Science Education Manila Science High School

- Focuses on teaching, learning and - Established on October 1, 1963 as

understanding science. the Manila Science High School
(MSHS).
Dewey (2001) - First science HS in the Philippines
- Nature must indeed furnish its - Aims to produce scientists with souls
physical stimuli to provide wealth of - Administers an entrance exam;
meaning through social activities Manila Science HS Admission Test
and thinking. (MSAT)

Marx (1994) Central Visayan Institute Foundation

- Science is going to be one of the - Home and pioneer of the prominent
most important school subjects in school-based innovation known as
the future. the Dynamic Learning Program
(DLP)
Philippine Science High School System - Is a synthesis of classical
(PSHSS) and modern pedagogical
- A government program for gifted theories adapted to foster the
students in the Philippines. highest level of learning.
- Service institute of the Department - Takes pride in its Research Center
of Science and Technology (DOST) for Theoretical Physics (RCTP) in
whose mandate is to offer free 1992
scholarship basis for secondary
course. (RA No. 3661) INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Special Science Elementary Schools
(SSES) project Indigenous Knowledge
- In pursuance to DepEd Order No. - Is embedded in the daily life
73s. 2008 and No. 51s 2010 experience of young children as they
- Started in june 2007 with 57 grow up.
identified elementary schools
- Aims to develop filipino children Some examples of indigenous knowledge
equipped with scientific knowledge that are taught and practiced by the IP:
and technical skills.
- Provide a learning environment to - Predicting weather conditions and
science-inclined students. seasons using knowledge in
observing animals
Quezon City Regional Science High School - Using herbal medicine
- Established on september 17, 1967 - Preserving foods
- Originally named Quezon City - Classifying plants and animals into
Science HS families and groups
- A product of a dream to establish a - Preserving and selecting good
special science school for talented seeds for planting
students. - Using indigenous tech in daily life
 - Building local irrigation systems Sibisi (2004)
- Classifying different types of soil for - I.S provides the basics of astronomy,
planting based on cultural property pharmacology, food technology, or
- Keeping the custom of growing metallurgy.
vegetables and plants in the yard.
Pawilen (2006)
Indigenous Science - Developed a framework for
- Is part of the Indigenous Knowledge understanding I.S
system practiced by diff. Groups of - I.S is composed of traditional
people in early civilizations. knowledge that uses science
process skills and guided by
Cajete (2004) community values and culture
- Indigenous science includes
everything, from metaphysics to Indigenous science is guided by culture and
philosophy and various practical community values such as the ff:
technologies practiced by IPs both - The land is a source of life. It is a
past and present. precious gift
- The earth is revered as “Mother
Iaccarino (2003) Earth.” it is the origin of the identity
- Elaborated this idea by explaining as people
that science is a part of culture, and - All living things and nonliving things
how science is done largely depends are interconnected and
on the cultural practices of the interdependent with each other
people. - Human beings are stewards or
trustee of the land and other natural
Johnston (2000) resources.
- Motivating attitudes - Nature is a friend to human beings
- Cooperating attitudes — it needs respect and proper care.
- Practical attitudes
- Reflective attitudes UNESCO’s declaration of science and the
use of Scientific Knowledge (1999)
Pawillen (2005) - Recognized I.S as a historical and
- Explained that I.S knowledge has valuable contribution to science and
developed diverse structures and technology.
contents throughout the interplay
between the society and
environment.

Kuhn (1962)
- Developmental stages of most
sciences are characterised by
continual competition between a
number of distinct views of cnature.
HUMAN FLOURISHING Science as Method and Results

Eudaimonia In school, the specific method is introduced

- Good spirit in the earlier part of discussion. Even
- A term coined by Aristotle though the number of step varies, it
- To describe the pinnacle of presents a general idea of how to do
happiness that is attainable by science:
humans

*Our concept of human flourishing today

proves to be different from what Aristotle
originally perceived then — humans of
today are expected to become a “man of the
world.”

The Chinese and The Japanese

- Encourages studies of literature,
science, and art, not entirely for
oneself but in service of a greater
cause.

The Greek Aristotelian View

- Aims for eudaimonia as the ultimate
good; there is no indication
whatsoever that Aristotle entailed it
instrumental to achieve some other
goals.

Verification Theory
- Earliest criterion that distinguishes
philosophy and science.
- Proposed that a discipline is science
if it can be confirmed or interpreted
in the event of an alternative
hypothesis being accepted.
- Gives premium to empiricism and
only takes into account those result
which are measurable.
Vienna Circle - Paul Thagard
- A group of scholars who believe that - Imre Lakatos
only those which can be observed - Helen Longino
should be regarded as meaningful - David Bloor
and reject those which cannot. - Richard Rorty

Einstein’s Theory
- On the existence of gravitational
waves would, be dismissed due to
lack of evidence.

Thomas Kuhn
- Warned us against bridging the gap
between evidence and theory by
attempting to interpret the former
according to our own biases.

Falsification Theory
- Asserts that as long as an idealogy
is not proven to be false and can
best explain a phenomenon over
alternative theories, we should
accept the ideology.

Karl Popper
- Known proponent of this view
- Was notorious for stating that
up-and-coming theories of that time,
such as Marx’s Theory of Social
History and Freud’s Pyschoanalysis
are not testable.

*majority of scientists nowadays are more

inclined to be Popperian in their beliefs, this
theory, similar to the theory above, presents
certain danger by interpreting an otherwise
independent evidence in light of their pet
theory.

SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR

Philosophers that presented an alternative

demarcation that explores the social
dimension of science: