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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
1) What statement is true about the rock layers below?
Only the older rocks contain fossils of complex life forms.
Only the younger rocks contain simple life forms.
Both older and younger rocks contain more complex life forms.
Only the younger rocks contain fossils of complex life forms.
2) Species go when they cannot adapt to environmental changes.
3) Biological evolution is the change over time of populations of organisms.
4) Sometimes, sedimentary rocks are removed by road construction, volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.
How might scientists determine the age of fossils found in these conditions?
5) The changes over time in the inherited traits of a type of organism are __.
growth
biogenesis
spontaneous generation
evolution
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
6) Which is the most likely scientific aim of the research below?
Scientists want to know if the first and second animal in each experiment are related.
Scientists want to eventually have all species have the same eyes.
Scientists want to improve the frog's eyes.
Scientists want to determine if all organisms use eyes in the same way.
7) What type of organisms do scientist usually agree that birds are descended from?
reptiles
fish
amphibians
mammals
8) A extinction occurs when many species go extinct in a relatively short period
of time.
9) Hippopotamuses are more closely related to and dolphins than to elephants or
any other species.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
10) What does the figure suggest?
Horses appeared up to a million years ago and did not have any ancestors before that
time.
Between 55 and 50 million years ago there weren't any animals that could be
considered as related to horses.
The modern horse is related to other extinct species.
The hyracotherium is the same species as the modern horse.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
11) B is a mold of A.
True
False
12) The longest units in the geologic time scale are , and there are four of them.
13) Extinctions can be caused by gradual environmental changes, such as mountain formation, or
ones, such as volcanic eruptions.
14) All organisms on Earth have that are made of DNA and function in a similar
way.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
15) During what eon and era did the Silurian period occur? Use the words eon and era in your answer.
16) Pharyngeal pouches are found in all embryos.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
17) Explain what is meant by the term "molecular clock".
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
18) The diagram shows the skeletal structure of the forelimbs (front arm or leg) of three mammals.
Identify two pieces of evidence in the diagram that could be used to support the claim that these
organisms share a common ancestor.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
19) Compare and contrast what can be learned by studying the fossil record and by studying embriology.
Then, explain why scientists often use both lines of evidence to study how species have changed over
time.
20) What evidence would support a scientist's inference that there was a massive extinction in a specific
time period in the history of Earth?
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
21) Two ancient organisms, Pakicetusand Aetiocetus, and the modern whale are likely to share a common
evolutionary line. The diagram shows the skulls of each of these large mammals that have similarities
in their body forms.
Some scientists hypothesize that each skull represents a step in the evolution of modern whales. They
claim that modern whales are descended from land mammals that, over time, adapted from living on
land to living completely in water. The skull of the modern whale has a food filtration system called
balleen that hangs from their upper jaw. Ancient mammals had teeth.
Identify two structures in the modern whale skull that support the claim that whales gradually adapted
to a water environment. Explain why they support this claim.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
22) The fossils in the diagram show how the forelimbs (front legs) of four ancestral species of horses
evolved over time. The chart shows the diets scientists believe the four species had, based on the
structural changes in each species' teeth.
a. Describe how two structures in the forelimbs of the horse's ancestors changed over time.
b. Using the diet information on the chart, explain why the forelimbs of the horse's ancestors may
have changed over time.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
23) The diagram shows the skeletal structure of three different species.
Scientists claim that the three species are related and they have placed them in the same family.
a. Identify two anatomical similarities shown in the diagram that support the scientists' claim. Explain
why these similarities support the claim.
b. Identify two anatomical similarities shown in the diagram. Explain how these species changed over
time until they became different from each other in the present time.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
24) The diagram shows reconstructions of three fossil species' heads, based in their skull fossils, and the
head structure of an elephant in the present time.
a. Describe two similarities and two differences among the fossil species' ears and the present-day
elephant's ears.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
b. Explain what the similarities in the ears suggest about the relationships among the species.
c. Explain why the ear in the present-day elephant is different from the ear structures of the three
fossil elephants.
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Module Test: Evidence of Evolution
25) This diagram shows several stages in the development of a monkey and a pig from embryo to adult.
Based on the diagram, describe two similar ways in which the body develops in the monkey's and the
pig's embryos that are difficult or impossible to see in the adults.
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