functions
A function is a group of statements that together
perform a task.
Another advantage of using functions is that it is
possible to reduce the size of program by calling
and using them at different places in program.
Every C++ program has at least one function,
which is main(), The C++ standard library provides
numerous built-in functions that your program can
call.
About function
• A function declaration tells the compiler
about a function's name, return type, and
parameters.
A function definition provides the actual body
of the function.
• Function call
note: proto type and call is always in main()
and definition is always outside the main.
Different parts of a function −
• Return Type − The return_type is the data type of the value the
function returns. A function may return a value. Some functions
perform the desired operations without returning a value. In this
case, the return_type is the keyword void.
• Function Name − This is the actual name of the function. The
function name and the parameter list together constitute the
function signature.
• Parameters − When a function is create, you pass a value to the
parameter. This value is referred to as actual parameter or
argument. The parameter list refers to the type, order, and number
of the parameters of a function. Parameters are optional, that is a
function may contain no parameters.
• Function Body − The function body contains a collection of
statements that define what the function does.
Pre defined string function
• Str cat(); for concatination
• Str cmp(); comparing the string
• Str cpy(); copy one string from one variable
to another
• Str len(); for calculate the length
Str cat();
• Void main()
• {
• Char n1[15];
• Char n2[5];
• Cout<<“enter 1st string”;
• [Link](n1,15);
• Cout<<“enter2nd string”;
• [Link](n2,5);
• Strcat(n1,n2);
• Cout<<“concatination of two string=“<<n1;
• Getch();
• }
Strcpy()
• Void main()
• {
• Char n1[15];
• Char n2[15];
• Cout<<“enter 1st string”;
• Cin>>n1;
• Cout<<“enter2nd string”;
• Cin>>n2;
• Strcpy(n2,n1);
• Cout<<n2;
• Getch();
• }
Strcmp()
• Void main()
• {
• Char n1[15];
• Char n1[15];
• Int r;
• Cout<<“enter 1st string”;
• Cin>>n2;
• r=strcmp(n1,n2);
• If(r>0)
• {
• Cout<<“string 1st is greater”;
• }
• Else if(r<0)
• {
• Cout<<“string 2nd is greater”;
• }
• Getch();
• }
WAP to enter any string from the user and check
whether its is pelindrom or not
• Void main()
• {
• Char n1[15],n2[15]
• Int r;
• Cout<<“enter any string”;
cin>>n1;
Strcpy(n2;n1);
• Str rev(n1)
• r=str cmp(num1,num2);
• If r=0 {
• Cout<<“pelindrom”;
• }
• Else
• Cout<<“not pelindrom”;
• }
Function prototyping
• Function prototyping is one of the major
improvement added to c++ functions.
• The prototype describes the function interface
to the compiler by giving details such as the
number and type of argument and the type of
return values.
• syntax:
• Type function name(argument-list);
• Ex: float volume(int x, int y, int z);
• Float(int x, y) // can’t declare
• Float(int, int) // can daclare
User defined function
• Types of function
• 1)no return type no argument
• 2) with return type with argument
• 3) no return type with argument
no return type no argument
• Void main()
• {
• Void table() //function prototype
• Table(); // function call
• Getch();
• }
• Void table() // function definition
• {
• Int num,t,i;
• Cout<<“enter any no”;
• Cin>>num;
• For(i=1; i<=10; i++)
• {
• T=num*I
• Cout<<t;
• }
• }
no return type with argument
• Main()
• {
• Int n;
• Cout<<“enter any no to print a table”;
• Cin>>n;
• Void tab(int); // fun prototype/declaration , it may be inside or outside the main fun.
• Tab(n); //fun call, actual parameter
• Getch();
• }
• Void tab(int x) // function definition, formal parameter
• {
• Int i,t;
• For (i=1; i<=10;i++)
• {
• T=i*x;
• Cout<<x<<“*”<<i<<“=“<<t<< endl;
• ]
• }
exercise
• WAP to make a function to find greater of two
no.
with return type with argument
• Void main()
• {
• Float avg(float,float,float) // fun prototype
• Float a,b,c,av;
• Cout<<“enter marks of three subjects”;
• Cin>>a>>b>>c;
• Av=avg(a,b,c) // fun call
• Cout<<“average=“<<av;
• getch();
• }
• Float avg(float x,float y,float z)
• {
• Float average;
• Average=x+y+z/3;
• Return average
• }
