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prangya

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To hear today’s event:

Listen via the audio stream through your computer speakers

OR
Listen via phone by clicking on the “Participants”
button on the bottom of the screen, then clicking on
“Connect to audio”

You will NOT hear hold music while

waiting for the event to begin.

1
To ask a question, click the Q&A button at the
bottom of the screen to display the Q&A window

The recording will be available in about one week

on the ANSYS Resource Library
ansys.com/Resource-Library

2
Thermal FSI of a Sounding Rocket
Through the Atmosphere

Walter Schwarz, PhD

March 2019

3
Aerodynamic heating and aerothermal analysis
Sounding rockets and other high-speed
vehicles frequently contain important
equipment & electronics that need to
survive the thermal consequences of
aerodynamic heating

Traditionally, thermal protection systems

have been designed using uncoupled
simulation methods that consider the
exterior aerodynamic heating and the .
Ref: NASA Educator guide - Rocket Lessons:
interior thermal behavior separately http://spacelink. nasa.gov/Instructional. Materials/NASA.
Educational. Products/Rockets
This webinar will show how simulation tools LG-1999-08-007-GSFC

from ANSYS can provide solutions that

address these kinds of applications with
higher-fidelity by connecting the external
and internal physics

4
Phenomena and Modeling Needs For
Reentry Simulations
Reentry Phenomena Modeling Needs
Compressible flow Turbulent Compressible Flow over a
Hypersonic flow conditions wide range of Mach numbers,
pressures, and angle-of-attack
Shockwaves
Heat Transfer
Aeroheating
• Convection
Variations of • Radiation
• Altitude • Conduction
• Speed
Also possible to include chemical
• Pressure
reactions and ablation if Mach
• Density
number high enough
• Angle-of-attack
Possible Ways to Simulate Reentry Thermal Phenomena

ANSYS provides flexible options to address these kinds of analyses:

• Perform both the external aerodynamics simulation and conjugate heat transfer
simultaneously inside ANSYS Fluent CFD
• Couple ANSYS Fluent (CFD) external aero simulation with ANSYS Thermal (FEA) for
internal components
o Steady Fluent – Steady Thermal
o Transient Fluent – Transient Thermal
o Steady Fluent – Transient Thermal
ANSYS Multiphysics ‘At A Glance’
FSI: Temperature / Heat Transfer
Electromagnetics – Thermal
FSI: Pressure/Force Fluid Cooling Coupling

FSI: Thermal Stress

Low and High

Structural & Thermal Fluid Flow & Thermal
Frequency
Analysis Analysis
Electromagnetics

Electromagnetics –
Thermal Fluid Cooling –
Thermal Stress Coupling

Electromagnetics –
Thermal Stress Coupling
FSI Mapping Key to Transferring Data

Fully conservative and profile-

preserving options for mapping data
between CFD and Mechanical
solutions when using co-simulation
• Conservative mapping for force and
heat flow
• Profile preserving mapping for
displacement, temperature and
heat transfer coefficient
• Mapping diagnostics for evaluation
of mapped data Incremental displacement shown on the
target and source meshes of an FSI simulation
of a representative turbine blade

8
Easy 1-Way FSI – i.e., Integration of external loads from CFD
Automatic mapping with ANSYS Workbench

9
Robust, Stable 2-Way Multiphysics
Fluid Dynamics Structural Mechanics
Integrate fluids and mechanical for stable
coupled 2-way FSI simulations
• Force/Pressure FSI
• Thermal FSI
Fluids solution integrates additional options for
stability

Two-way FSI simulation of aeroelasticity

Systems Coupling uses Iterative Coupling between the Solvers

Iterations are required to converge the quantities transferred between the MAPDL and CFD solvers
• Just like iterations are required to converge segregated fields within the CFD or FEA solvers
• Force, Displacement, Temperature, Heat Flow and HTC + HTC Reference Temperature can be the
transferred quantities

Fluid Dynamics
Solid Mechanics Mass
Structural Momentum
System
or
Coupling
Thermal
Turbulence
or
Structural +Thermal
Heat Transfer
Iterative Coupling
A transient 2-way FSI simulation has three levels of iterations:
The transient loop – each loop/step moves
Time Loop forward in time, as in a standard CFD or
FEA transient simulation
Coupling Loop
Field Loop Loads / displacements are
updated between the FEA
and CFD solvers

The usual inner loop, used to converge

the field(s) within a solver

End Field Loop

End Coupling Loop
End Time Loop
Workflow Overview – Solving

Track convergence
and solver output
data within
System Coupling
Steady-transient coupling

Mixed steady-transient coupling

Example: Steady-state flow with transient Conjugate heat Transfer (CHT)
• Useful for long thermal transients when the flow field can be assumed steady-state
at any point in time, but changes slowly due to thermal effects
• Allows a large time step to be used driven by the CHT transient time-scale
How the Steady – Transient Systems Coupling Works

FLUENT The transient loop – The Systems loop

moves forward in time, as in a standard
CFD or FEA transient simulation
Time Loop
Coupling Loop
Systems Field Loop Wall temperature, heat transfer
Coupling coefficient, and near-wall
temperature are updated between
Fluent Solver the ANSYS and Fluent solvers
ANSYS Solver
Transient
THERMAL The usual inner loop, used to converge
End Field Loop
the field(s) within a solver, although
End Coupling Loop ANSYS is in transient mode and Fluent
is in steady mode with its BCs
End Time Loop determined by the Time Loop coupling
step

ANSYS Workbench Project Workflow of Implicit Method

Schematic for solving Steady -Transient
2 Way FSI problems
Geometry

Used a fixed mesh with time

varying flow conditions
including flow direction
Pressure Far-Field
Boundary

Rocket

Refined Mesh
Region

Full 3D Model (50 m diameter sphere enclosing a 1.15 m long rocket l/d ~5)
Computational Mesh for Fluent CFD Simulations

3 M cells used for this

demonstration
simulation
Computational Mesh – zoomed view

Tip: consider using

solution-based grid
adaption in ANSYS Fluent
to better capture shocks
at various trajectory
points
Computational Mesh – Structural Thermal Analysis of simple rocket
after nose cone has been ejected
Outer shell
(titanium) 0.93 M nodes
Camera
(90 W)

Cold plate
(active/inactive)

Support plates
(aluminum)
Insulation
(polyethelene)
Reentry Specifications
Initial conditions

As a worst-case scenario, assume rocket has maintained M=5.5 at 70 km

altitude for 6000 seconds with equipment power on

To get an initial temperature distribution for reentry simulation, initialize

all temperatures to 300 K and then perform Transient Thermal – Steady
Fluent simulation using systems coupling and a timestep size of 20 second
Key ANSYS Mechanical Settings
Key ANSYS Mechanical Settings

Account for radiation heat

transfer between camera
surfaces, supports, cold
plate and inside surface of
insulation

Specify times to
output results
ANSYS Mechanical also has coupled-field elements

Current Demonstration Alternate Approach

Load transfer Load transfer
‐ Fluid and thermal physics are solved ‐ Structural and thermal physics are solved
sequentially simultaneously in a single FEA solve and
‐ Separate models and meshes possible sequentially with CFD solve

Technology Technology
‐ System coupling ‐ Systems coupling
ANSYS Coupled
Thermal Structural Field Element
Thermal (22X series)

Fluid

Fluid
Demonstration Simulation Details using ANSYS Fluent R19.2
Mesh: 3 M tetrahedral cells with 10 prism layers
Density-Based Implicit Solver
Properties:
• ideal gas law used to compute density • CFL = 5
• Transport properties calculated using the • AUSM flux-splitting scheme
kinetic theory of gases • SST k-omega turbulence model
• Discrete ordinates radiation model
Initial conditions: • Steady formulation
‐ Initialize transient from a converged steady
solution for M=5.5 and 180 deg AoA

Boundary conditions:
• Pressure far-field boundary condition sets
Mach number pressure, temperature, and
direction using a tabulated transient profile
Solution Methodology and Controls ANSYS Fluent
Material Properties for Air ANSYS Fluent

Tip: instead use

temperature-dependent
properties to take into
account vibrational modes
Turbulence and Radiation model selections ANSYS Fluent
Far-Field Boundary Conditions ANSYS Fluent
CFD Rocket Wall Boundary Conditions ANSYS Fluent
Run Commands for Steady Fluent ANSYS Fluent
Transient BCs for Steady Fluent Implemented via UDFs ANSYS Fluent
Key Systems Coupling Settings
Systems Coupling Data Transfers
Mach Number Contours (active cold plate)