W

ind
ow

1
on
th
ew
or
ld
Discuss:
• What do you think the
phrase Window on the world
means?
• How can you learn about the world
and expand your understanding of it?
• Why do you think it is important
to learn about other cultures?
• What aspects of culture can
you think of?
• What do you think the
most important one is?

In this module you will...

• discuss issues related to different aspects of culture
• learn adjectives deriving from verbs and nouns, and how to
distinguish between easily confused words
• learn to distinguish between permanent and temporary situations
• describe festivals and different aspects of culture
• learn to make speculations, express your opinion and come to a
decision
• learn to write an informal email (describing a cultural event)
• learn to write a newspaper article (describing a cultural event)
7

8/5/2020 9:48:31 πµ
1a Reading
A. Discuss in pairs/groups.
• How can you experience culture when visiting a place?
• Do you think you can truly understand a place and its
people by visiting the tourist attractions? Why? / Why not?
B. Read the text quickly and decide which of the following
titles is the most suitable.
a. How to have an authentic travel experience
b. The most authentic travel experience Doha, Qatar
c. Why a travel writer has to have authentic travel experiences
1 My name is Anthony Coleman and I am a travel writer for the magazine The Four Corners of the Earth.
My job requires me to share ‘authentic’ travel experiences with my readers. When I first started writing, I took
part in activities which gave me the opportunity to ‘study’ the locals and understand their culture. My goal
was to immerse myself in international cultural experiences. Therefore, I rushed from the Sapporo Snow
Festival in Hokkaido, Japan to the Running of the Bulls festival in Pamplona, Spain. I enjoyed riding South
American llamas up rocky hillsides, staying in luxurious bungalows above Bora Bora’s turquoise lagoons and
taking part in expensive Japanese tea ceremonies served by women wearing beautiful kimonos.

2 These experiences felt ‘authentic’ until my editor called to complain. ‘You write well but you’re not
capturing the real mood of the places you visit,’ he said. ‘Don’t search for traditional stereotypes. Start
10 writing about places and people as they really are, rather than what you think they should be like,’ he
added. My editor is rarely wrong, so I took his advice. It took me some time to get used to looking elsewhere
for cultural experiences, but it was worth it. These days, I avoid tourist traps where tourists pay good
money to get a taste of traditional customs that are recreated for their benefit. It’s common to find tourists
eating Westernised versions of a country’s local delicacies at some luxurious resort. Where is the authenticity?

15 3 I realised that the more you look for authenticity, the less likely you are to find it. The more you pay to see
it, the further away you get from it. An authentic travel experience hides in simple, everyday moments. It takes
you through busy Istiklal Street as you become one with the lively crowd of Istanbul. It runs with the local
Omani children as they enjoy the monsoon pouring down on Salalah. It bursts out of the Souq Al-Mubarakiya
in Kuwait as a group of noisy teenagers wander the stalls eating their lamb kebabs. Meanwhile an elderly
20 man sips his traditional yoghurt drink, laban, on a porch across the road. Soon you are sitting with him and
tasting laban yourself for the first time before taking a selfie to post on Instagram. You know you are having
an authentic moment because it feels meaningful.

4 You can only appreciate these authentic moments when you leave your comfort zone. Instead of
staying at a luxurious resort, choose a student dormitory or a home stay where the facilities may leave a lot
25 to be desired, but where you can experience life on the inside and learn the language. Avoid tourist bubbles
such as air-conditioned sightseeing coaches, and squeeze onto the brightly coloured ‘Chicken Buses’ of
Central America that take you from village to village.

5 Many of us have a checklist when we travel. Naturally, we want to see

and do as much as possible when in a foreign country. Nevertheless,
30 sometimes it’s worth being spontaneous and throwing away the
checklist to do something out of the ordinary. Authentic experiences
and real conversations don’t cost a penny and they help us understand
other cultures as well as our own. This is why, tomorrow, I am seeing a
local Qatari family. Hopefully, they will teach me how to make machboos,
35 a delicious Qatari dish! I’m looking forward to gaining some insight
into this culture, which is rich in traditions. What better souvenir to bring
home with me! Ice sculpture off a mosque at the Sapporo
S
Snow Festival, Hokkaido,, Japan
8

6/5/2020 10:53:03 πµ
C. Read the text again and answer the questions. E. Look at the highlighted words in
Choose a, b, c or d. the text and match them with their
1. What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? meanings. There is one extra meaning
a. to emphasise how good he is at his job which you do not need to use. Then
b. to explain how tiring being a travel writer can be check your answers using a dictionary.
c. to point out what qualifications a travel writer must
have
1. immerse b
d. to explain what he used to believe an authentic travel 2. recreated d
experience involved 3. authenticity g
2. Why did the editor disapprove of the writer’s choices? 4. dormitory c
a. He described stereotypes rather than reality. 5. spontaneous e
b. He was making the places sound too beautiful. 6. insight a
c. His style of travel writing wasn’t what it should be. a. a clear understanding
d. He was paying too much money for his experiences. b. to become completely involved in sth
3. What are ‘tourist traps’ (line 12)? c. a large common bedroom where several
a. places where tourists can buy cultural items people sleep
b. places that offer culture from around the world d. made to exist or happen again (usually
c. places of cultural interest, such as museums and sth from the past)
ancient sites e. doing things without planning them first
d. places where cultural activities are reproduced f. to fully appreciate sth
for tourists at a cost g. the quality of being real or true
4. According to the writer, which of the following
IS NOT an ‘authentic’ moment? F. Discuss in pairs/groups.
a. travelling on a village bus • What are some customs which distinguish
b. hanging out at places with local teenagers Qatar from other countries?
c. joining crowds at famous tourist attractions • How can we best connect with our Qatari
d. taking a selfie with an elderly Kuwaiti who heritage?
offered you a drink
• Is there a specific country that you would
5. In the fourth paragraph, what is the writer’s main point? like to visit because of its history and
a. Knowing the local language is very important. culture? Which one? Why?
b. Buses are a good place to start experiencing culture.
c. Living like a local helps you become aware of the
culture.
Istanbul, Turkey
d. To experience culture you need to leave
the comfort of your home.
6. What does the writer believe is the best
souvenir?
a. memories of sightseeing
b. food from the particular country
c. the experiences which cultural
encounters offer
d. staying in touch with people
in foreign countries

D. Provide a written response

to the following questions in your
own words. Use information from
the text to support your answers.
1. How has the writer’s attitude/
approach to travel and travel writing
changed?
2. In what way does having a checklist
when we travel make it harder to
have authentic experiences?

8/5/2020 11:33:26 πµ
1a Vocabulary
A. Complete the sentences with the B. Read the note and complete the table.
correct form of the words in the boxes.
Many adjectives are formed by adding a suffix
In some cases, more than one answer
to a verb or noun. The most common adjective
may be correct. Then check your
suffixes are: –able, –ible, –al, –ant, –ent, –ary,
answers using a dictionary.
–ive, –ative, –ed, –ing, –ful, –ous, –y, –ly.
original authentic initial primary
1. My boss’s Initial reaction was VERB/NOUN ADJECTIVE
to yell, but once he calmed down he discussed decide-decision decisive
the issue with me. meaning meaningful
2. The safety of the children is the school’s memory memorable

primary concern.
tradition traditional
price pricey
3. That’s not a very original idea.
ambition ambitious
Let’s try to think of something else.
sense sensible
4. To taste authentic Italian food, you differ different
should go to the little restaurant that’s near the
appeal appealing
town hall. observe observant
custom tradition habit trend routine week weekly
5. Going to school is a daily routine overwhelm overwhelmed/
for children. overwhelming

6. The general trend for women C. Complete the sentences using the correct form
in my country today is to have long hair. of the words in capitals.
7. We always go to the parade on Qatari National 1. Peter’s colleagues were envious
Day. It’s a family tradition . of his success. ENVY
8. I think that biting your nails is a disgusting 2. This advertisement is very effective .
habit . Everyone is asking about the product. EFFECT
9. In many countries it is the custom 3. Everyone likes being around Alice
for the father of the bride to escort her to the because she has such a pleasant
wedding ceremony. personality. PLEASE
4. Thank you for the flowers. It was
foreigner tourist stranger immigrant very thoughtful of you. THOUGHT
10. A man started talking to me on the bus, saying 5. I have saved aconsiderable amount
that we had met before, but to me he was a of money already for the motorbike
complete stranger . I want to buy. CONSIDER
11. May’s parents are immigrants from 6. Charles Dickens was a
China, and they have decided to settle in Rome. distinguished English author. DISTINGUISH
12. More than 3 million tourists visit 7. The lecture was both informative
the island every year. and interesting. You should have come. INFORM
8. All the events described in the book
13. You can tell that she’s a(n) foreigner are imaginary . IMAGINE
from her accent.

Qatar National Day

10

6/5/2020 10:53:05 πµ
Grammar Present Simple vs Present Progressive, Stative verbs Ü p. 90
A. Match the sentences 1-8 with some uses of the Present Simple and the Present Progressive.
Some uses of the Present Simple and Present Progressive
1. You are constantly making a mess in a. for general truths 2
the kitchen!
b. for actions happening at the time of speaking
2. The sun sets in the west. 5
c. for future actions related to official programmes and
3. The goalkeeper kicks the ball to
timetables
8
Ronalds.
4. Oh, no! There goes our bus!
d. in sports commentaries 3
5. I can’t talk right now; I’m driving. e. for situations which are changing or developing around
6. In this week’s episode, Detective the present time 7
Anders finds another important clue. f. to refer to the plot of a book, film, etc. 6
7. Fortunately, recycling is becoming g. in exclamatory sentences with Off.../ Here.../ There..., etc. 4
more and more popular nowadays. h. with always, constantly and continually to express
8. The train from London arrives at 9.15. annoyance 1

B. Read the sentences below and answer the questions.

a. Does the verb feel have the same meaning in
1. She is feeling the baby’s forehead to check
both sentences?No, it doesn’t
for fever. 2expresses a state and1expresses an action.
b. In which sentence does the verb feel express a
2. The baby’s skin feels very soft.
state and in which does it express and action?
C. Read the rule below and the red grammar box that follows. Then look at paragraphs 3 and 5 of the
reading text on page 8 and identify the stative verbs. Put the verbs into the correct groups below.
The following groups of verbs express states – not actions – and are not normally used in progressive tenses:
taste (par. 3), feel (par. 3), see (par. 5)
- verbs of the senses (hear, smell, , , , etc.)
enjoy (par. 3), want (par. 5)
- verbs of emotions and preferences (like, hate, prefer, mind, wish, need, , , etc.)
- verbs of perception, belief and knowledge (believe, remember, agree, hope, forget, know (par. 3) , etc.)
- verbs of ownership (own, belong, possess, have (par. 3 & 5) , etc.)
- other verbs which describe permanent states (be, weigh, consist (of), cost (par. 5) , etc.)

Some stative verbs (have, see, taste, etc.) are used in progressive tenses when they express actions rather
than states.
This soup smells delicious. She is smelling the milk to see if it has turned sour.

D. Complete the dialogue with the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets.
A: Hey, Kevin. What 1 are you doing (you / do)? The cricket 2 starts (start) in fifteen minutes.
B: I can’t watch it right now. I 3 am reading (read) about mangoes. Edi and I 4 are taking
(take part) in a quiz at the International Mango Festival. His father 5 owns (own) a huge mango
farm and they 6always participate(always / participate).
A: But the festival 7takes place (take place) in July. You still have a whole month.
B: I 8 know (know) that. But there are over 400 varieties of mango, so I have a lot to learn. What’s
more, I 9 am thinking (think) of participating in the mango carving demonstration, too.
A: What? You 10don't know (not know) anything about mango carving.
B: Edi’s uncle 11 is teaching (teach) us this weekend.
A: I 12 don't think (not think) one weekend is enough, Kevin!
B: There you 13 go (go) again! You 14 are always making (always / make) fun of my ideas!
A: Come on. I 15 do not want (not want) to upset you. I 16 think (think)
it’s great that more and more teenagers 17 are getting (get) involved in the festival! It just
18 seems (seem) to me that you 19 are taking (take) it a bit too seriously.
E. Turn to page 81 in the Speaking Activities section and do the Grammar Production Task.
11

8/5/2020 9:49:41 πµ
1a

Listening
A. Discuss in pairs/groups.
• Look at the picture. What do you
think the term ‘culture shock’ refers to?

B. You will hear a radio interview.

Look at the key features 1-5 listed below
and tick (4) those that apply.
1. It provides an introduction of the
interviewee.
2. It is based primarily on the interviewee’s
personal experiences.
3. It provides useful information and advice.
4. It includes a set of questions by the
radio host.
5. It shows that the radio host is an expert
on the topic.

C. The chart below shows the four phases of culture shock. Listen to the interview again and
complete the chart by either filling in the duration of the phase or circling the feeling experienced.

HONEYMOON PHASE FRUSTRATION PHASE ADJUSTMENT PHASE ACCEPTANCE PHASE

duration: 0 to duration: duration: 6 to 12 duration: more than
3 to 6 months
3months months 12 months / a year
feeling: lonely / feeling: homesick / feeling: positive / feeling: annoyed /
fascinated confident negative confident

D. Listen to part of the interview again. What does the interviewee mean by ‘find their feet’?
Write a word, phrase or sentence on the line below explaining the meaning.

to get used to a situation, to become accustomed to a

situation, to feel more confident in a situation
E. Discuss in pairs/groups.
• Which of the following aspects of a culture might foreigners find the most challenging to get used to and why?

language food climate values dress/clothing customs/traditions etiquette/behaviour

• What advice would you give a foreigner who has come to live in your town/country so that they can feel more
at home?

Speaking
Work in pairs. Turn to page 82 in the Speaking Activities section and do activity 1a.

12

6/5/2020 10:53:13 πµ
Writing An informal email
A. Read the email quickly and
answer the questions below.
Mia is writing the email to Annabel.To: [email protected]
1. Who is writing the email and to whom? From: [email protected]
Subject: Canberra National Multicultural Festival
2. Why is this person writing?about a cultural
event she attended lastDear
week.
Annabel,
B. Read the email again and do the
activities that follow. How are you? I haven’t heard from you for ages.
1. Which of the following does the writer include So, I thought I’d write and tell you my news.
in her email? Tick (4) those that apply.
Last week, I went to my favourite yearly event, the
Canberra National Multicultural Festival! You see, it
a. the name of the event
brings together all the different cultures of people who
b. some facts and figures about
live in Australia. It’s a really lively, colourful and fun
the event
event! There are always lots of interesting things
c. the actual venue of the event to do and see. For one, the streets are lined with
d. when she went to the event stalls where you can buy interesting items from
e. how long the event lasts different cultures. I bought a traditional Aboriginal wind
instrument called a didgeridoo. I’m hoping to learn how
f. how often the event takes place
to play it!
g. who is responsible for organising
the event Another key highlight is the food scene. You can try
h. some of the things you can do there different traditional dishes from around the world. I
loved the Qatari chicken madrouba! It’s a savoury dish
i. her opinion of the event
made from rice, chicken and vegetables. The festival
also features cultural performances and parades with
2. Read the following statements and tick (4) marching bands, beautiful traditional costumes and
the ones that apply to the email. floats. It’s amazing to watch! I was most impressed by
The writer: the Chinese dragon dance!
a. uses a formal greeting and I had such a wonderful time! Would you like me to
salutation. send you some pictures? Hope to hear from you soon.
b. uses the first person.
Take care,
c. uses a friendly and chatty style. Mia
d. avoids the use of short forms.
e. uses indirect questions when
asking a question.
f. uses exclamations to express
emotion.
g. uses set phrases to begin and
end her email.

C. You recently attended a cultural

event that takes place in your country.
Write an email to a friend describing the
event.

When writing an informal email, use:

• an informal greeting and ending.
• informal language.
• short forms (e.g. I’m, didn’t).
• exclamations (e.g. It’s amazing!).
• direct questions (e.g. How are you?).
• expressions (e.g. you see, well, actually, you
know, of course).
• standard grammar and spelling conventions. didgeridoo
Avoid forms such as wanna, cul8r, etc.

13

6/5/2020 10:53:15 πµ
 a

CE
1b IEN Host: We’re very excited to welcome Grey Kalvak into our studio
today. Grey is one of the last master igloo builders in
SC
Canada. Thanks for being with us, Grey!
Grey: Thanks for having me, Barry!
Host: So, tell us Grey, how did you first get into igloo building?
Reading Grey: Well, when I was a boy, my father would take me out on hunting or fishing trips. These trips
A. Discuss in would last for about two or three days, so we would build an igloo as a temporary shelter
pairs/groups. from the cold.
• Do you think Host: But why not just pitch a tent?
architectural styles/ Grey: Well, my father was determined to pass the knowledge of igloo building down and in doing
buildings are a so preserve the tradition, so he never bought a tent. You see, igloo building was an invaluable
reflection of culture? skill for my ancestors, but now there aren’t many people who know how to do it.
• What buildings in Host: So, what makes igloos so special?
Qatar do you think Grey: Well, igloos are perfectly designed for the Arctic environment. For one, they are built out of snow, a
best reflect your natural resource, of which there is certainly no shortage. They are, thus, environmentally friendly.
culture? Why? In addition, snow has natural insulating properties, so igloos remain fairly warm inside. Igloos are
also solid structures that are quick and easy to build if you have the know-how.
B. Quickly read
the four texts a-d Host: So, what’s the secret?
and decide who the Grey: Well, first you need the right kind of snow. You want snow from a dry snow drift that has settled
intended reader/ into a hard pack. Next, you use a snow knife to cut the snow into blocks. You begin by laying
audience is for each. bricks in a circle and you trim the first ones so you’re actually working in a spiral. Each brick
leans a bit more inward. You trim with your snow knife as you go. When you’re done, you dig a
1. a friend b small tunnel for the door.
2. a supervisor d Host: Wow! You make it sound so easy!
3. radio listeners a
b
4. magazine
readers c Dear Aisha,
You’ll never believe where I am! Tanzania! It’s amazing
here! We’re staying in this super cool resort called
Tarangire TreeTops. Basically, the whole place is a
bunch of treehouses above the forest. I guess the
idea was that if you built up in the trees, you wouldn’t
disturb all the amazing wildlife below. Aisha Marconi
And did they ever get that right! I woke up this
morning to an elephant munching on tree bark not
151 East 57th Street
ten metres away! Got to go now – there’s a monkey New York, NY 10562
on the balcony!
USA
See you soon,
Love Dana

c
Going with the Flow
N owadays rising sea levels pose a serious threat to low-lying coastal areas. While many countries are
building stronger coastal defences, one city has decided to give up the fight and go with the flow.
Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, may lie about two metres below sea level and
consist of over one hundred kilometres of canals, but authorities decided to use the city’s geography
to its advantage. They began constructing an eco-friendly suburb, called IJburg, consisting of artificial
islands and floating houses designed to react to changes in sea levels and weather conditions.
This ambitious project began in 1997 and continues till today. The first residents moved into the area
in November 2002 and since then over 22,000 people have made IJburg their home. This may sound
like a lot, but when the project is completed, IJburg will be in a position to provide accommodation for
45,000 residents as well as employment opportunities for more than 12,000 people.
Projects like IJburg may seem daring, but a country like the Netherlands, where two-thirds of the
population lives below sea level, must think creatively to find sustainable solutions.
14

8/5/2020 9:50:42 πµ
 d
To: Khaled Almasi, Managing Director
From: Ahlam Kanaan, Lead Project Architect
Subject: Gold Island Resort Extension

Purpose: As requested, we are providing you with a brief outline of the Gold Island Resort project. The
information contained here concerns accessibility, design and features for twelve over-the-water bungalows.
Accessibility: To provide access to the new bungalows, we propose the construction of a pier extending
from the southwest edge of the resort. We also suggest that each bungalow have its own private boat dock to allow
easy access by boat.
Design: We have designed villas on stilts, with the main floor just one metre above the water. The wooden stilts will
be attached to the ocean floor using underwater concrete pylons for safety.
Features: In the main area, each bungalow will have a see-through glass floor for ocean viewing. Additionally,
skylights will provide natural light and enable guests to enjoy the night sky from the comfort of their luxurious
lodging. Finally, all bungalows will be equipped with private covered decks.
Conclusion: We believe that these over-the-water bungalows will enable our guests to make the most of their stay.

C. Read the texts again and decide if the statements are True, False or Not Mentioned. Write T, F, or NM.
1. More people are capable of building igloos 5. Most people in Amsterdam want to live in
than ever before. F floating houses. NM
2. The building material for igloos is freely 6. Homes in IJburg have been designed to adapt to
available. T the outside world. T
3. You can see a wider variety of wildlife at 7. Each bungalow at Gold Island Resort will only be
TreeTops than on a traditional safari. NM accessible by boat. F
4. TreeTops was designed to be in harmony 8. The viewing floors in the bungalows will be
with nature. T under the surface of the water. F

D. 1. boat(dock)
skylights
boat dock
The diagram on 2. skylights
the right was provided
to supplement the 3. pier
proposal in Text d.
Label the diagram
using words from the
proposal. Choose no 4. (covered) decks
more than two words
for each answer. 5.(wooden)stilts

E. Look at the highlighted words in the text and F. Read the statements below and identify
match them with their meanings. Then check your which features apply to which text a-d.
answers using a dictionary. This text:

a. building 1. uses formal language. c d

1. invaluable c b d
b. man-made 2. addresses the reader directly.
2. shortage g c. very useful 3. has subheadings. d
3. disturb e d. how sth is reached or obtained 4. shows a discussion between two people. a
4. artificial b e. to bother or get in the way of
5. was written in response to a request. d
sb/sth
5. sustainable h 6. features conversational language. a b
f. a temporary place to stay
6. accessibility d g. a situation when there is not 7. includes the recipient’s home address. b
7. construction a enough of sth that is needed 8. has a title. c
8. lodging f h. able to last because it is not 9. provides information that is both
harmful to the environment factual and detailed. a c d
G. Discuss in pairs/groups.
10. includes a greeting and signing off. b
• What did you find most interesting about the different types of building structures discussed in the texts?
• Which one would you most like to stay in and why?
15

6/5/2020 10:53:21 πµ
1b
Vocabulary
A. Read the sentences and circle the correct words. Then check your answers using a
dictionary.
1. I came into a small heritage / inheritance when my grandfather passed away.
2. I want to learn more about my descendants / ancestors who migrated here from China in the 1800s.
3. In order to preserve our country’s ceremony / heritage we should teach young people about our
history.
4. Colonel Smith built the house in 1825 and his ancestors / descendants still live there today.
5. When we travel with an open mind, we reject cultural customs / stereotypes and embrace diversity.
6. The wedding ceremony / tradition in Qatar typically lasts several hours.
B. First look at the definition of a collocation. Then decide which noun in the white box below collocates
with all four of the verbs and complete the sentences 1-4 with the correct form of the collocations.
A collocation is a combination of two or more words used together.

history tradition custom culture

1. Though most of the men in his family were doctors,

Omarbroke with traditionand decided to study law.
establish
2. Even today most Chinese brides continue to uphold
break (with)
tradition the tradition of wearing a red wedding dress.
uphold
3. Mohammed learnt sword dancing from his father and then
pass down
he passed down the tradition to his son.
4. The US government established the tradition
of Thanksgiving in the 1800s to celebrate a good autumn crop.

C. Choose another word from the box and list four verbs which collocate with it. Then create
sentences using the collocations you have formed. Use a dictionary to help you.
D. Complete the sentences with the words from the boxes. Then check your answers using a dictionary.

signal sign symbol gesture

1. When you make this gesture in my country, it means that you disagree..
2. It’s a sign of the times that young people today can’t imagine life
without the Internet.
3. The falcon, which is the national bird of Qatar, is a symbol of courage..
4. The teacher gave us the signal to begin singing the national anthem..

unique single exclusive rare

5. During Ramadan we do not eat a(n) single bite until after sunset..
6. Every culture has its own unique set of values, customs and traditions..
7. It was a very peaceful society and violence was rare .
8. You are unlikely to find an authentic cultural experience at a(n) exclusive resort.

common typical regular normal

9. In many societies it’s perfectly normal for extended families to live all together in the same house.
10. When people work together for the common good, the whole society benefits..
11. A typical breakfast in my country consists of yoghurt, fruit and bread..
12. The museum’s collection is updated on a regular basis..

16

6/5/2020 10:53:21 πµ
 Grammar Articles Ü pp. 90-91 B. Read the text and complete with a, an, the or – .
A. Read the examples below and answer the
questions that follow, referring to the examples. 1 a flag isn’t just 2 a piece of fabric hanging
1. A national flag isn’t just fabric hanging from a from 3 a flagpole. It is 4 a nation’s most
flagpole. widely recognised symbol. While flags come in 5 an
2. It is common for flags to have an emblem. interesting variety of colours, their shape rarely varies.
For me, the flag of Wales has the most
6 the only non-rectangular flag is that of 7 --
impressive one: a red dragon.
3. I’ve always wanted to visit Scotland, and when Nepal which consists of two triangles stuck together.
my friend who lives in Edinburgh invited 8 the most common colour on national flags is
me to his wedding, I accepted the invitation red which appears on 75% of all flags, closely followed
immediately. by white (70%) and blue (50%). For this reason,
4. Mike and Tom decided to sit on the beach many flags can appear similar to each other. Both
and enjoy the sun.
5. There was an article on the Museum of
9 the flags of 10 the Republic of Ireland and
Modern Art in the Daily News today. 11 the Ivory Coast have 12 the same colours,
but in reverse order. 13 the flags of 14 -- Chad
a/an a. Which article do we use before a singular countable
noun when we mention it for the first time? and 15 -- Romania seem identical at first glance
the flag b. Which article do we use before nouns which are and it takes 16 an observant person to notice
specific, defined or have been mentioned before? that 17 the Romanian flag has 18 a lighter
c. Which article do we use before nouns which are shade of blue. 19 The current flag of 20 --
unique?(the flag of wales-the beach-the sun) Qatar is maroon with 21 a broad white band
d. Do we use an article before plural countable nouns
with 9 points. It was adopted on 22 -- 9 July 1971,
when we refer to them in general?no.(flags)
shortly before 23 the country’s independence
e. Which words do not take the definite article the?
f. In which other cases do we use the definite article from 24 -- Britain. 25 The Qatari flag is
the? 26 the only national flag in 27 the world to
have 28 a width more than twice its height.
Listening
A. Discuss in pairs/groups.
• Have you ever had a cultural misunderstanding? What happened and how did you feel?
B. You will hear people talking in six different situations. For questions 1-6 choose the best
answer a, b, c or d.
1. You hear a brother and sister talking about an 4. You hear a brother and sister talking about Indian
Australian custom. Why did their aunt give the food. What does the brother like most about the Indian
hostess an empty plate? restaurant?
a. She misunderstood her request. a. It’s close to their house.
b. It was customary to do so where she used to live. b. It sells authentic Indian food.
c. She wanted to play a joke on her Australian friend. c. The food is better than home-cooked Indian food.
d. Her Australian friend was expecting more d. It reminds him of a three-week holiday he went on.
people than she had plates for. 5. You hear a man talking about a popular event in
2. You hear a brother and sister talking about learning a Spain. What is the man’s purpose?
language. What is the man going to do? a. to talk about a personal experience
a. move to Russia b. to provide information about the event
b. take more Russian lessons c. to warn people of the dangers of the event
c. study with a native Russian speaker d. to compare this event with another event that takes
d. think in English before speaking in Russian place elsewhere
3. You hear two people talking about an awkward 6. You hear a brother and sister talking about time
situation. What did the woman do to upset her friend? capsules. What does the brother think of his sister’s
a. She visited her friend uninvited. time capsule?
b. She played a practical joke on her. a. It won’t last that long.
c. She said the food in her friend’s country was bad. b. It will be useful to historians.
d. She believed something to be a part of her c. It will be of no value to historians.
friend’s culture that wasn’t. d. It’s better than the one he made at school.
C. Discuss in pairs/groups.
• Do you think time capsules are a good way to
Speaking
preserve history for historians and the next Work in groups. Turn to page 82 in the
generation? Why? / Why not? Speaking Activities section and do activity 1b.

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1b
Writing A newspaper article
A. Read the text below and answer the questions.
• Where would you expect to find a text like this? n a newspaper
• Who is the writer writing the text for?
a large audience of people who
probably know nothing about the writer or the topic.

CANBERRA FESTIVAL OPENS ITS DOORS


1       
            
          
            
            
          by Beverly
             Hughes
             
             
2               
             
           
            
              
             
             
3            
           
            
          
        

B. Read the article again and do the activities that follow.

1. Read the following statements. Tick (4) those that apply to the article.
The writer:
a. explains why she is writing. f. provides details about the event.
b. avoids the use of short forms. g. gives her personal opinion.
c. gives a title. h. addresses readers directly.
d. uses questions and exclamations. i. uses separate paragraphs.
e. uses a friendly and chatty style. k. provides background information
about the event.
2. The article on this page and the email on page 13 describe the same event. Find out how they differ by
answering the questions below.
a. Which text is written in a more objective and factual style? the newspaper article
b. Which text includes personal feelings and emotive language? the email
c. What information does the email include that the article does not?
d. What information does the article include that the email does not?
e. What information is included in both text types?

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C. First look at the diagram below which shows E. Read the writing task
how a newspaper article is structured. Then read below and underline the key
the statements that follow and write the numbers words/phrases. Then answer
1-3 in the boxes provided to show which paragraph the questions that follow.
in the article each statement corresponds to. You work for a newspaper
and have been asked to
write an article in which
Most important information you describe a cultural
paragraph 1 event that takes place
Details
annually in your country.
paragraph 2
Make sure to include
important facts and figures.
General
comments 1. What have you been
paragraph 3 requested to do?write a newspaper articl
2. What writing style should
you use? neutral, formal and factual style
3. What kind of information
should your article have?
In this paragraph the writer:
a. outlines the purpose of the event. 1 F. First look at the diagram
and statements that feature in
b. explains the reason why one should attend
activity C to determine what
the event. 3
kind of information to include
c. mentions the number of expected visitors. 2 in each paragraph of your
d. states the name of the event. 1 newspaper article. Then read
e. refers to the specific location of the event. 1 the TIP below and go to the
Workbook pp. 13-15 to plan
f. says what one can expect to do and see there. 2 and write your article.
g. mentions the organisations providing
financial support. 1 When writing a newspaper
h. mentions who the event would appeal to. 3 article:

i. provides specific details regarding the • use a neutral, formal and

factual style.
attractions. 2
• separate your article into three
distinct parts: the important
information, the details and then
the general comments.
D. Read the article again and find the more • provide an interesting title.
formal equivalents of the phrases below. • use facts and figures to provide
interesting details.

1. every year (para.1): annually

2. different places (para.1): various venues

3. go/be there (para.2):

attend
4. the number of people
present at an event (para.2): visitor numbers

5. has (para.2): features

6. about (para.2): approximately

7. brings together (para.3): combines

8. covering many different

Canberra
things (para.3): wide-ranging

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 A. Choose a, b, c or d. C. Complete the dialogue with the Present Simple or
1 1. It’s not a very colour. Why the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets.

EW don’t you try the blue one A: 1 do u hear (you / hear) from Sean very often?
VI
instead? Where is he these days?
RE

a. desired c. appealing B: You know what he’s like; he 2 always moves (always /
b. observant d. considerable move) from place to place. He 3 is living (live) up
2. The problem with sleeping in a big student in the mountains of Mongolia at the moment.
is you never know who you will end up He 4 writes (write) me a letter every now and
sharing a room with. then.
a. dormitory c. stall A: He 5sends (send) you letters all the way from
b. surface d. coach Mongolia. Hasn’t he heard of email or the phone?
3. Some people think language is one of the B: Well, that’s the point, isn’t it? He 6 doesn't use (not
which most defines a culture. use) technology so he can immerse himself in the
a. trends c. emblems life of the locals there.
b. gestures d. features A: That 7 sounds (sound) pretty tough.
4. This book club is so that it only admits a B: I guess it is, but he 8 thinks (think) these
handful of new members each year. cultures 9are dying out(die out). He’s worried that
a. unique c. primary big cities will gradually absorb everyone, and he
b. exclusive d. single 10 wants (want) to experience the nomadic
5. When I travel, I try to myself in the local lifestyle before that 11 happens (happen).
culture. A: Well, one thing is certain. I 12don't envy (not envy)
a. immerse c. recreate him. When 13 is he coming (he / come) back home?
b. rush d. capture The winter 14 is (be) pretty cold up there
6. In recent years, archaeologists have gained in Mongolia.
insight into ancient cultures and civilisations. B: As far as I know, he 15 isn't thinking (not think) of
a. normal c. awkward coming back before January.
b. thoughtful d. considerable D. Complete with a, an, the or –.
7. Cultures with strong oral traditions down 1. The national flag of a country is often
stories from one generation to the next. inspired by == historical events.
a. break c. write
2. My aunt Emily knows everything about -- tea,
b. pass d. tell
and if she says that the tea grown in --
8. My choice was a weekend at a luxurious China is top quality, I believe her.
hotel by the sea, but when I saw the prices I
3. For me, the most important part of an
changed my mind; I ended up staying at a B&B.
experience abroad is tasting the local cuisine.
a. primary c. unique
4. We decided to take a taxi down to the
b. authentic d. initial
seashore and watch the moon rise.
B. Complete with the correct form of the words in 5. There was an accident on -- Ludlow Avenue
capitals. yesterday -- afternoon. Luckily no one was hurt.
1. A good team leader must be decisive and 6. The Metropolitan Museum has a significant
confident. DECIDE collection of -- Mesopotamian art.
2. If you’re planning on exploring the old city, be Self-assessment
sure to wear sensible footwear. SENSE Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes.
3. The new Italian restaurant across the street has For the points you are unsure of, refer back to the
very nice food, but it’s a bit pricey . PRICE relevant sections in the module.
4. The idea of staying in a dormitory is not NOW I CAN...
very appealing to some people. APPEAL
) discuss issues related to different aspects
5. He was overwhelmedby the way everyone
of culture
welcomed him so sincerely to the
) distinguish between permanent and
neighbourhood. OVERWHELM
temporary situations
6. Anobservant eyewitness managed to take
) describe festivals and different aspects
down the number plate of the car. OBSERVE
of culture
7. Due to the success of our recent series on cultural
) make speculations, express my opinion and
identity, we are on the way to becoming the
come to a decision
country’s highest-selling weekly
magazine. WEEK ) write an informal email (describing
a cultural event)
8. Memories are moremeaningful than any of the
souvenirs you can find in tourist shops. MEANING ) write a newspaper article (about a cultural
event)

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