● Colo- colon

● Phlebo- vein
● hemat - blood
● Areo- air
● a-/an- - without, absence
● Hyper- increased/ above
● Pre - before
● Megaly- enlargement
● Uria- urine
● Emia- blood
● Ostomy- to make an opening or mouth
● MRI- magnetic resonance imaging
● LDL- low density lipoprotein
● LFT- liver function test
● UTI- urinary tract infection
● TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone
● ELISA- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
● Hippocrates - father of medicine, four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
-advocated the tasting of urine, listening to the lungs
 -appearance of bubbles, blood and pus indicate kidney disease and chronic illnesses
● Galen - described diabetes as “diarrhea of urine”
● Uroscopy- water casting, meieval europe
● 900AD- first book detailing the characteristics of urine was written
● Early 11th century- medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical
examination of the px’s body
● 18th century- medical techniques and cadaver dissection were used to provide a more
objective and accurate diagnosis and to understand the insides of the body
● 19th century- physicians began using machines for diagnosis or therapeutics
● John hutchinson- spirometer, measure the vital capacity of the lungs
● Jules herisson- sphygmomanometer, measure blood pressure
● Stethoscope- rene laennec, first diagnostic breakthrough 1816
-used to acquire info about lungs and heartbeats
● Microscope- antonie van leeuwenhoek 1840
● Ophthalmoscope- hermann von helmholz 1850
-first visual technology
● Laryngoscope- manuel garcia 1855
-observe throat and larynx
● Xray- wilhelm roentegen discovered by accident 1859\
● University of pennsylvania’s william pepper laboratory of clinical medicine- 1895
was opened
● John kolmer- 1918 called the development of a method that would certify medical
technologists on a nation scale
-published the demand for and training of laboratory technicians: first formal training
course in medical technology
● 1918- state legislature of pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and
institutions to have a fully-equipped laboratory fit for routine testing and to employ a
full-time laboratory technician
● 1922- american society for clinical pathology was founded
-established the code of ethics for technicians and technologists
-formerly the american society for medical technologists
● Hospital real in cebu- first hospital the spaniards established in 1565
-moved to mnl to cater military pxs
● San lazaro hospital- 1578 by the franciscans for poor spaniards
● Hospital de san juan- cavite 1641
● University of santo tomas- founded by the dominicans in 1611, which in 1871
established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine
● Laboratorio municipal de manila- by the spanish in 1887 for laboratory examinations
for food, water, and clinical samples
● Americans- after philippine-american war 1899-1902 established public health
institutions modeled after military healthcare systems
● 3d medical laboratory- june 18,1942
-first laboratory unit to be assigned in the south west pacific area
● Section 2 of R.A 5527- MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1969, defines the practice of
medical technology
● Roles and responsibilities of medical technology professionals
1. Perform clinical laboratory testing
2. Perform special procedures
3. Ensure accuracy and precision of results
4. Be honest in practice
5. Ensure timely delivery of results
6. Demonstrate professionalism
7. Uphold confidentiality
8. Collaborate w other healthcare professionals
9. Conduct research
10. Involvement in health promotion programs
● Pathologist- RA 5527: a duly registered physician who is specially trained in methods of
laboratory medicine, or the gross and microscopic study and interpretation of tissues,
secretions and excretions of the human body and its functions in order to diagnose
disease, follow its course, determine the effectivity of treatment, ascertain cause of
death, and advance medicine by means of research
-considered to head a clinical laboratory and monitor all laboratory results
● Medical laboratory technicians- certified by and registered with board of medical
technology
-qualified to assist medical technologist and/or medical pathologist
-failed to pass the medical technology licensure exam given by board of medical
technology but obtained a general rating of 70%
-finished a 2 year course 1 year experience of working as a medical laboratory
technician
● Phlebotomist- draw blood for lab tests or blood donations
-arterial collection: specially trained phlebotomist
● Cytotechnologist- works with pathologist, detect changes in body cells
-examining microscopic slides of body cells
-selects and sections minute particles of human tissue for microscopic study
● Histotechnologist- histotechnician, responsible for routine preparation, processing, and
staining of biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by a pathologist
● Nuclear medical technologist- works alongside nuclear physicians
-radiation physics and safety regulations to limit radiation exposure, prepare and
administer radiopharmaceuticals
● Toxicologist- studies the effects of toxic substances on the physiological functions of
human beings, animals, and plants to develop data for use in consumer protection and
industrial safety programs.
● Ethical relativism- moral relativism, morality is relative to the norms of a particular
culture
-some cultures may accept certain acts and behaviors that are unacceptable to other
cultures
-acknowledges social diversity
● Ethical utilitarianism- founded by two english philosophers: jeremy bentham and john
stuart mill
-rightness and wrongness of actions is based on the consequences
● Abortion- considered illegal in the ph, article II, section 12 of the 1987 philippine
constitution
● Euthanasia- mercy killing
-practice of ending a life intentionally
-situations when one is terminally ill
-herbert hendin: process of inducing the painless death of a person
-voluntary: the individual gives consent
-non-voluntary: conducted when the permission of the px to perform the process is
unavailable
-ethical issue
● Genetical engineering- humans are seen to be acting as their own gods bcs of the
procedures that enable them to manipulate the genetic make-up of organisms
● Genetic screening- main purpose: screen, chose, and select the genes for proper
detection of any genetic disease
● Genetic interventions- genetic control, therapy, and surgery
● Stem-cell therapy- make use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases
● In vitro fertilization IVF- laboratory fertilization
-deviation from natural process of fertilization
● Professional ethics- morally accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace