Given, K 12 hr

x 0.2
∆t 6 hr
Outflow = Inflow

D = K - Kx + 0.50∆t 12.6
D = 12.6

C0 = (-Kx +0.5 ∆t)/ D 0.04761905

C0 = 0.047619

C1 = (Kx + 0.5 ∆t)/ D 0.42857143

C1 = 0.428571

C2 = (K - Kx -0.5 ∆t)/D 0.52380952

Check:
C0 + C1 + C2 = 1.0000
0.0476 + 0.4286 + 0.5238 1
Substitute the coeffiecients in eq 4-6

Q2 = C0I2 +C1I1 + C2Q1

Q2 = 0.0476 I2 +0.4286 I1 + 0.5238 Q1

For t = 6 hr
Q1= I1 = 50 cfs

For t = 12 hr
Q2 = [(0.0476*75) +(0.4286 *50) + (0.5238*50)] 51.19 cfs

For t = 18 hr Q2 = 66 cfs

Time (hr I2 (cfs) I1 (cfs) Q1 (cfs) Q2 (cfs)

6 50 0 0 50.00
12 75 50 50 51.19
18 150 75 51 66.10
24 450 150 66 120.29
30 1000 450 120 303.33 Inflow-Outf
36 840 1000 304 627.81
1200
42 750 840 628 724.67
48 600 750 724 729.24
1000
54 300 600 729 653.29
60 100 300 654 475.90
66 50 100 476 294.57 800
72 50 50 294 177.81 Flow (cfs)
78 50 50 178 117.05 600
84 50 50 17 32.71
90 50 50 85 68.33 400
96 50 50 68 59.43
102 50 50 60 55.24
200
108 50 50 55 52.62
114 50 50 53 51.57
120 50 50 51 50.52 0
0 20 40 60
126 50 50 51 50.52
Time
132 50 50 50 50.00
138 50 50 50 50.00
 Inflow-Outflow Hydrographs

Inflow
Outflow

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Time (hr)
Solution Determine the average storage for each one-day period Graph storage vs. time for the reservoir for the event. Assu
reservoir is initially empty)

Trapezoidal rule (Area between the curves) = 1/2(I1-Q1)+(I2-Q2) X (∆T)

Area between Cumulative

Time(days) I(cfs) Q(cfs) I-Q
the two curves storage (ac-ft)
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.5 500 250 250 62.5 62.5
1.5 3500 1000 2500 1375 1437.5
2.5 9000 3000 6000 4250 5687.5
3.5 9750 4500 5250 5625 11312.5
4.5 8000 5750 2250 3750 15062.5
5.5 4500 6000 -1500 375 15437.5
6.5 2250 5250 -3000 -2250 13187.5
7.5 1250 4250 -3000 -3000 10187.5
8.5 250 3250 -3000 -3000 7187.5
9.5 0 2500 -2500 -2750 4437.5
10.5 0 1500 -1500 -2000 2437.5
11.5 0 1000 -1000 -1250 1187.5
12.5 0 750 -750 -875 312.5
13.5 0 0 0 -375 0

Storage vs. time

18000
16000
Cumulative Storage (ac-ft)

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (day)
 10000

Cumulative Stora
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (day)

What is the (approximate) maximum storage reached during this storm event?

The maximum storage, as indicated, is when the rate of change of storage with respect to
time is zero. At this point, inflow I equals outflow Q. This condition signifies the peak
storage in the reservoir.

This occurs at day 5, where the inflow and outflow hydrographs intersect. The approximate
maximum storage reached during this storm event is 15,437 ac-ft.

b) Comparison of the results.

Trapezoidal Method:
Average daily storage: 4,861.25 ac-ft

Method from the Example:

Average daily storage: 14,753 ac-ft

Comparison:
The average daily storage calculated using the Trapezoidal method is significantly
lower than the one calculated using the method from the example. Specifically, the
method from the example produces an average daily storage that's more than three
times larger than the Trapezoidal method's result.
reservoir for the event. Assume that (the

(∆T)
Solution
To determine the precise location of point D, we'll evaluate the areas of triangles ABD, ABC, and ADC.

1. Triangle ABD: The area is given as ΔABD = 15 ac-in or 15 cfs-hr.

2. Triangle ABC: Its area can be calculated as ½ × 11 hr × 8 cfs, resulting in ΔABC = 44 cfs-hr.
3. Triangle ADC: The area is the difference between ΔABC and ΔABD, yielding ΔADC = 29 cfs-hr.

Knowing that the area of ΔADC is represented by ½bh, we can deduce the accurate y-coordinate where th
hydrographs intersect.

Given ΔADC = ½ × 11 × yd, we find yd = 5.27 cfs.

With the peak flow determined as 5.27 cfs, the corresponding time can be obtained from the equation of t
C:

y = -x + 11.
At yd = 5.27 cfs,
the time xd = 5.73 hr,
positioning point D at (5.73, 5.27).

To identify the moment when the outflow halts (denoted as x e), we consider that the area of ΔCDE = 15 c

From this, we can determine the areas of ΔCDF and ΔDEF:

- ΔCDF is ½ × (11 - xa) × ya, resulting in 13.89 cfs-hr.

- ΔDEF is the sum of ΔCDF and ΔCDE, totaling 28.89 cfs-hr.

Using ΔDEF = 28.89 cfs-hr = ½ × EF × 5.27, we find EF = 10.96.

Hence, xe = xd + 10.96 = 16.7 hr.

In summary, based on the given data and calculations, the revised coordinates for the outflow hydrograph
and indicate that outflow ceases at x e = 16.7 hr.

Old point D ( 7 hr, 4 cfs) -> new point D ( 5.73 hr, 5.27 cfs )
Old point E (24 hr, 0 cfs) -> new point E (16.7 hr, 0 cfs )
In summary, based on the given data and calculations, the revised coordinates for the outflow hydrograph
and indicate that outflow ceases at x e = 16.7 hr.

Old point D ( 7 hr, 4 cfs) -> new point D ( 5.73 hr, 5.27 cfs )
Old point E (24 hr, 0 cfs) -> new point E (16.7 hr, 0 cfs )

Inflow and outflow hydrograph

9
B
8

6
D
Flow(cfs-hr)

1
C
0 E
A 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time(hr)
angles ABD, ABC, and ADC.

n ΔABC = 44 cfs-hr.
elding ΔADC = 29 cfs-hr.

accurate y-coordinate where the inflow and outflow

obtained from the equation of the line between points B and

er that the area of ΔCDE = 15 cfs-hr.

ates for the outflow hydrograph place point D at (5.73, 5.27)

ates for the outflow hydrograph place point D at (5.73, 5.27)

drograph

C
F
0 12 14 16 18
Solution Given, ∆t 12 hr
L 15 ft

First we develop a table of 2Sn/∆t + Q versus Q

Y (ft) Q (cfs) S (ac-ft) S (cfs-hr) 2S/∆t + Q (cfs)

0 0.00 0 0.00 0.0
0.2 5.03 60 30.25 10.1
0.4 14.23 120 60.50 24.3
0.6 26.14 180 90.75 41.3
0.8 40.25 240 121.00 60.4
1 56.25 300 151.25 81.5
1.2 73.94 360 181.50 104.2
1.4 93.18 420 211.75 128.5
1.6 113.84 480 242.00 154.2
1.8 135.84 540 272.25 181.2
2 159.10 600 302.50 209.5
2.2 183.55 660 332.75 239.0
2.4 209.14 720 363.00 269.6
2.6 235.82 780 393.25 301.4
2.8 263.55 840 423.50 334.1
3 292.28 900 453.75 367.9
3.2 321.99 960 484.00 402.7
3.4 352.65 1020 514.25 438.4
3.6 384.22 1080 544.50 475.0
3.8 416.68 1140 574.75 512.5
4 450.00 1200 605.00 550.8
4.2 484.17 1260 635.25 590.0
4.4 519.16 1320 665.50 630.1
4.6 554.96 1380 695.75 670.9
4.8 591.54 1440 726.00 712.5
5 628.89 1500 756.25 754.9

Next eq 2-13 is solved for the right hand side. This value is used to find a value of Q. For ecample:
Q1 = 0, s1 =0, (2S1/∆t - Q1) =0
(I1+I2) + (2S1/∆t - Q1) = (252/∆t - Q2)
(40 + 35 ) + (0-0) = 75

Time (hr) Ii (cfs) In+ In+1 (cfs) Q S (2Sn /∆T)-Qn

12 40.00 40 5.03 30.25 0.00
24 35.00 75.00 14.23 60.50 -10.50
36 37.00 72.00 26.14 90.75 -22.20
48 125.00 162.00 40.25 121.00 -15.06
60 340.00 465.00 56.25 151.25 -69.12
72 575.00 915.00 73.94 181.50 -236.52
84 722.00 1297.00 93.18 211.75 -349.35
96 740.00 1462.00 113.84 242.00 -651.88
108 673.00 1413.00 135.84 272.25 -545.22
120 456.00 1129.00 159.10 302.50 -589.80
132 250.00 706.00 183.55 332.75 -340.59
144 140.00 390.00 209.14 363.00 -214.90
156 10.00 150.00 235.82 393.25 -86.63
nd a value of Q. For ecample:
(In+ In+1) + (2Sn /∆T)-Qn Qn+1
40.00 25.25
64.50 43.35
49.80 32.43
146.94 108.03
395.88 316.20
678.48 513.91
947.65 799.77
810.12 677.67
867.78 728.79
539.20 439.90
365.41 290.15
175.10 130.86
63.37 42.50
Solution
First develop the storm hydrograph for each subbsin
The rainfall and the unit hydrograph for A and B are identical, their storm hydrographs are the same.

P1 = (5 cm/hr - 2.5 cm/hr) (1/6 hr) 0.42 cm

P2 = (10 cm/hr -1 cm/hr) ( 1/6 hr) 1.50 cm
P3 = (5 cm/hr -1 cm/hr) (1/6 hr) 0.67 cm

Time (min) UA (m3/s) P1UA P2UA P3UA QA = QB (m3/s)

0 0 0.0 0.00
10 5 2.1 0 2.09
20 10 4.2 7.5 0.00 11.67
 30 15 6.3 15 3.34 24.59
40 20 8.3 22.5 6.67 37.51
50 25 10.4 30 10.01 50.43
60 20 8.3 37.5 13.34 59.18
70 15 6.3 30 16.68 52.93
80 10 4.2 22.5 13.34 40.01
90 5 2.1 15 10.01 27.09
100 0 0.0 7.5 6.67 14.17
110 0 3.34 3.34
120 0.00 0.00

For Subbasin C

P1 = (5cm/hr - 1 cm/hr) (1/6 hr) 0.667 cm

P2 = (10 cm/hr)(1/6 hr) 1.67 cm
P3 = (5 cm/hr) (1/6 hr) 0.883 cm

Time (min) Uc (m3/s) P1Uc P2Uc P3Uc Qc (m3/s)

0 0 0.0 0.00
10 16.7 11.1 0 11.14
20 33.4 22.3 27.889 0.00 50.17
30 50 33.4 55.778 14.75 103.87
40 33.4 22.3 83.5 29.49 135.27
50 16.7 11.1 55.778 44.15 111.07
60 0 0.0 27.889 29.49 57.38
70 0.0 0 14.75 14.75
80 0.0 0 0.00 0.00

Next, to get the storm hydrograph at point 2, we combine the hydrographs from A and B at
point 1, route this combined hydrograph through the reach 1-2 and combine it with the
hydrograph from C to point 2. To combine A and B double the flow from A. To route it, lag by
30 min.

Time (min) Qc (m3/s) QA (m3/s) lagged 2QA (m3/s) lagged Q at point 2

0 0 0.00
10 11.14 11.14 160.00
20 50.17 50.17
140.00
30 103.87 0.00 0 103.87
40 135.27 2.09 4.17 139.44 120.00
50 111.07 11.67 23.34 134.41
100.00
60 57.38 24.59 49.18 106.56
Q at point 2

70 14.75 37.51 75.02 89.77 80.00

80 0 50.43 100.86 100.86 60.00
90 59.18 118.36 118.36
100 52.93 105.86 105.86 40.00
110 40.01 80.02 80.02 20.00
120 27.09 54.18 54.18
0.00
130 14.17 28.34 28.34 0
140 3.34 6.67 6.67
 20.00

0.00
0

150 0.00 0 0.00

hs are the same.
om A and B at
it with the
To route it, lag by

Storm Hydrograph At Point 2

160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00
Q at point 2

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time (min)
20.00

0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time (min)
Solution:
Given, K 4 hr
x 0.1
∆t 1 hr
Outflow = Inflow

D = K - Kx + 0.50∆t 4.1
D= 4.1

C0 = (-Kx +0.5 ∆t)/ D 0.024390243902

C0 = 0.024390243902

C1 = (Kx + 0.5 ∆t)/ D 0.219512195122

C1 = 0.219512195122

C2 = (K - Kx -0.5 ∆t)/D 0.756097560976

Check:
C0 + C1 + C2 = 1.0000 1

Q2 = C0I2 +C1I1 + C2Q1

Time Feature A Feature B Feature C Total Inflow Outflow

Inflow (m3/s) Inflow (m3/s) Inflow (m3/s)
0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 100 100 40 240 128.28
2 100 140 35 275 189.36
3 100 200 37 337 212.60
4 100 320 125 545 338.48
5 100 440 340 880 548.68
6 100 560 555 1215 775.07
7 100 750 700 1550 995.32
8 100 700 720 1520 1022.81
9 100 600 654 1354 912.28
10 100 500 569 1169 792.36
11 100 400 333 833 588.09
12 100 300 212 612 420.00
13 100 200 124 424 299.45
14 100 100 0 200 154.14
15 100 0 0 100 70.84
16 100 0 0 100 64.51
17 100 0 0 100 66.91
18 100 0 0 100 66.00
19 100 0 0 100 66.35
20 100 0 0 100 66.21
21 100 0 0 100 66.26
22 100 0 0 100 66.24
23 100 0 0 100 66.25
24 100 0 0 100 66.25
 Inflow-Outflow Hydrograph
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
Flow (cfs)

800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIme (hr)

Total Inflow Total Outflow

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIme (hr)

Total Inflow Total Outflow

25 30
25 30