Student Name : Danish Aslam

Teacher Name : Ma’am Maryam Jawaid

Assignment : “To kill a Mocking Bird”(Analysis)
Department : BS English (Evening)
Batch : 2024
Date : 22 /April/2024
 To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of young narrator’s passage from innocence to experienced.
When her father confronts the racist justice system of the rural, Depression era of south. In witnessing
the trial of Tom Robinson, A Black man unfairly accused of rape, Scout the narrator, gains insight
into her town, her family and herself. Several incidents in the novel force Scout to confront her belief,
most significantly when Tom is convicted despite his clear innocence. Scout faces her own prejudices
through her encounter with Boo Radley, a mysterious shut-in whom Scout initially considers a
frightening ghost. The novels resolutions comes when Boo rescues Scout and her brother and Scout
realizes Boo is a fully human noble being. At the same time Scout undergoes an inevitable
disillusionment as she is exposed to the reality of human nature. The entrenched racism of her town
the unfair conviction and murder of Tom Robinson, and the malice of Bob Ewell all force Scout to
acknowledge social inequality and the darker aspect of humanity. Throughout the book her father Atticus, represents morality and just, but as Scout becomes more sensitive to
those around her, she sees the efforts of his struggle to stay purely good in a compromised world.

The book opens with a framing device that references Scout’s brother Jem, breaking his arm when he was thirteen, Scout say she will explain the events leading up to that injury
but is uncertain where to start, raising the question of the past’s influence on the present. After tracing her family’s history and describing how her father, Atticus came to be the
attorney for Maycomb, Alabama, she picks up her narrative almost three years before the incident, when she is ‘almost six’ and Jem is ‘nearly ten” she presents Maycomb as a
sleepy impoverished town depicts it as an ideal place to be child, where Scout and her brother play in the street all day long during the summer. These opening scenes of safety
and innocence are later contrasted with her more mature nuanced descriptions of the town’s darker aspects and the price of its attachment to the past. In the following chapters,
Scout recount a series of amusing stories introducing us to the main character in the book and establishing the town’s social order. At the urging of their friend. Dill, Scout and
Jem try to coax their mysterious neighbor Boo Radley, out of his house. Boo has tired as a prisoner in his home after getting into trouble as a teen, when he was in his thirties, he
stabbed his father in a leg with a pair of scissors. He has become a figure of local gossip and speculation and the children are terrified and fascinated by his seemingly
monstrous, ghostly by nature. When Scout enters school, we meet Walter Conningham the son of a poor but proud family of farmers. When Walter comes to lunch at Scout’s
house. Scout is reprimanded for mocking his table manners, one of her first lessons in empathy.

Another child at school Baris Ewell, introduces us to the Ewell family, who will figure prominent later in the book. The Ewells are mean, antisocial, clan who rely on
government assistance and only send their children to school one day in a year, to avoid the truant officer. Baris threatens the teacher with violence, foreshadowing the violent
attack by his father in the book. Baris ‘s father, Bob, represent the racism and violent past of the South, and is the book’s antagonist. The inciting incident in “To Kill a
Mockingbird” occurs in chapter nine when Scout learns from other children that her father is defending a Black man Tom Robinson, who has been charged with assaulting
Mayella Ewell, a white woman. When Scout and Jem’s neighbor, Mrs. Dubose, verbally harasses the children about their father’s work, Jem retaliates by destroying her garden.
As punishment, he is required to read to Mrs. Dubose, and Atticus reveals that she is morphine addict determined to overcome her addiction before she dies. This episode for
them develops the idea of going empathy for others by understanding their situation. It also introduces the concept of bravery as adhering to a principle at great personal cost.
Atticus’s admiration of Mrs. Dubose’s determination to die a free” is later echoed in Scout’s admiration of his conviction to his values event at the potential price of his personal
safety.

This conviction is displayed when he spends the night guarding Tom’s jail cell. The white community in Maycomb is outraged and attempts to lynch Tom, but Scout saves Tom and
Atticus by interrupting the attempted lynching and inadvertently reminded the mob of their own children. Although she is central to this event, she does not fully understand its
ramifications. The combination of naivete and attentive witnessing characterizes Scout’s narration throughout the entire book. The climax of the book is occurring at the conclusion
of Tom’s trial and the delivery of jury’s verdict. At the trial Scout and Jem sneak in and sit with the Black spectators, even though Atticus forbade them from attending. In his
defense, Atticus established that Tom was physically unable to attack Mayella, and suggests that in fact Mayella approached Tom for kiss and Mayella’s father Bob, beat her when
he saw them together. In questioning Mayella about her family’s circumstances, Atticus points a bleaker, more troubling portraits of Maycomb than Scout’s earlier description of
the town, revealing the economics disparity between relatively comfortable families like the Finches and the impoverished Ewells. Despite Atticus’s defense and the judge’s
implied belief in Tom’s innocence, the jury convicts Tom in a climatic reversal of our expectations that good will triumph over evil. Scout is shocked by the verdict, and the
contrast between her surprise and her father’s resignation reveals how many illusions about the world Scout still has to lose. Later, Tom is shot to death while attempting to escape
prison. This event underscores how thoroughly the justice system has failed Tom and the Black community of Maycomb. Both Scout and Jem must reconcile their new
understanding of world with their father’s idealism and high moral standards. The following action of the book takes place on Halloween, a few months after the trial.

Despite Tom’s conviction and death, Bob Ewell feels humiliated by the events of the trial, and seeks revenge on Tom’s widow as well as the judge. Fallowing the Halloween
pageant, Bob attacks Scout and Jem, breaking Jem’s and. Boo Radley rescues them by killing Bob with his own knife. The re-emergence of Boo shows how community can be a
powerful protective force, softening the social criticism of the trial of sequence. However, Boo’s reclusiveness and Atticus’s decision to say Bob Ewell feel on his own knife also
demonstrate that these two men still perceive community as a risky, potentially destructive entity, Boo’s kindness somewhat restores Scout’s faith in humanity and her assertion that
‘nothing’s real scary excepts in books” suggest that she feels prepared to face the world with her new, adult understanding of its complexities. The resolutions of the novel suggest
that humanity will be alright as long as we remember to see each other as individuals and empathize with their perspectives. While the ending implies that Scout has made a
significant and beneficial transformation over the course of the novel, Lee leaves the larger problem of the institutionalized racism and economic inequality of the South
unresolved.