CONJUNCTIONS 2.

Liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjunctions) nối mệnh đề phụ

(subordinate clause) với mệnh đề chính (main clause): after, before,
(Liên từ) since, when, whenever, while, until, till, as, where, wherever, because, so
Liên từ (conjunction) là từ được dùng để nối các từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề
that, in order that, although, though, even though, even if, if, unless, in
hoặc câu. Có hai loại liên từ:
case, provided / providing that, supposed/ supposing that, as if, as
1. Liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunctions) nối từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh
though, that.
đề độc lập có cùng chức năng ngữ pháp: and (và), but (nhưng), or (hoặc là),
(Xem phần Adverb clauses, That clauses và Conditional Sentences)
nor (cũng không), so (vì vậy), yet (tuy nhiên), for (vì)
Ex: I’ll phone you when I arrive. (Khi đến nơi tôi sẽ gọi cho anh.)
Ex: Tom and Mary are my friends. (Tom và Mary là bạn cùa tôi.)
He told me that he loved me. (Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy yêu tôi.)
James likes tea, but Mary likes coffee.
(James thích trà nhưng Mary thích cà phê.) MULTIPLE CHOICE
Is the baby male or female? (Đứa bé là con trai hay con gái?) Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.
He cannot see, nor can he hear. 1. Bill wants to enter Oxford University ________ he has some trouble meeting
(Anh ấy không thấy, cũng không thể nghe.) the academic requirements.
There is no food left, so I have to go shopping. A. and B. but C. as D. so
(Không còn thức ăn nên tôi phải đi mua.) 2. John usually spent his summer studying basic math, writing, ________
The new method is simple, yet effective. reading comprehension.
(Phương pháp mới đơn giản mà hiệu quả.) A. nor B. but C. as D. and
I told her to leave, for I was very tired. 3.I do not like football, ________ my brother can play football very well.
(Tôi bảo cô ta đi nơi khác vì tôi rất mệt.) A. as B. and C. while D. or
Liên từ tương quan (correlative conjunctions): both ... and (cả ... và), not [Link] is hard to say whether Hemingway ________ Fitzgerald is the more
only . . . but also (không những ... mà còn), either ... or (hoặc ... hoặc), interesting cultural icon of his day.
neither... nor (không... cũng không), whether... or (có ... hay) A. or B. and C. not D. but
Ex: Both Tom and John are my best friends. [Link] is a rich city, ________ suffers from many symptoms of urban blight.
(Cả Tom và John đều là bạn thân của tôi.) A. yet B. however C. so D. and
He can not only play the piano but also sing well. [Link] need to work harder; ________, you’ll get fired.
(Anh ấy không những biết chơi đàn dương cầm mà còn hát rất hay.) A. otherwise B. moreover C. instead D. however
Either you or I will come to help him. [Link] were not enough beds ________ I had to sleep on the floor.
A. while B. nor C. but D. so
(Hoặc bạn hoặc tôi sẽ đến giúp anh ấy.)
[Link] can study hard for this exam ________ you can fail,
Peter neither spoke nor did anything.
A. however B. yet C. and D. or
(Peter không nói cũng không làm gì cả.) [Link] is a very weak president; ________, most people support him.
I have not decided whether to travel aboard or buy a new car. A. otherwise B. therefore C. nevertheless D. but
(Tôi chưa quyết định là đi du lịch nước ngoài hay mua xe hơi mới.) [Link] was no alcohol in the flat, ________ any tobacco.
- Một số trạng từ (conjunctive adverbs) được dùng như một từ nối để nối A. or B. nor C. but D. and
hai mệnh đề hoặc câu độc lập: hence (do đó), however (tuy nhiên), [Link] is a useful rule, ________ difficult to remember.
furthermore (hơn nữa), moreover (hơn nữa), therefore (vì vậy), A. so B. but C. and D. or
nevertheless (tuy nhiên), meanwhile (trong khi đó), otherwise (nếu không [Link] first two services are free, ________ the third costs £35.00.
thì), consequently (vì vậy, cho nên) A. while B. when C. since D. as
Ex: I had better write it down, otherwise I will forget it. 13. ________ knowledge can be acquired from books, skills must be learned
(Tôi nên ghi chép lại, nếu không tôi sẽ quên.) through practice.
The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it is inaccurate. A. Since B. And C. But D. Whereas
(Toàn bộ bản báo cáo được viết rất tệ. Hơn nữa lại không chính xác.) [Link] could not speak, ________ could she understand anything we said.
A. when B. as C. or D. nor
[Link] not only works hard ________ has a good relationship with all her 34. My sister broke her leg in two places ________, she had to wear a cast and
workmates. use crutches for three months
A. since B. as C. but also D. so A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. For that D. Moreover
[Link] you win this race lose it doesn’t matter as long as you do your best. 35. I do not know ________ everybody will approve of my suggestions or not.
A. nor B. but C. or D. and A. only if B. when C. if D. whether
[Link] were sitting, ________ I remember, in a riverside restaurant. 36. The visitors complained about the heat, ________ they continued to play
A. whereas B. as C. and D. yet golf.
[Link] wanted to go to the beach; ________, it started to rain and we stayed at A. yet B. and C. because D. since
home. 37. The lecture was very boring ________ I had left the hall before it finished.
A. however B. moreover C. yet D. consequently A. because B. but C. so D. so that
[Link] my asking, ________ you’re not very happy, are you? 38. Either my friend ________ I am going to help you with the work.
A. but B. and C. so D. as A. and B. or C. nor D. yet
[Link] your clothes ________ you want. 39. Let’s ask our teacher how to solve this problem ________ we can’t agree on
A. but B. so C. and D. however the answer.
[Link] have become much more complicated ________, mechanics need A. so B. though C. for D. since
more training than in the past. 40. John thought he had a good chance to get the job, ________ his father was
A. Therefore B. So that C. Because D. For the manager’s friend.
[Link] did not slow down ________ drove even faster. A. since B. though C. as D. for
A. nor B. and C. but D. because 41. Do it ________ you want.
[Link]’ salaries have risen substantially, ________ nurses’ pay actually has A. however B. so C. so that D. for
not. 42. The country is famous for the beauty of its landscape ________ the
A. or B. so C. and D. whereas hospitality of its people.
24.I have not been asked to resign, ________ do I intend to do so. A. thus B. sine C. otherwise D. and
A. or B. nor C. as D. since 43. Did you go out ______ stay at home?
[Link] was wearing glasses ________ no one could see his face clearly. A. and B. or C. as D. so that
A. and B. so as C. but also D. so that 44. They tried hard ______ did not succeed.
[Link] was snow everywhere, ________ the shape of things was difficult to A. but B. so C. while D. whereas
identify. 45. They got lost ________ they forgot to take the map with them.
A. so B. however C. as D. or A. when B. and C. because D. or
27. I couldn’t use the pay phone, ________ I didn’t have any coins with me. 46. I did not see it, ________ did they.
A. yet B. despite C. for D. even though A. and B. nor C. so D. but
28. I have earned my own living ________ I was seven, doing all kinds of jobs. 47.________ we miss the last bus, we will walk home.
A. whereas B. while C. since D. whenever A. Wherever B. When C. As if D. If
29. My present job is badly paid ________ I think I will look for another better 48. He kept reading ________ he fell asleep.
one. A. until B. as C. for D. and
A. or B. so C. nor D. however [Link] police searched the region carefully ________ they found nothing.
30. Write the answers down ________ you do not forget them. A. whereas B. nor C. but D. as if
A. than B. as C. if D. so that [Link] open the window ________ fresh air could blow into the room.
31. ________ he was the most prominent candidate, he was not chosen. A. for B. so that C. not only D. because
A. Though B. Because C. As D. Since
32. Neither Mrs. Rose ________ Mrs. Wood was available for conference
yesterday.
A. nor B. or C. but D. so
33. We do not know ________ he will come.
A. than B. but C. when D. whereas