QUANTITY SURVEYING AND

ESTIMATION (CIV3024B)

Module 3 Rate Analysis

Rate analysis
Definition: In order to determine the rate of a particular
item, the factors affecting the rate of that item are studied
carefully and then finally a rate is decided for that item. This
process of determining the rates of an item is termed as
analysis of rates or rate analysis.
The rate of an item considering the cost of-
• Quantities of materials,
• Cost of labour,
• Cost of tools and plants,
• Overhead charges,
• Contractor’s profit etc. is known as analysis of rates.
 Purpose of rate analysis
1. To determine the current rate per unit of an item at the
locality.
2. To examine the viability of rates offered by contractors.
3. To work out the economical use of materials i.e. reduces
wastages of materials.
4. To work out cost of extra items which are not provided in
the contractor bond but are to be done as per direction of
department(PWD).
5. To revise the schedule of rate due to increase in cost of
materials and labours or due to change in technology.
6. To calculate the quantity of materials and labours strength
required for project planning.
Labour cost
Cost of labour -types of labour, standard schedule of rates

The labour can be classified in to

1) Skilled 1st Class
2) Skilled 2nd Class
3) Un-skilled

The labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule of

rates 30% of the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as 1st
class, remaining 70% as 2nd class.
The rates of materials for Government works are fixed by the
superintendent Engineer for his circle every year and approved by the
Board of Chief Engineers. These rates are incorporated in the Standard
Schedule of Rates (SSR).
Factors affecting rate analysis
• Quality of materials.
• Proportion of materials.
• Construction facilities with respect to tools and plants.
• Location of construction sites.
• Facilities available for transportation of labours and
materials.
• Overhead charges.
• Miscellaneous expenditure and profit desired.
• Experience of workers and amenities provided to them.
• Proper guidance and management.
Purpose of Estimating
• To ascertain the necessary amount of money required by the
owner to complete the proposed work.
• For public construction works, estimates are required in order to
obtain administrative approval, allotment of funds and technical
sanction.
• The ascertain quantities of materials required in order to
programe their timely procurement.
• To calculate the number of different categories of workers
• To assess the requirements of tools, plants and equipments
• To fix up the completion period from the volume of works
• To draw up a construction schedule, programme and also arrange
the funds
• To justify the investment form benefit cost ratio.
• To invite tenders and prepare bills for payment
• An estimate for an existing property is required for valuation
Important Terms in Rate Analysis
• Sundries: These are miscellaneous small items or work that
do not readily fit into standard categories and so
are classified as being under sundries. For such items there is
no separate detail estimate prepared, it’s cost considered in
terms of percentage.
Ex. Lime Powder, Nails, Material Testing, Debris
Removal, Statutory Obligations etc.

• Task Work or Turn Out: The capacity of one labour to

complete the work particular item of work in a day (8 hours).
Ex: For Excavation in soft soil 0.55/day/labour.
• This helps to calculate the no. of labour required for particular
item of work.
 Analysis of rates comprises of
1. Cost of material
2. Cost of labour
3. Cost of tools and plants and sundries
4. Carriage
5. Contractor’s profit

- Other Direct cost:

- T & P (Tools and Plants) = 5% of (Labour cost+Material Cost)

- Indirect Cost:
- Water charges = 1.5% of total cost
- Contractor’s profit = 10%
- Work Charged Establishment Charges= 2%
- Site Overhead charges= 5%
- Risk elements= 3%
- Total Indirect Cost = 21.5%
Thumb Rules
• For 1m3 wet concrete = 1.52 m3 dry concrete
approximately.

• Specific Weight of concrete= 1440 kg/m3 (or) 1.44 t/m3

• 1 cu. m of cement work 30 no. of cement bags are

required or 35 litre

• 1 brass = 10 x 10 x 1 ft. = 100 cu. ft = 2.83 cu. m

or = 10 x 10 ft. = 100 sq. ft

• For 1 cu. m of brick work= 500 no. of bricks are required.

Problem 1 Prepare rate analysis for 10 cu.m. of brickwork using IS 2nd
class bricks in 1:6 cement mortar.
1) Brickwork

Quantity of brickwork = 10 cu.m.

Standard size of IS 2nd class bricks = 19cm x 9cm x 9cm
Size of brick with 1 cm thickness of cement mortar = 20cm x 10cm x 10cm

Volume of one brick = 0.2m x 0.1m x 0.10m =0.002 cu.m.

No of bricks required for 10 cu.m. brickwork= (10 / 0.002) = 5000 nos.

Considering 5 % wastage = 5000 x 0.05 = 250 nos.

Total no of bricks = 5000 + 250 = 5250 nos.

• Quantity of mortar = 10 cu.m. – 5000(0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09)
=10 – 7.695
= 2.305 cu.m.
• Considering 10 % wastage of wet mortar = 2.305 x 0.1
= 0.2305 cu.m.
• Total volume of mortar = 2.305 + 0.2305
= 2.5355 cu.m.
• Increase dry volume by 30% due to voids
= 2.5355 + 2.5355 x 0.3
= 2.5355 + 0.76065
= 3.29615 cu.m.
Total volume of mortar = 3.29615 cu.m.
Proportion of cement mortar proportion 1:6
Quantity of cement required = total volume x (1 / (1+6))
= 3.296/7
= 0.47 cu.m.
Calculation of no of cement bags = 0.47 x 30 = 14.1 bags
Quantity of sand required = Total volume x (6/7)
= 3.296 x 6/7
= 2.82 cu.m.
For wastage and bulking of sand increases by 10%
= 2.82 + 2.82 x 0.1
= 3.102 cu.m.
 Rate analysis(Material)
Sr. Item Quantity Unit Rate Amount
no. per
RS. Paise Rs. Paise

1 Cement 15 bags bag 310 00 4650 00

2 Sand 3.102 cu.m. Cu.m. 780 00 2419 56

(crushed)
3 Bricks 5250 nos. No. 5 00 26250 00

Total 33319 56

Add 1 % 333 19
sundries
Total 33652 75

Cost of material for 10 cu.m. = Rs. 33652.75

 Rate analysis(Labour) (SSR 2018-19)

Sr. Labour Quantity Unit Rate Amount

no. per
RS. Paise Rs. Paise

1 Mason 2 day 511 00 1022 00

2 Male 5 day 464 00 2320 00

mazdoor
3 Female 5 day 464 00 2320 00
coolie
4 Bhisti 1 day 484 00 484 00

5 Maistry 1 day 511 00 511 00

Total 6657 00

Cost of labour /day for 10 cu.m of brickwork = Rs. 6657.00

Final Cost for Brickwork:
• Total cost = 33652.75 + 6657 = Rs. 40309.75

Tools and Plant Cost = 5% Total (Material and Labour Cost)

• Total direct cost = 40309.75 + 40309.75 x 0.05

= 40309.75 + 2015.48
= Rs. 42325.23
- Indirect Cost:
- Water charges = 1.5% of total cost
- Contractor’s profit = 10%
- Work Charged Establishment Charges= 2%
- Site Overhead charges= 5%
- Risk elements= 3%
- Total Indirect Cost = 21.5%

• Final cost of Brickwork is = 42325.23 + 42325.23 x 0.215

= 42325.23 + 9099.92
= Rs. 51425.15 /-

Cost/cu. m for brickwork is = Rs. 5142.51 /-

Problem 2 - Find out dry materials required for 1 cubic m. concrete.
Concrete 1:4:8 in foundation.

Ratio 1:4:8 (Cement : Fine Aggregate (sand) : Coarse Aggregate)

Sum = 1+4+8 = 13

Total dry mortar for 1 cu m cement concrete = 1.54 cu m.

Therefore the following materials are required.

Quantity of Cement = (1/13) x 1 x 1.54 = 0.118 cu m.

no. of cement bags required = 0.118 x 30 = 3.54 bags = 4 bags.

Quantity of fine aggregate (sand) = (4/13) x 1 x 1.54 = 0.474 cu m.

Quantity of coarse aggregate = (8/13) x 1 x 1.54 = 0.948 cu m.

 Rate analysis (Material)SSR (2018-2019)
Sr. Item Quantity Unit Rate Amount
no. per
RS. Paise Rs. Paise

1 Cement 4 bags bag 310 00 1240 00

2 Sand 0.474 Cu.m. 780 00 369 72

(crushed)
3 Aggregates 0.948 Cu.m. 700 00 663 60

Total 2273 32

Add 1 % 22 73
sundries
Total 2296 05

Cost of material for 1 cu.m. concrete = Rs. 2296.05

 Rate analysis(Labour) (SSR 2018-19)

Sr. Labour Quantity Unit per Rate Amount

no.
RS. Paise Rs. Paise

1 Male 2 day 464 00 928 00

mazdoor
2 Female 2 day 464 00 928 00
coolie
3 Bhisti 1 0.5 day 484 00 242 00

4 Maistry 1 0.5 day 511 00 255 50

Total 2353 50

Cost of labour /day for 1 cu.m of concrete = Rs. 2353.50

Final Cost for Concrete:
• Total cost = 2296.05 + 2353.50 = Rs. 4649.55

• Tools and Plant Cost = 5% Total (Material and Labour Cost)

Total direct cost = 4649.55 + 4649.55 x 0.05

= 4649.55 + 232.47
= Rs. 4882.02
- Indirect Cost:
- Water charges = 1.5% of total cost
- Contractor’s profit = 10%
- Work Charged Establishment Charges= 2%
- Site Overhead charges= 5%
- Risk elements= 3%
- Total Indirect Cost = 21.5%

Final cost of (1 cu. m.) Concreting is = 4882.02 + 4882.02 x 0.215

= 4882.02 + 1049.63
= Rs. 5931.65

Cost/cu. m for Concerting is = Rs. 5931.65/-

Problem 3 Calculate the quantity of material for the following items. Refer
SSR 2020-21.

a) RCC M 15 for 20 cu.m. work.

b) RCC M 20 for 15 cu.m. work.

Excluding steel reinforcement.