Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Computation of the velocity distribution of particles for the system
and comparison with the Maxwell velocity distribution
Scilab code:
//Plot of Maxwell-Boltzmann Velocity Distribution
clc,clf
Gas=input("Name of gas : ","string")
M=input("Molecular weight of the gas "+string(Gas)+" in (gm) : ")
N=(6.022*10^23) // Avogadro number
K=(1.38*10^(-23)) // Boltzmann Conts.
m=(M/(N*1000)) // mass of each molecule in kg
a=m/(2*%pi*K)
b=m/(2*K)
t=input("The lowest temp. "+string(Gas)+" in (K) : ")
T=[t;(2*t);(3*t)]
v=linspace(1,3000,1000) // velocity range in m/s^2
for i=1:1000
w(1,i)=(4*%pi*((a/T(1,:))^1.5)*(exp(-(b*(v(i)^2)/T(1,:)))*(v(i)^2)));
w(2,i)=(4*%pi*((a/T(2,:))^1.5)*(exp(-(b*(v(i)^2)/T(2,:)))*(v(i)^2)));
w(3,i)=(4*%pi*((a/T(3,:))^1.5)*(exp(-(b*(v(i)^2)/T(3,:)))*(v(i)^2)));
end
[p1,q1]= max(real(w(1,:)))
vmp1=v(q1) ;
vav1=sqrt(4/%pi)*vmp1;
vrms1=sqrt(3/2)*vmp1;
[p2,q2]= max(real(w(2,:)))
vmp2=v(q2) ;
vav2=sqrt(4/%pi)*vmp2;
vrms2=sqrt(3/2)*vmp2;
[p3,q3]= max(real(w(3,:)))
vmp3=v(q3) ;
vav3=sqrt(4/%pi)*vmp3;
vrms3=sqrt(3/2)*vmp3;
C=[t vmp1 vav1 vrms1 ; (2*t) vmp2 vav2 vrms2 ; (3*t) vmp3 vav3 vrms3]
disp("temp(K) Vmp Vav Vrms")
disp(C)
plot(v',w')
legend("T = "+string(T)+" K")
xtitle("Maxwell-Boltzmann Velocity distribution")
xlabel("velocity in (m/s)")
ylabel("the distribution function ; f(v)")
xgrid(1)
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot Raleigh-Jeans Law at high temperature and low temperature.
Scilab code:
//Plot of Rayleigh-Jeans's law
clc,clf,clear;
h=6.626e-34; //Plank's const.
c=3e8; //velocity of light
k=1.38e-23; //Boltzmann Const.
t=200 // temperature in K
T=[t;(5*t);(15*t)]
n=linspace(1,5e12,100) //frequency range
for i=1:100
rj1(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(1,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for t k
rj2(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(2,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for 5t k
rj3(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(3,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for 15t k
end
plot2d(n',[rj1 rj2 rj3 ],[1 2 3])
xtitle("Plot of Rayleigh-Jeanss law")
xlabel("frequency in Hz")
ylabel("Energy density u(n) ")
legend("Rayleigh-Jeans law for T = "+string(T)+" K",2)
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot Planck’s law for Black Body radiation at high temperature and low
temperature.
Scilab code:
//Plot of Plank Radiation law
clc,clf,clear;
h=6.626e-34; //Plank's const.
c=3e8; //velocity of light
k=1.38e-23; //Boltzmann Const.
t=200 // temperature in K
T=[t;(5*t);(15*t)]
n=linspace(1,5e10,100) //frequency range
for i=1:100
p1(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(1,:))) - 1)) //Plank Radiation
law for t k
p2(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(2,:))) - 1)) //Plank
Radiation law for 2t k
p3(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(3,:))) - 1)) //Plank
Radiation law for 3t k
end
plot2d(n',[p1 p2 p3 ],[3 1 5])
xtitle("Plot of Plank Radiation law")
xlabel("frequency in Hz")
ylabel("Energy density u(n) ")
legend("Plank Radiation law for T = "+string(T)+" K",2)
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot Planck’s law for Black Body radiation and compare it with
Raleigh-Jeans Law at high temperature and low temperature.
Scilab code:
//Plot of Rayleigh-Jeans's law and Plank Radiation law
clc,clf,clear;
h=6.626e-34; //Plank's const.
c=3e8; //velocity of light
k=1.38e-23; //Boltzmann Const.
t=200 // In K
T=[t;(5*t);(10*t)] //different temp matrix
n=linspace(1,5e12,100) //frequency range
for i=1:100
rj1(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(1,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for t k
rj2(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(2,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for 10t k
rj3(i)=(8*%pi*k*T(3,:)*(n(i))^2)/c^3 // Rayleigh-Jeans's law for 20t k
p1(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(1,:))) - 1)) //Plank Radiation
law for t k
p2(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(2,:))) - 1)) //Plank
Radiation law for 2t k
p3(i)=(8*%pi*h*(n(i))^3)/((c^3)*(exp(h*n(i)/(k*T(3,:))) - 1)) //Plank
Radiation law for 3t k
end
plot2d(n',[rj1 rj2 rj3 p1 p2 p3],[1 2 3 4 5 6],leg="Rayleigh-Jeans law at 200 k @ -
Jeans law at 1000 k@Rayleigh-Jeans law at 2000 k@ Plank Radiation law at 200
k@Plank Radiation law at 1000 k@Plank Radiation law at 2000 k")
xtitle("Plot of Rayleigh-Jeans law and Plank Radiation law")
xlabel("frequency in Hz")
ylabel("Energy density u(n) ")
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot of Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Function :
Scilab code/ Input :
//Plot of M.B Distribution function
clc,clf
k=(1.38e-23)/(1.6e-19) //Boltzmann Constant in eV
T=[0,50,100,150,300] // temp given in Kelvin
E=linspace(0,0.2,5000) // energy of different molecules in eV
for i=1:5000
for j=1:5
mb(j,i)=1/(exp( E(i)/(k*T(j))))
end
end
plot(E',mb(1,:)','r')
plot(E',mb(2,:)','b')
plot(E',mb(3,:)','g')
plot(E',mb(4,:)','c--')
plot(E',mb(5,:)','g-')
title("M.B Statistics","fontsize",3)
xlabel("Energy--->","fontsize",3)
ylabel("Occupation number --->","fontsize",3)
legend("T="+string(T)+" K")
ax=gca//handle the current axes
ax.data_bounds=[0,-0.2;0.2,1]
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output:
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot of Bose-Einstein Distribution Function :
Scilab code/ Input :
//Plot of B E Distribution function
clc,clf
k=(1.38e-23) //Boltzmann Constant
e=1.6e-19
T=[0,50,100,150,300] // temp given in Kelvin
E=linspace(0,0.1,5000) // energy of different molecules in J
for i=1:5000
for j=1:5
be(j,i)=1/(exp( (E(i)*e)/(k*T(j))) - 1)
end
end
plot(E',be(1,:)','r','linewidth',2)
plot(E',be(2,:)','b','linewidth',2)
plot(E',be(3,:)','g','linewidth',2)
plot(E',be(4,:)','c--','linewidth',2)
plot(E',be(5,:)','g-','linewidth',2)
title("B.E Statistics","fontsize",3)
xlabel("Energy--->","fontsize",3)
ylabel("Occupation number --->","fontsize",3)
legend("T="+string(T)+" K")
ax=gca//handle the current axes
ax.data_bounds=[0,-0.5;0.1,10.5]
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output:
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot of Cv v/s T according --1) Dulong-Petit law , 2) Einstein Law , 3)
Debye law for a given metal :
SCILAB CODE / INPUT :
//Plot of Cv v/s T according --1) Dulong-Petit law , 2) Einstein Law , 3) Debye law
clc,clf
k=1.38e-23 // Boltzmann Const.
N=6.022e23 // Avogadro number
m=input("Enter the name of metal : ","string") // metal name
Te=input("Enter the Einstein temp."+string(m)+" in K :")
Td=input("Enter the Debye temp."+string(m)+" in K :")
T=linspace(1,4000,200)// Temp range
for i=1:200
CvDP(i)=(3*N*k) //Dulong-Petit law
if abs(Td) < 400 then
CvD(i)=(9*N*k*((T(i)/Td)^3)*integrate('(((exp(x))*(x^4))/((exp(x) - 1)^2))','x',0,(Te/T(i)))) //
Debye law
else
CvD(i)=(9*N*k*(((T(i)+3)/Td)^3)*integrate('(((exp(x))*(x^4))/((exp(x) - 1)^2))','x',0,(Te/(T(i)+3))))
// Debye law
end
if abs(Te) < 400 then
CvE(i)=(3*N*k*((Te/(T(i)))^2)*((exp(Te/T(i)))/((exp(Te/T(i)) - 1)^2))) //Einstein Law
else
CvE(i)=(3*N*k*((Te/(T(i)+3))^2)*(exp((Te/(T(i)+3)))/((exp(Te/(T(i)+3)) - 1)^2))) //Einstein
Law
end
end
plot2d(T',[CvDP CvE CvD],[3 2 5] , leg="Dulong-Petit Law@Einstine Law@Debye Law")
xtitle("Plot of Cv v/s T according --1) Dulong-Petit law , 2) Einstein Law , 3) Debye law ")
xlabel("Temp.--->")
ylabel("Cv --->")
xgrid(1)
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
OUTPUT :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot of Properties of 2-Level System
Scilab Code :
//Plot of Properties of 2-Level system
clf,clc
N=200 // total number of particles in the system
k=1.38e-23 // Boltzmann Const. in unit of J/K
e=1.6e-19 // Electronic charge
T=linspace(1,50000,1000) // Temperature range
E1=0 // Energy of gnd state in V
E2=0.5 // Energy of 1st excited state in V
for i=1:1000
z(i)=((exp(-e*E1/(k*T(i))) + exp(-e*E2/(k*T(i))))^N) // Partition function
Eavg(i)=((((e*E1*exp(-e*E1/(k*T(i)))) + (e*E2*exp(-e*E2/(k*T(i)))))*N)/(exp(-
e*E1/(k*T(i))) + exp(-e*E2/(k*T(i))))) // <E>
E2avg(i)=((((e*E1*E1*exp(-e*E1/(k*T(i)))) + (e*E2*E2*exp(-
e*E2/(k*T(i)))))*N)/(exp(-e*E1/(k*T(i))) + exp(-e*E2/(k*T(i))))) // <E^2>
Cv(i)=(((E2avg(i)) - ((Eavg(i))^2))/(k*T(i)*T(i))) // Specific heat
end
subplot(131)
plot2d(T',z,1,leg='Partition function')
xtitle('Plot of Partition function v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','Z(T) -->')
xgrid()
subplot(132)
plot2d(T',[Eavg , E2avg],[2,3],leg='Avg. Energy@Avg. (Energy^2)')
xtitle('Plot of Average Energy & Average (Energy^2) v/s temp.','T(in K unit)--
>','<E(T)> , <(E(T)^2)> -->')
xgrid()
ax=gca//handle the current axes
ax.data_bounds=[0,0;50000,8*10^(-18)]
subplot(133)
plot2d(T',Cv,5,leg='Sp. heat')
xtitle('Plot of Specific heat v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','<Cv(T)> -->')
xgrid()
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Plot of Properties of 2-Level System for a Paramagnetic Substance :
Scilab Code :
//Plot of Properties of 2-Level system for a Paramagnetic Substances
clf,clc
k=8.617e-5 // Boltzmann Const. in unit of eV/K
u=5.78e-5 // Bohr's Magneton
B=1 // In Tesla unit
T=linspace(1,10,1000) // Temperature range
E1= -u*B // Energy of gnd state in eV
E2=u*B // Energy of 1st excited state in eV
for i=1:1000
z(i)= (2*cosh(u*B/(k*T(i)))) // Partition function
n1(i)=(exp(-E1/(k*T(i))))/z(i) // Occupation number of spin up particles
n2(i)=(exp(-E2/(k*T(i))))/z(i) // Occupation number of spin down particles
M(i)=(u*tanh(u*B/(k*T(i)))) // Magnetization per particle
s(i)=(log(2*cosh(u*B/(k*T(i))))) - ((u*B/(k*T(i)))*tanh(u*B/(k*T(i)))) // Entropy
per NK
end
subplot(221)
plot2d(T',z,9,leg='Partition function')
xtitle('Plot of Partition function v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','Z(T) -->')
xgrid()
subplot(222)
plot2d(T',[n1 , n2],[2,3],leg='Occupation number of spin up particles@Occupation
number of spin down particles')
xtitle('Plot of Occupation Number v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','n1(T) , n2(T) -->')
xgrid()
subplot(223)
plot2d(T',M,5,leg='Magnetization per particle')
xtitle('Plot of Magnetization per particle v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','M(T) -->')
xgrid()
subplot(224)
plot2d(T',s,6,leg='Entropy per NK')
xtitle('Plot of Entropy per NK v/s temp.','T(in K unit)-->','S(T) -->')
xgrid()
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
Name of Student: Sayan Dhani Class: Physics(H)-SEM VI
Univ. Roll No.: 190310400102 Paper: - CC - XIV
Univ. Reg. No.: 201901001262 of 2019-20
Output :
……………………………………………………………
Date: / / Signature of Teacher
