NOAKHALI SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Department of Economics
Assignment on
"Building a Better Future: Sustainable Development Goals in
Action in Bangladesh and Switzerland"
Course Title: Development Economics-I
Course code: ECO 4101

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Azmir Hossain Pias Afrida Jinnurain Urbee
Roll: ASH2012044M Lecturer
Year:04, Term-1 Department of Economics
Session :2019-20 Noakhali Science and Technology
Department of Economics. University.

Date of submission: 22th April, 2024

 "Building a Better Future: Sustainable Development
Goals in Action in Bangladesh and Switzerland"
The United Nations (UN) has adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, aiming to
address social, economic, and environmental challenges worldwide. These goals
are interconnected and mutually reinforcing, recognizing that progress in one area
often depends on advancements in others.

The SDGs provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing and addressing the
multidimensional nature of development challenges, emphasizing the need to
balance economic, social, and environmental objectives to achieve sustainable
development. Intergenerational equity is central to the SDGs, which aim to create
a more equitable and sustainable world for current and future generations. By
addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental
degradation, the SDGs contribute to building a more inclusive and resilient global
economy.

However, their implementation faces significant challenges, including the lack of

adequate resources and political commitment to support the achievement of the
goals. Many developing countries struggle to mobilize the necessary funds and
technical capacity to implement the SDGs effectively, leading to gaps in progress
and uneven outcomes across different regions and sectors.

Additionally, addressing systemic issues such as poverty, inequality, and

environmental degradation requires transformative changes in policies,
institutions, and behavior at local, national, and global levels. This
transformational agenda poses challenges in terms of political will, policy
coherence, and stakeholder engagement, as well as the need for innovative
solutions and new forms of governance to address complex development issues.

Despite these challenges, the SDGs also present significant opportunities for
fostering sustainable development and collective action. By setting clear and
measurable targets, the goals provide a roadmap for action and accountability,
enabling countries to track progress, identify gaps, and adjust strategies
accordingly. Additionally, the SDGs offer a common framework for cooperation
and partnership among different stakeholders, promoting synergies and collective
impact in addressing shared challenges.
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A

Blueprint for a Sustainable Future:

• No Poverty: Ending poverty in all its forms is the first goal of the SDGs. This
involves not only increasing the income of the poorest individuals and
communities but also addressing the social, economic, and political factors that
perpetuate poverty.

• Zero Hunger: Achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting

sustainable agriculture are at the core of this goal. It aims to ensure that everyone
has access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round.

• Good Health and Well-being: This goal focuses on promoting physical and
mental health for all ages. It includes targets related to reducing maternal and
child mortality, combating communicable diseases, ensuring access to essential
healthcare services, and strengthening health systems.

• Quality Education: Ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education for all is
crucial for fostering lifelong learning opportunities. This goal aims to ensure that
 everyone has access to quality education and opportunities for personal and
professional growth.

• Gender Equality: This goal aims to achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls. It involves eliminating discrimination, violence, and harmful
practices against women and girls and ensuring equal access to opportunities and
resources.

• Clean Water and Sanitation: Access to clean water and sanitation is essential
for human health, well-being, and sustainable development. This goal aims to
ensure universal access to safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation
facilities.

• Affordable and Clean Energy: Transitioning to sustainable and clean energy

sources is pivotal for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable
development. This goal focuses on expanding access to affordable and clean
energy for all.

• Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promoting inclusive and sustainable

economic growth, productive employment, and decent work for all are the key
objectives of this goal. It emphasizes creating opportunities for decent work and
entrepreneurship while ensuring fair wages and safe working conditions.

• Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Investing in infrastructure,

innovation, and sustainable industrialization is crucial for fostering economic
growth and sustainable development. This goal focuses on building resilient
infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and
fostering innovation.
• Reduced Inequality: Reducing inequalities within and among countries is
essential for achieving sustainable development. This goal aims to reduce income
inequality, promote social inclusion, and ensure equal opportunities for all.

• Sustainable Cities and Communities: This goal focuses on making cities and
human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. It emphasizes
sustainable urban planning, access to green spaces, affordable housing, and
efficient public transportation systems to reduce pollution and promote
sustainable development.

• Responsible Consumption and Production: This goal aims to ensure

sustainable consumption and production patterns by promoting resource
efficiency, reducing waste generation, and promoting sustainable practices in
 manufacturing and consumption. It includes actions to raise awareness, provide
incentives, and promote sustainable lifestyles.

• Climate Action: This SDG is focused on taking urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts. It includes strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
increase resilience to climate-related hazards, and promote renewable energy and
sustainable land use practices to mitigate the effects of global warming.

• Life Below Water: This goal highlights the importance of conserving and
sustainably using marine and coastal resources. It focuses on protecting and
restoring marine ecosystems, reducing marine pollution, and promoting
sustainable fisheries to ensure the health and resilience of oceans and marine life.

• Life on Land: This SDG focuses on protecting, restoring, and promoting the
sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, forests, and biodiversity. It includes
actions to combat desertification, restore degraded land, conserve biodiversity,
and promote sustainable land management practices to preserve ecosystems and
wildlife.

• Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: This goal aims to promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all,
and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. It includes
actions to reduce corruption, promote the rule of law, and ensure equal access to
justice and human rights for all.

• Partnerships for the Goals: This goal emphasizes the importance of

collaboration and partnerships among governments, civil society, and the private
sector to achieve the SDGs. It calls for enhanced global cooperation, technology
transfer, capacity-building, and resource mobilization to support the
implementation of the goals at the local, national, and international levels.

Each of these SDGs plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development

and addressing global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and
environmental degradation. By focusing on these goals and taking concrete
actions, countries and stakeholders can work together to create a more sustainable
and equitable world for present and future generations.
 • Why the SDGs are a Comprehensive Framework for
Global Sustainability
The SDGs indeed offer a holistic approach to addressing global challenges by
recognizing the interconnectedness of various issues and focusing on multiple
dimensions of sustainability. Here are some key reasons:

1. Holistic Approach: The SDGs cover a wide range of issues, including

poverty, inequality, climate change, health, education, and more, recognizing
that these challenges are interconnected and must be addressed together.

2. Interconnected Goals: The goals are designed to be interlinked, meaning

progress in one goal can positively impact progress in others. For example,
improving access to education (Goal 4) can help reduce poverty (Goal 1) and
promote gender equality (Goal 5).

3. Universal Application: The SDGs apply to all countries, emphasizing the

shared responsibility of all nations to work towards a sustainable future.
4. Inclusivity: The SDGs aim to leave no one behind, focusing on marginalized
and vulnerable populations to ensure that progress is equitable and inclusive.

5. Long-Term Vision: The goals set targets for 2030 but also promote a long-
term vision for sustainability beyond that timeframe, encouraging continuous
efforts towards a more sustainable world.

6. Multi-Stakeholder Engagement: Achieving the SDGs requires

collaboration among governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals.
The goals emphasize the importance of multi-stakeholder partnerships in
driving progress.

7. Accountability and Monitoring: The SDGs have a robust monitoring

framework to track progress, hold governments and stakeholders accountable
for their commitments, and identify areas that need more attention or resources.
Socioeconomic, Political, and Environmental Landscape of Bangladesh and
Switzerland: A Comparative Analysis Through the Lens of the Sustainable
Development Goals:
• BANGLADESH
• Socioeconomic Landscape
Bangladesh is a densely populated country in South Asia with a significant
proportion of its population living below the poverty line. According to the World
Bank, around 20% of the population lives in extreme poverty, with limited access
to basic services such as education, healthcare, and sanitation.
• Political Landscape
Bangladesh has a history of political instability, characterized by frequent
changes in government and periods of unrest. The country has made efforts to
strengthen democratic governance and institutions, but challenges remain in
terms of corruption, human rights violations, and political violence. Freedom of
expression and press freedom are also areas of concern, with restrictions on media
outlets and civil society organizations.
• Environmental Landscape
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, with its low-lying
geography making it prone to flooding, cyclones, and sea-level rise. The country
faces challenges in managing natural disasters and adapting to changing climatic
conditions. Water pollution, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity are also
pressing environmental issues that threaten public health and ecosystems.
• SWITZERLAND:
Switzerland is a landlocked country in Western Europe known for its high
standard of living and strong environmental conservation efforts. The country
ranks highly in terms of environmental performance, with policies that promote
renewable energy, waste reduction, and biodiversity conservation
• socioeconomic indicators
Switzerland has low poverty rates, high levels of education attainment, and a
robust social welfare system. The country performs well in terms of income
equality, gender equality, and healthcare access. Switzerland's strong economy is
driven by sectors such as finance, pharmaceuticals, and technology, which
contribute to its high Human Development Index ranking.
• political front
Switzerland is known for its stable democracy, direct democracy system, and
decentralized governance structure. The country has a tradition of political
neutrality and international cooperation, hosting various international
organizations and diplomatic missions. Switzerland's commitment to human
rights, rule of law, and civil liberties underpin its democratic values and social
cohesion.
 SDGs status of
BANGLADESH and SWITZERLAND
At a Glance
BANGLADESH East and South Asia

OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG

101
100
STATUS OF SDG SDG

90 SDG TARGETS (%) 17 1

COUNTRY SDG
16
100 SDG
2
RANKING 80 75
/166 70
SDG
15 50
SDG
3
25
60 SDG
SDG
14 4
50
COUNTRY 40 Bangladesh
SCORE SDG
13
SDG
5
30
65.9
20
SDG
Worsening 12 6
10
Limited progress
REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 0 Achieved or on track
SDG
SDG
11 7
SDG SDG
10 SDG
8
SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 9

S S S A D S

S D S • D A

D G G G D
Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable
p Decreasing 5 Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable
Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: [Link]

INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX

0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100

OECD members 73.8

Eastern Europe and Central Asia 91.1
Middle East and North Africa 94.5
Latin America and the Caribbean 96.2
Bangladesh 97.8
East and South Asia 97.8
Sub-Saharan Africa 98.3
Oceania 99.8

STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX

0
0 (worst) to 100 (best)
100
A 2%
69.7 30

Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus

SWITZERLAND OECD Countries

OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG

15
100
STATUS OF SDG SDG

90 SDG TARGETS (%) 17 1

COUNTRY SDG
16
100 SDG
2
RANKING 80 75
/166 70
SDG
15 50
SDG
3
25
60 SDG
SDG
14 4
50
COUNTRY 40 Switzerland
SCORE SDG
13
SDG
5
30
80.5
20 SDG
SDG
Worsening 12 6
10
Limited progress
REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 0 Achieved or on track
SDG
SDG
11 7
SDG SDG
10 SDG
8
SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 9

D D S S S A

S A S G S A

D • D D S
Major challenges Significant challenges Challenges remain SDG achieved Information unavailable
p Decreasing 5 Stagnating D Moderately improving L On track or maintaining SDG achievement • Information unavailable
Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: [Link]

INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX

0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100

Switzerland 53.7
OECD members 73.8
Eastern Europe and Central Asia 91.1
Middle East and North Africa 94.5
Latin America and the Caribbean 96.2
East and South Asia 97.8
Sub-Saharan Africa 98.3
Oceania 99.8

STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX

0
0 (worst) to 100 (best)
100
A 5%
88.8 11.0

Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus

Bangladesh and Switzerland
Differences
in
SDGs Phase
Challenges, Initiatives, Processes
Slide by Slide...
 ▪ No Poverty (SDG 1)
Bangladesh Switzerland

Challenges: Challenges:

High poverty rates: Bangladesh has a 1. Relative poverty: While Switzerland

significant proportion of its population living has low poverty rates compared to many
below the poverty line, with around 20% in other countries, there are still pockets of
extreme poverty. relative poverty.

Income inequality: Disparities between urban 2. Cost of living: Switzerland's high cost
and rural areas contribute to income inequality of living can pose challenges for low-
in Bangladesh. income individuals and families.

Initiatives: Initiatives:

1. Social safety nets: The government of 1. Social welfare system: Switzerland has
Bangladesh has implemented social safety net a robust social welfare system that
programs to provide financial assistance to provides financial support to those in
vulnerable populations. need, including unemployment benefits
and social assistance programs.
2. Microfinance: Initiatives such as
microfinance programs have helped empower 2. Education and training programs:
individuals, particularly women, to start small Switzerland invests in education and
businesses and improve their livelihoods. training programs to enhance skills
development and employability among its
population.

Progress: Progress:

1. Progress in poverty reduction: Bangladesh 1. Low poverty rates: Switzerland boasts

has made progress in reducing poverty rates low overall poverty rates compared to
over the years, with targeted interventions and many other countries, reflecting its strong
economic growth contributing to social welfare system and economic
improvements. stability.

2. Social safety nets: The implementation of 2. Income equality: Switzerland performs

social safety net programs has helped reduce relatively well in terms of income
vulnerability and improve the well-being of equality, with policies in place to address
marginalized populations in Bangladesh. disparities and promote social cohesion.
 ▪ Zero Hunger (SDG 2)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND
Challenges: Challenges:

- High population density and limited arable land - High cost of living leading to food
- Vulnerability to natural disasters such as floods insecurity for some vulnerable
and cyclones. populations.

- Limited access to clean water and sanitation. - Limited agricultural land and dependence
on imports for food supply.
- Poverty and income inequality leading to food
insecurity. - Food waste and unsustainable
consumption patterns.

Initiatives: Initiatives:

- National Food Policy focusing on food security, Sustainable agriculture practices

nutrition, and poverty reduction. promoting local food production and
reducing environmental impact.
- Agriculture development programs to increase
productivity and resilience of smallholder - Food waste reduction initiatives through
farmers. awareness campaigns and regulations.

Progress: Progress:

-Significant progress in reducing hunger and - Low levels of hunger and malnutrition
malnutrition rates over the past decade with high food security indicators

- Improvement in food security indicators such - Strong focus on sustainable food

as undernourishment prevalence and stunting production and consumption practices
rates

- Increased agricultural productivity and - Reduction in food waste and

diversification of food sources improvement in food distribution systems
 ▪ Good Health and Well-being (SDG 3)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

-High population density leading to limited - High cost of healthcare services leading to
access to healthcare services. disparities in access.

- High prevalence of communicable diseases such - Aging population and associated health
as malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue. challenges.

- Limited healthcare infrastructure and resources - Mental health issues and stress-related
in rural areas. illnesses.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- National Health Policy focusing on improving - Universal healthcare system providing

healthcare access and quality. comprehensive coverage for all residents.

- Expansion of healthcare infrastructure and - Health promotion campaigns promoting

services in rural areas. healthy lifestyles and preventive care.

- Immunization programs to prevent - Mental health support services and initiatives

communicable diseases. to reduce stress-related illnesses.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Improvement in healthcare access and quality, - High life expectancy and low infant
with increased life expectancy. mortality rates indicating good health
outcomes.
- Reduction in maternal and child mortality rates - Effective healthcare system providing quality
through targeted programs. services to all residents.

- Progress in combating communicable diseases - Emphasis on preventive care and health

through vaccination campaigns. promotion leading to better population health.
- Enhanced focus on nutrition and sanitation to
improve overall health outcomes. - Continued investments in research and
innovation to address emerging health
challenges.
 ▪ Quality Education (SDG 4)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Limited access to quality education, especially - Disparities in access to education based on

in rural areas. socio-economic background.

- High dropout rates, particularly among girls and - Language barriers for non-native speakers in
marginalized communities. the education system.

- Inadequate infrastructure and resources in - Pressure on students due to competitive

schools. education system.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- National Education Policy focusing on - Comprehensive education system providing

improving access and quality of education. equal opportunities for all students.

- Programs to increase enrollment and retention - Support programs for students from
rates, especially for girls. disadvantaged backgrounds.

- Teacher training initiatives to enhance the - Multilingual education programs to address

quality of education delivery. language barriers.

- Investment in educational infrastructure and - Vocational training programs to prepare

resources. students for the workforce.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Increase in enrollment rates at primary and - High literacy rates and strong performance in
secondary levels. international assessments.

- Improvement in gender parity in education, - Equal access to education for all students
with more girls attending school. regardless of socio-economic status.

- Expansion of educational infrastructure in rural - Focus on skills development and lifelong

areas. learning opportunities.

- Enhancement in teacher training and quality of - Emphasis on innovation and digital literacy in
education delivery. education.
 ▪ Gender Equality (SDG 5)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Traditional societal norms that prioritize males - Gender pay gap and underrepresentation of
over females. women in leadership positions.

- High rates of child marriage and limited access - Work-life balance challenges for women
to education for girls.
.
- Gender-based violence and discrimination. - Stereotypes and unconscious biases affecting
career progression for women.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- Implementation of laws against child marriage - Gender equality laws and policies promoting
and domestic violence. equal pay and opportunities.

- Promotion of girl's education through - Parental leave policies to support work-life

scholarships and awareness campaigns. balance.

- Women's economic empowerment programs, - Gender diversity initiatives in corporations

including microfinance initiatives. and public sector.

- Institutional support for women entrepreneurs - Mentoring and leadership development

and small business owners. programs for women in the workforce.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Improvement in girls' education enrollment and - Progress in closing the gender pay gap,
literacy rates. though challenges remain.

- Decline in child marriage rates. - Increase in women representation in political

and corporate leadership positions.
- Increase in women's participation in the
workforce, especially in the garment industry. - Enhancements in work-life balance policies.

- Legal reforms and awareness campaigns - Greater awareness and advocacy for gender
leading to higher reporting and prosecution of equality issues in society.
gender-based violence cases.
 ▪ Clean water and sanitization (SDG - 6)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Limited access to clean water and sanitation -Despite having better infrastructure for water
facilities in rural areas and informal settlements. and sanitation, there are concerns about
pollution from agricultural run-off, urban areas,
- Water contamination due to industrial pollution, and industrial activities.
inadequate sewage treatment, and poor waste
disposal systems. - Ensuring access to clean water and sanitation
for marginalized communities and migrants
-Waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and remains a challenge.
diarrhea are prevalent.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- The government has implemented the National - Switzerland has strong regulations and
Sanitation Campaign to improve access to policies in place to ensure water quality and
sanitation facilities. sanitation standards are met.

- Initiatives like the Community-Led Total - The Swiss Water Supply and Sanitation
Sanitation approach have been effective in Association plays a key role in promoting
promoting hygiene practices in rural areas. sustainable water management practices.

- Collaboration with NGOs and international - Investment in research and innovation to

organizations to address water and sanitation improve water treatment technologies and
challenges. infrastructure.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Significant progress has been made in - Switzerland has achieved almost universal
improving access to clean water sources in urban access to clean water and sanitation facilities.
areas and reducing open defecation.
- Continuous monitoring and maintenance of
- The percentage of the population with access to infrastructure to ensure water quality and
improved water sources has increased over the sanitation standards are maintained.
years.
- Efforts to promote sustainable water
- However, more efforts are needed to achieve management practices and address emerging
universal access to safe water and sanitation challenges like water scarcity.
facilities.
 ▪ Affordable and clean energy (SDG-7)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Lack of access to electricity in rural areas. - High energy consumption per capita.

- Heavy reliance on fossil fuels for energy - Need for reducing carbon emissions from
generation. transportation and industry.

- Insufficient funding for developing renewable - Balancing energy demands with

energy sources. environmental conservation efforts.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- Implementation of the Renewable Energy -Transition to renewable energy sources

Policy. like hydropower, solar, and wind energy.

- Promotion of solar energy through projects like - Implementation of energy efficiency

the Solar Home System. programs in buildings and industries.

- Investment in wind power and hydropower - Promotion of electric vehicles and

projects. sustainable transportation solutions.

• Progress: Progress:

- - Significant progress in expanding access to - High percentage of renewable energy in total

electricity in rural areas. energy consumption.

- Increased investment in renewable energy - Decrease in greenhouse gas emissions over the
projects. years.

- Reduction in reliance on fossil fuels for energy - Strong commitment to achieving carbon
generation. neutrality by 2050.
 • SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 8 (SDG-8)
• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

1. Low wages and poor working conditions in 1. High cost of living leading to income
many sectors. inequality.

2. Job insecurity and lack of social protection for 2. Declining job opportunities in certain
workers. industries due to technological advancements.

3. Unemployment and underemployment, 3. Challenges in integrating immigrants and

particularly among youth. refugees into the workforce.

4. Limited access to decent work opportunities for 4. Gender pay gap and underrepresentation of
women. women in leadership positions.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

1. Implementation of the Bangladesh Labor Act 1. Strong labor unions and collective
to protect workers' rights. bargaining agreements to protect workers'
rights.
2. Focus on skill development programs to
improve employability. 2. Vocational education and training
programs to address skill shortages in the
3. Promotion of sustainable and inclusive labor market.
economic growth through initiatives like the
Bangladesh SDGs implementation. 3. Promotion of innovation and
entrepreneurship to drive economic growth.
4. Efforts to increase investment in key sectors to
generate more job opportunities.

• Progress: Progress:

1. Improvement in labor standards and working 1. Low unemployment rates and strong
conditions in certain industries. economic growth.

2. Increase in employment opportunities in 2. Continued focus on innovation and research

sectors like the garment industry. to drive economic development.

3. Growth in the economy and reduction in 3. Improvement in gender equality and diversity
poverty rates. in the workplace.
 • Industry, Innovation, And Infrastructure (SDG 9)
• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Limited infrastructure development, especially - High cost of infrastructure maintenance and

in rural areas. development.

- Insufficient access to modern technologies and - Increasing competition in global markets due
innovation. to innovation from other countries.

- Lack of skilled human resources in the industrial - Need for sustainable infrastructure
sector. development to reduce environmental impact.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- Implementation of the Bangladesh Industrial - Fostering innovation through government

Policy to promote industrial growth. support for research and development.

- Establishing Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to - Investing in sustainable infrastructure

attract foreign investment. projects to reduce environmental impact.

- Promoting innovation through the Digital - Encouraging public-private partnerships

Bangladesh initiative. for infrastructure development.

- Investing in infrastructure projects such as - Promoting high-tech industries through

transportation and energy. initiatives like the Swiss Innovation Park.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Bangladesh has seen significant growth in - Switzerland is a global leader in innovation

industrial output and exports in recent years. and has a strong industrial base.

- Increased investment in infrastructure projects - High-quality infrastructure and efficient

to improve connectivity within the country. transportation networks contribute to economic
success.
- Implementation of policies to promote
innovation and entrepreneurship. - Continued investment in research and
development to maintain competitive
- Development of the ICT sector with the growth advantage.
of the outsourcing industry.
- Strong commitment to sustainable
development and environmentally friendly
infrastructure projects.
 • Reduced Inequality (SDG 10)
• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:
- Disparities in income and wealth distribution,
- High levels of income inequality, with a with challenges related to social mobility.
significant gap between the rich and the poor.
- Issues of discrimination and exclusion faced
- Limited access to basic services and by minority groups, immigrants, and refugees.
opportunities for marginalized communities.
- Gender pay gap and underrepresentation of
- Gender inequality, with women facing women in leadership positions.
discrimination in various aspects of life.
- Regional disparities in access to resources and
- Vulnerability to natural disasters and climate opportunities.
change impacts exacerbating inequalities.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:
- Social safety net programs targeting the most - Social welfare programs providing support for
vulnerable populations. low-income individuals and families.

- Efforts to improve access to healthcare, - Anti-discrimination laws and policies to

education, and social services for marginalized promote equality and inclusion.
communities.
- Gender equality measures to address pay gaps
- Gender equality initiatives promoting women's and promote women's representation in
empowerment and participation in decision- leadership roles.
making.
- Integration programs for immigrants and
- Disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation refugees to facilitate their participation in
programs to address vulnerabilities. society.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Reduction in poverty rates and improvement in - Low levels of income inequality compared to
access to basic services for marginalized many other countries.
communities.
- Strong social safety net and healthcare system
- Increased participation of women in the providing support for vulnerable populations.
workforce and decision-making processes
- Progress in disaster preparedness and resilience- - Progress in gender equality with
building efforts. improvements in women's representation in
politics and business.
- Strengthening of social protection programs to
reduce inequalities. - Efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in
society through integration programs.
 • SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES (SDG 11)
• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Rapid urbanization leading to increased strain - High cost of living and housing in urban areas
on infrastructure and services in cities. leading to social inequalities and exclusion.

- Lack of proper urban planning resulting in - Pressure on natural resources and environment
informal settlements and slums. due to urban development.

- Vulnerability to natural disasters such as floods - Integration of migrant population in urban

and cyclones affecting urban areas. areas and ensuring social cohesion.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- Implementation of the Dhaka Structure Plan to - Implementation of strict zoning laws and
guide urban development in the capital city. building regulations to ensure sustainable urban

- Introduction of programs like the Bangladesh - Investment in renewable energy and green
Climate Change Resilience Fund to address infrastructure to reduce carbon footprint in
climate risks. cities.

- Promotion of sustainable urban transport - Promotion of public transportation and cycling

systems like the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in networks to reduce reliance on private cars.
Dhaka.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Significant progress has been made in - High level of urban sustainability achieved
improving access to basic services like water, with strong emphasis on environmental
sanitation, and electricity in urban areas. conservation and energy efficiency.

- Initiatives like the Urban Governance Project - Effective waste management systems in place
have helped in strengthening local government to promote recycling and reduce landfill waste.
capacities for urban management.
- Continuous efforts to enhance public spaces
- Increased awareness and engagement of the and promote cultural heritage conservation in
community in sustainable urban development urban areas.
practices.
• RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION (SDG 12)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

-Lack of awareness among consumers about - High levels of consumption and waste
sustainable consumption practices. generation per capita.

- Limited infrastructure for waste management - Challenges in reducing emissions from

and recycling. transportation and energy sectors.

- High population density leading to increased - Balancing economic growth with sustainable
pressure on resources. consumption goals.

- Fast fashion industry leading to - Addressing the environmental impact of its

overconsumption and waste. financial sector.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:
- Implementation of strict regulations on
- Implementation of policies promoting waste management and recycling.
sustainable production practices.
- Promotion of circular economy practices
- Promotion of eco-friendly products and to reduce waste.
packaging.
- Investment in renewable energy sources
- Awareness campaigns and educational and energy-efficient technologies.
programs on responsible consumption.
- Support for sustainable innovation and
- Collaboration with international organizations green businesses.
for capacity building and knowledge sharing.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Improvement in waste management practices in - Significant progress in waste recycling and

some urban areas. management.

- Increased awareness among consumers about - Adoption of sustainable consumption

sustainable consumption. practices in various industries.

- Collaboration with global partners on initiatives - Reduction in carbon emissions through

related to responsible production. renewable energy sources.

- Implementation of sustainable development - Continued focus on research and development

projects in various sectors. for sustainable production methods.
 • Climate Action (SDG 13)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

1. Vulnerability to climate change impacts due to 1. Contribution to global carbon emissions

its low-lying geography and high population despite being a small country due to high per
density. capita emissions.

2. Frequent natural disasters, such as cyclones, 2. Impact of climate change on alpine

flooding, and river erosion. ecosystems, including retreating glaciers and
changing biodiversity.
3. Limited financial resources to implement large-
scale climate mitigation and adaptation measures. 3. Transitioning from fossil fuel dependency
towards renewables in sectors like
transportation and heating.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:
1. National Adaptation Plan to address the 1. National Energy Strategy to phase out
impacts of climate change on key sectors like nuclear power and increase renewable energy
agriculture, water resources, and infrastructure. sources.

2. Climate Change Trust Fund to support climate- 2. Carbon pricing mechanisms to incentivize
related projects and activities. emission reductions across industries.

3. Renewable energy projects focusing on solar 3. Climate and Energy Fund to support
and wind power generation. innovation and research in clean technologies.

• Progress: • Progress:

1. Bangladesh has made progress in increasing 1. Switzerland has significantly reduced its
renewable energy capacity and reducing carbon greenhouse gas emissions in recent years
emissions. through energy efficiency measures and
renewable energy investments.
2. Afforestation programs to increase forest cover
and sequester carbon. 2. Strong focus on sustainable transportation
infrastructure, including electric vehicles and
3. Strengthened climate resilience through early public transportation.
warning systems and disaster management
strategies. 3. Implementation of climate adaptation
measures in agriculture, water management,
and urban planning.
 • Life Below Water (SDG 14)
• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

1. Overfishing and depletion of marine 1. Landlocked country with no direct access to

resources. the sea, limiting its involvement in ocean
conservation efforts.
2. Water pollution from industrial and urban
activities. 2. Pollution from land-based sources affecting
freshwater bodies and rivers.
3. Rising sea levels and increased frequency of
natural disasters due to climate change. 3. Climate change impacting global ocean
health despite Switzerland's inland location.
4. Lack of effective waste management leading
to plastic pollution in the oceans.

• Initiatives: • Initiatives:

1. Ocean Cleanup campaigns to collect plastic 1. Focus on protecting freshwater bodies and
waste from beaches and water bodies. rivers through conservation programs.

2. Creation of Marine Protected Areas to 2. Research and innovation in water

conserve marine biodiversity. management and conservation technologies.

3. Implementation of sustainable fishing 3. Support for global initiatives on ocean

practices and regulations. conservation and sustainable development.

4. International collaborations to address 4. Promotion of sustainable consumption and

transboundary marine issues. production practices to reduce environmental
impact.

• Progress: • Progress:

1. Increased awareness and advocacy for marine 1. Advancements in freshwater

conservation efforts. conservation and quality management.

2. Expansion of Marine Protected Areas and 2. Research contributions to global ocean

conservation projects. health and sustainability.

3. Improvement in monitoring and reporting on 3. Engagement in international agreements

marine biodiversity. and partnerships for marine conservation.

4. Collaboration with international organizations 4. Adoption of sustainable practices in

to address marine pollution. industries to reduce environmental impact.
 • Life On Land (SDG 15)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Deforestation due to rapid urbanization and - Fragmentation of natural habitats due to

industrialization. infrastructure development.

- Soil erosion and land degradation caused by - Threats to biodiversity from invasive species
overpopulation and unsustainable agricultural and pollution.
practices.
- Climate change impacts leading to ecosystem
- Loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction due disruptions and loss of biodiversity.
to climate change impacts and natural disasters.

▪ Initiatives: • Initiatives:

Afforestation and reforestation programs to -Implementing strict land-use planning

combat deforestation and increase forest cover. regulations to protect natural habitats.

- Sustainable land management practices to - Promoting sustainable agriculture practices to

reduce soil erosion and land degradation. minimize the environmental impact on land.

- Conservation efforts to protect endangered - Investing in conservation projects and

species and preserve biodiversity. protected areas to maintain ecosystem health.

• Progress: • Progress:

- Increased afforestation programs have led to a - Sustainable land-use planning has helped to
rise in forest cover in recent years. preserve natural habitats and maintain
biodiversity.
- Progress in implementing sustainable land
management practices to reduce soil erosion and - Success in reducing pollution and managing
promote land conservation. invasive species to protect ecosystems.

- Efforts to protect endangered species and - Significant progress in implementing climate

biodiversity have shown some positive outcomes. change adaptation measures to safeguard land
and ecosystems.
 • Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

1. Political instability and frequent incidences of 1. Dealing with white-collar crimes and
violence. financial corruption due to its status as a
financial hub.
2. Weak rule of law and limited access to justice
for many citizens. 2. Balancing security measures with protecting
civil liberties and privacy rights.
3. High levels of corruption within political and
administrative systems. 3. Addressing the challenges posed by
cybercrimes and emerging forms of criminal
activities.

▪ Initiatives: • Initiatives:

1. Strengthening law enforcement agencies to 1. Strengthening anti-money laundering

improve security and address crime rates. regulations and enforcing strict measures
against financial crimes.
2. Implementation of legal reforms to enhance
access to justice for marginalized communities. 2. Investing in cybersecurity infrastructure and
expertise to tackle cybercrimes effectively.
3. Promoting anti-corruption measures through
increased transparency and accountability. 3. Supporting initiatives to enhance
transparency in political financing and lobbying
activities.

• Progress: • Progress:

1. Improvement in the legal framework with the 1. Maintaining a low crime rate and high level
enactment of new laws to combat corruption and of public safety compared to many other
ensure human rights protection. countries.

2. Increase in the conviction rate of criminal 2. Implementation of robust legal frameworks

cases, signaling enhanced law enforcement and institutions that uphold the rule of law and
capabilities. ensure justice for all.

3. Initiatives to increase public awareness about 3. Introduction of innovative technologies and

legal rights and mechanisms for seeking justice. practices to modernize the justice system and
improve efficiency.

- .
 • Partnership For Goals (SDG 17)

• BANGLADESH • SWITZERLAND

• Challenges: • Challenges:

- Limited financial resources and capacity for Balancing private sector interests with
implementing partnership projects. sustainable development goals.

- Poor infrastructure and institutional - Ensuring inclusivity in partnerships and

framework for promoting effective involving all stakeholders effectively.
partnerships.
- Managing the complexities of international
- Political instability and corruption, affecting partnerships and agreements.
the ability to build strong partnerships.

▪ Initiatives: • Initiatives:

- Engaging with international development Promoting multi-stakeholder partnerships

organizations like UNDP and World Bank for through platforms like the Global Compact
support. Network Switzerland.

- Encouraging public-private partnerships for - Supporting sustainable development

infrastructure development projects. initiatives through the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation.
- Collaborating with NGOs and civil society
organizations for community-based initiatives. - Encouraging innovative partnerships through
funding schemes and grants for projects.

• Progress: • Progress:

-Made progress in implementing some -Demonstrated leadership in global

partnership projects in sectors like healthcare and partnerships for climate action and sustainable
education. development.

- Signed agreements with neighboring countries - Engaged actively in international forums to

for regional development cooperation. advocate for partnership-based approaches.

- Increased awareness and involvement of local - Implemented successful public-private

communities in sustainable development projects. partnerships in areas like renewable energy and
sustainable finance.
 • SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Bangladesh and Switzerland with regard to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

• SIMILARITIES:
1. Both Bangladesh and Switzerland are committed to achieving the United Nations' 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
2. Both countries have established national strategies and action plans to align with the SDGs and track
progress towards these goals.
3. Both Bangladesh and Switzerland have emphasized the importance of collaboration and partnerships
among government, private sector, civil society, and international organizations to achieve the SDGs.
4. Both countries face challenges related to environmental sustainability, poverty reduction, and social
inequality, which are also key areas addressed by the SDGs.
5. Both Bangladesh and Switzerland have dedicated efforts to promoting gender equality, education,
and healthcare as part of their SDG initiatives.

• DIFFERENCES:
1. Bangladesh is a developing country with high population density and limited resources, facing
challenges such as extreme poverty, climate change, and natural disasters, while Switzerland is a
developed country with a strong economy and high living standards.
2. Bangladesh often relies on international aid and partnerships to support its sustainable development
initiatives, while Switzerland has greater financial resources and technical expertise to invest in its own
SDG projects.
3. The priorities and focus areas for SDG implementation differ between the two countries based on
their respective development needs and contexts. For example, Bangladesh may prioritize SDGs related
to poverty alleviation and food security, while Switzerland may prioritize goals related to innovation
and environmental conservation.
4. The levels of awareness, participation, and implementation of the SDGs may vary between
Bangladesh and Switzerland due to differences in governance structures, public policies, and civil
society engagement.
5. The indicators and progress tracking mechanisms used to monitor SDG achievements may differ
between Bangladesh and Switzerland based on their respective data collection capabilities and
monitoring systems.
 • FINAL VERDICT

The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of global
goals established in 2015 to address social, economic, and environmental
challenges. Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, has made significant
progress in addressing these challenges through the integration of the SDGs .

Bangladesh has made significant strides in poverty reduction, gender

equality, and climate action, with the poverty rate declining from 44.2% in
1991 to 24.3% in 2016. However, challenges remain in addressing high levels of
inequality. The country has also made significant progress in promoting women's
empowerment and enhancing their participation in all spheres of life, with gender
parity in primary and secondary education and women now occupying a
significant proportion of seats in parliament and other decision-making positions.

Climate action is another important area of focus for Bangladesh, as the country
is particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, such as sea-
level rise, cyclones, and floods. The government has implemented various
adaptation and mitigation strategies, such as promoting renewable energy,
protecting ecosystems, and improving disaster preparedness.

Switzerland, a high-income country in Europe, faces different but no less

important challenges in achieving the SDGs. The country has embraced the
SDGs as a framework for sustainable development and integrated them into its
national policies and strategies. One of the key priorities for Switzerland in
relation to the SDGs is reducing income inequality and promoting social
inclusion. Despite its wealth and high standard of living, Switzerland faces
disparities in income distribution and access to opportunities among its
population.

In terms of environmental sustainability, Switzerland has been a global leader in

promoting green technology, renewable energy, and sustainable practices. The
country has set ambitious targets for reducing carbon emissions, increasing
energy efficiency, and promoting nature conservation. Switzerland also places a
high priority on ensuring the well-being and health of its population, which is
reflected in its comprehensive healthcare system and social welfare programs.

Bangladesh and Switzerland, despite differing economic and social challenges,

share a common commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and promoting sustainable development.
 • References
[Link]

[Link]
2030-strategies-sdg-success-bangladesh

[Link]
2030-strategies-sdg-success-bangladesh

[Link]

[Link]
ates/switzerland

[Link]
the-pacific/south-asia/bangladesh/