Universidad Nacional Experimental “Francisco de Miranda”
PNF Optometria-Optica
Trayecto I Tramo I
Inglés
Refractive Errors
Profesor: Africa Arcaya Presentado por:
Jose Coutinho
Linmar Sanchez
Manuel Sanchez
Victor Llanozas
Santa Ana De Coro, Marzo 2024
Refractive errors
Refractive errors are a vision problem
that makes it hard to see clearly. They
happen when the shape of your eye
keeps light from focusing correctly on
your retina (a light-sensitive layer of
tissue in the back of your eye). This is
why eye exams are so important. If
you have a refractive error, your
optometrist may prescribe glasses or
contact lenses to help you see clearly.
Now below, we will talk to you about the 4 most common types of refractive errors:
1. Nearsightedness (Myopia):
Nearsightedness (Myopia): This is a refractive error that makes faraway objects
look blurry. It happens when
the shape of the eye makes
light focus in front of the
retina, instead of on it.
The most common
symptoms of
nearsightedness are:
Trouble seeing things that are far away.
Needing to squint to see clearly
Eye strain
Sometimes people get headaches, but this isn't as common.
If you’re nearsighted, your optometrist can prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses
to help you see clearly.
That's why it's important to get regular eye exams - so your optometrist can make
sure you're seeing as clearly as possible.
2. Farsightedness (hyperopia):
Farsightedness is a refractive
error that makes nearby objects
look blurry. It happens when the
shape of the eye makes light
focus behind the retina (a light-
sensitive layer of tissue at the
back of your eye), instead of on it.
The most common symptoms of farsightedness are:
Trouble seeing things up close
Eye strain (when your eyes feel tired or sore)
Headaches — especially when reading
3. Astigmatism:
Astigmatism is a common eye problem that can blur your vision. It happens when
your cornea or lens, has a different shape
than normal.
The only way to determine if you have
astigmatism is to get an eye exam.
Eyeglasses or contact lenses can help you
see better — and some people can get
surgery to fix their astigmatism.
3. Presbyopia:
The Presbyopia is when your eyes gradually lose the ability to see things clearly up
close. It is a normal part of
aging. In fact, the term
“presbyopia” comes from a
Greek word which means “old
eye.”
Generally, starts to develop
around age 40. You’ll notice
that reading close-up tasks are harder than they used to be.
