SESSION -2024-25
PHYSICS PROJECT FILE
Topic – Capacitors
Submitted by- Gyanwant singh
Submitted to- Mr. Dev chaki
Class- XII Sec- B
Roll no-
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report
submitted by Aditya Rai on the topic
“Capacitor” in the department of physics,
Central Academy, Indra Nagar, Lucknow. In
accordance to the specifications prescribed
by the CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDRY
EDUCATION.
Mr. Dev Chaki Mr. D.P. Singh
Project Co-ordinator Principal
Dept Of Physics Central Acedemy
Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project
successfully many people have bestowed
upon me their blessings and heart pledged
support, this time I am utilizing to thank
you all the people who helped me around
in this project.
I would like to thank our respected
principal sir Mr. D.P Singh and our
honourable physics teacher Mr. Dev Chaki
for giving all of us. The opportunity and for
their valuable guidance that helped me in
various phase of the completion of this
project.
Class- XII B
Aditya Rai
Introduction
A capacitor is a passive electrical component that
stores energy in an electric field. It is composed
of two conductive plates separated by an
insulating material called a dielectric. Capacitors
are widely used in electronic circuits for various
purposes, such as filtering, buffering, and energy
storage. Capacitors store energy by holding apart
pairs of opposite charges.
The simplest design for a
capacitor is a parallel
plate, which consists of
two metal plates with a
gap between them. But,
different types of
capacitors are manufactured in many forms,
styles, lengths, girths, and materials.
Construction
- *Internal Structure*: A diagram or photo
showing the internal structure of a capacitor,
highlighting the conductive plates and dielectric
material.
- *Various Dielectric Materials*: Photos of
different dielectric materials used in capacitors
(air, paper, plastic, etc.).
Characteristics
- *Graph of Capacitance vs. Voltage*: A graph
illustrating the linear relationship between charge
(Q) and voltage (V).
- *Voltage Rating Label*: A close-up photo of a
capacitor's voltage rating to show what to look
for.
The Working Voltage is another important
capacitor characteristic that defines the maximum
continuous voltage either DC or AC that can be
applied to the capacitor without failure during its
working life. Generally, the working voltage
printed onto the side of a capacitors body refers to
its DC working voltage, (WVDC).
DC and AC voltage values are usually not the
same for a capacitor as the AC voltage value
refers to the r.m.s. value and NOT the maximum
or peak value which is 1.414 times greater. Also,
the specified DC working voltage is valid within
a certain temperature range, normally -30°C to
+70°C.
Types of capacitor
- Ceramic Capacitor*: Photo of a typical ceramic
capacitor.
- *Electrolytic Capacitor*: Image of an
electrolytic capacitor, highlighting its cylindrical
shape and polarity markings.
- *Film Capacitor*: A picture of a film capacitor,
often rectangular or box-shaped.
- *Tantalum Capacitor*: Image of a tantalum
capacitor, often smaller and with specific
markings.
- *Supercapacitor*: Photo of a supercapacitor,
showing its larger size and different construction
compared to standard capacitors.
Applications of Capacitors
- *Energy Storage Application*: Photo of a
camera flash or UPS system, illustrating the use
of capacitors in energy storage.
- *Filtering Application*: Diagram of a power
supply circuit with capacitors for filtering.
- *Timing Circuit*: A simple RC (resistor-
capacitor) timing circuit diagram.
- *Coupling/Decoupling*: Diagram showing
capacitors used in an amplifier circuit for
coupling and decoupling signals.
- *Tuning Circuits*: Photo of a radio tuner circuit
using variable capacitors for frequency tuning.
