पं चवर्षीय योजना
(1) First Five Year Plan (1951-1956)
The first plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model.
The outline of the first five-year plan was prepared by young economist K. N. Raj had
made it.
Community Development Program (CDP) established in 1952.
In the first plan itself, multi-purpose river projects like Bhakra Nangal, Damodar
Valley and Hirakud, mainly focused on agriculture, were started.
(2) Second Five Year Plan (1956-61)
The second plan was based on the 4 regional model developed by P. C. Mahalanobis.
The sectors included in the model were- capital goods sector, factory produced
consumer goods sector, small unit production sector and domestic industry sector.
• Rourkela (Odisha), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Durgapur (West Bengal), steel plants were
established in the Second Plan itself.
• Iron plants in Rourkela, Bhilai and Durgapur have been established with the
cooperation of Germany, Russia and Britain respectively.
(3) Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966)
This scheme was started with the aim of making the Indian economy self-reliant and
spontaneous.
There was no clear mention of the planning model of the Third Plan, but this plan was
influenced by Mahalanobis's four regional models, Dr. Sande's Demonstration
Planning Model and Sukhmoy Chakraborty Model.
पं चवर्षीय योजना
• The main reasons for the failure of the Third Plan were the India-China War (1962),
the India-Pakistan War (1965), and the drought of 1965-66. As a result, the scheme
had to face problems like increase in price level, shortage of food grains, foreign
exchange crisis, huge adverse balance in trade account etc.
Plan leave (1966 to 1969)
• In these three years, separate plans were made for each year.
• The reasons behind creating the planning holiday were the India-Pakistan war and
the failure of the Third Five Year Plan.
(4) Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974)
• The draft of the plan was prepared by Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission
D.R. Gadgil prepared.
• The basic objective of the Fourth Plan was “Economic development with stability
and attainment of self-reliance”.
Special emphasis was given on rapid industrial development and basic and heavy
industries.
(5) Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1978)
The objective of this scheme was poverty alleviation and attainment of self-reliance.
The Janata Party government ended the plan a year ahead of schedule and
implemented the Sixth Plan (1978-80), which was named Rolling Plan. It was
propounded by Gunar Middle and it was planned to be implemented in India. The
credit goes to D.T. Lakdawala.
(6) Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985)
पं चवर्षीय योजना
Poverty alleviation, economic development, modernization, self-reliance and social
justice were the main objectives of the plan. Programs related to eradication of rural
unemployment IRDP, NREP, TRYSEM, DWACRA, RLEGP were implemented in
this scheme.
(7) Seventh Plan (1985-1990)
• The goal of this plan was to increase the production of food grains, increase
employment opportunities and productivity, establishment of a social system
incorporating the basic concepts of modernization, self-reliance and social justice, etc.
• Special programs like Jawahar Rozgar Yojana were started in addition to the already
running programs to remove unemployment as well as poverty.
(8) Eighth Plan (1992-97)
• The Eighth Plan was based on the John W. Miller model resulting in a liberalized
economy and aimed at human resource development.
(9) Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002)
The main objective of the Ninth Plan was human development as well as development
with equitable distribution and equality.
• It laid emphasis on seven basic minimum services.
• These services include pure drinking water, primary health, primary education,
houses, nutritious food for children, roads to villages and settlements, housing for the
poor.
This included improving the public distribution system.
(10) Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)
पं चवर्षीय योजना
Based on a more comprehensive input output model.
• Creation of 5 crore employment opportunities (at the rate of 1 crore employment
annually) under the scheme.
• In the 10th Plan, maximum emphasis was on agricultural development while
maximum expenditure was on energy.
(11) 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012)
• The plan presents a comprehensive strategy for faster and more inclusive growth.
(12) 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
The subtitle of the 12th Five Year Plan is – Accelerated Sustainable and More
Inclusive Growth.
To achieve 50 percent Gram Panchayat status of Nirmal Gram by the end of 12th Five
Year Plan in rural India.
• A target has been set to provide banking facilities to 90% of Indian households by
the end of the 12th Five Year Plan.
In the field of environment, a target has been set to increase green cover by 1 million
hectares every year. Besides, a target was also set to reduce the emission capacity by
25% by 2020.
