1. Ls - List of files from current directory.
2. Ls -l - List of files from current directory with details
3. Ls -lr - List of files from current directory with details in reverse order
4. Ls -lrt - List of files from current directory with details in reverse order as per time
stamp
5. Ls -lrth - List of files from current directory with details in reverse order as per time
stamp with human readable format
6. Ls -li - check index number
7. PWD - present working directory
8. Which LS - absolute directory path
9. CD - - Change previous working directory
10. Cd .. - Change previous directory
11. Cd ../ .. - Change 2 steps before directory
12. Sudo username - login as sudo user
13. Mkdir dir_name - Create new directory
14. Touch file_name - create new file with current time stamp
15. Touch -A file_name - change access time
16. Touch -M file_name - change modification time
17. Touch -T 202312011205 file_name - define time stamp for file_name (YYYYMMDDHHMM)
18. Touch -R T1 T2 - change time stamp of T1 as T2
19. CMD { | } CMD - Pipeline operator to use first cmd output as input for 2nd cmd
20. Stat File name - get stats of file
21. Sudo su root - login as root
22. Chmod 777 file - change permission for user-group-other as rwx-rwx-rwx
23. Chmod g/u/o +r/w/x - add permission for user-group-other as rwx-rwx-rwx
24. Chmod g/u/o -r/w/x - remove permission for user-group-other as rwx-rwx-rwx
25. Abc - change permissions as per other file
26. Sudo chown user file_name - change owner name of file as sudo
27. Sudo chgrp user file_name - change owner of group as sudo
28. Chown file_name - change owner of file
29. Who - current logged in users details
30. Whoami - displays current user’s username
31. CAT file - open file in read mode
32. Cat > file - open file in write mode
33. Cat file1 >> file2 - append file1 into file2
34. Man cmd - provides details of mentioned cmd
35. Useradd - add new user
36. Sudo adduser abc - New user as sudo user
37. Sudo adduser abc sudo - add new user to sudo group
38. Sudo userdel -fr newuser - delete new created user
39. Sudo iu user - change user as normal user
40. Sudo su user - change user as sudo user
41. Rmdir Dir_name - remove directory
42. Rm -r - remove directory recursively
43. Hostname - hostname of PC
44. Stat - status of current server
45. top - check running status of server
46. Umask - mask code
47. Hostname -i - IP address of host
48. Uname - os name
49. Scp ABC destination - secured copy file
50. Cp ABC destination - copy file
51. Cp -i ABC destination - interactive copy
52. Cp -p ABC destination - preserve time stamp & permission of copied file
53. Cp -r ABC destination - recursively change permissions of copy
54. Mv ABC destination - move file to other destination
55. Mv -i ABC dest. - get indication if there is already file available
56. Mv -b ABC dest - get backup ready while moving file
57. Mv old_name New_name - rename the file
58. Wc ABC - Used to get count of words, lines, characters
59. Wc -c ABC - count characters
60. Wc -l ABC - count lines
61. Wc -w ABC - count words
62. More abc - page wise forward view
63. Less abc - read file forward & backward
a. Use G - for move to first page
b. Use shift+G - to move to last page
c. / - use to search words,
d. N - Go to next page to check next result
64. Head abc - top 10 lines by default
65. Head -n abc - top n lines
66. Tail abc - bottom lines
67. Tail -n abc - last n lines
68. Echo $sheel - get sheel type
69. History - gives history of commands used in session
70. Echo - eco ‘Welcome all to new world’’
71. Ls -lrt | tail -2 - Recently generated 2 files
72. Head -400 abc | tail -100 abc - get records from line number 300 to 400 from 500 lines file
a. Head cmd gets first 400 lines and it provides it’s output to next cmd where tail cmd gets
bottom 100 lines which ended up result as lines between 300-400.
73. Cal - calender of current month
74. Cal 2014 - calender for the year of 2024
75.
