg won nth ic To
Clitan gumbles fom ff sage. “Ter wid eight
tu Prone it on ental ss ere art of
Ts owns Ar ping acetate Ael ey peed
‘Be Crap ep een tg crn tino pine
ain ‘amp
: ‘on i (ed reper ad
fro bad ed
hs me a io se Minds Calas
he adhd ae nay roca ayo
sin she ug C f
oh Calon to sock eve commons
Minas Fa fo te snd de
se tae hs wi,
evel exposed cota Yo Miran. "Te ing cara of
od sy whit thou st yond’ ay be
xe Calan, You cn find ore 08 te acgound 1 he
rpg meron on pes 72-530 9-9.
mtn Ter much does ple ving 1 Mea
cu apinet Catan Abra tne 9-6 tog
eros hele spate by Madson
seers ike eigen and eect ce, i bt 56
a ed ted cnr of ey hee we ren
et candace member ek th hh
rere ee at of chars for Minds.
dent ye ene cai oder and ao
ts Reger: Cle ees ior Moe
Pe Cee Sor Sen Cla epi
‘ec a pode incre 2, which cones Find
sti oy cane of Calan and Prope he hag:
Me mae, becrnng one of quiet atmo. (0 ST
id ce end te ed by he ie’ A ad
ant pd emannd by rcet nc hat Ne ae 2
Se sc camino ergs. a ian
sin Toe ore whee he aes bce sent and
Carin! ie ou ave an Ke
nies pts ona hres of ats ing
nn ead, ch oe, sat te ic
rt moran ing of et fs abe when
ie nea nes enc sg Ful tor fey be:
ee reed eda a or
tg rpms map tana his bones to er:
See I a The cong ers ii eset ein
mPa nota den sng a
vn causing te ships ets in
vs wil Me eno engorer te mene
eves win SPO
say mening wns ve i oe
ar Proper unm Fc’ A
aa ee Hecate ad een at
2 a ed enw et 20d dows ed
ety, shoving hat iave ced tat Calin war an innocent natural pod person
se eine hn rans a ogy
Mand and Fednand. Ae the seme deepsea tht
te fs outward eur he bape thy lise, i
Slbraty eqnesed command 0 Mada The ng neti of
thor ee srance "Andy what thu ses Jad may be
Shakes wy of indcaing tht wit flow pat of te
se dion of Romane at he og op wl
Joe fi Andie tho Mie gh
‘edd, she makes Br ante ene ss at
suland s eaty eri ye eh rd Mo
Youwonde, bests the said Heatnghereph Neeeas
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