2021 ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals (SI) © 2021 ASHRAE, Inc.

LONDON HEATHROW, United Kingdom WMO: 037720

Lat: 51.4792N Lon: 0.4506W Elev: 25 StdP: 101.02 Time Zone: 0.00 (EUW) Period: 94-19 WBAN: 99999
Annual Heating, Humidification, and Ventilation Design Conditions
Humidification DP/MCDB and HR Coldest Month WS/MCDB MCWS/PCWD
Coldest Heating DB
99.6% 99% 0.4% 1% to 99.6% DB WSF
Month
99.6% 99% DP HR MCDB DP HR MCDB WS MCDB WS MCDB MCWS PCWD
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p)
(1) 1 -2.3 -1.1 -6.0 2.3 0.5 -4.6 2.6 1.1 13.1 10.3 11.8 9.8 2.5 270 0.557 (1)
Annual Cooling, Dehumidification, and Enthalpy Design Conditions
Hottest Cooling DB/MCWB Evaporation WB/MCDB MCWS/PCWD
Hottest to 0.4% DB
Month 0.4% 1% 2% 0.4% 1% 2%
Month
DB Range DB MCWB DB MCWB DB MCWB WB MCDB WB MCDB WB MCDB MCWS PCWD
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p)
(2) 7 9.1 28.7 18.7 26.5 17.8 24.7 17.1 19.8 26.3 18.8 24.3 18.0 22.9 4.2 190 (2)
Dehumidification DP/MCDB and HR Enthalpy/MCDB
Extreme
0.4% 1% 2% 0.4% 1% 2%
Max WB
DP HR MCDB DP HR MCDB DP HR MCDB Enth MCDB Enth MCDB Enth MCDB
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p)
(3) 17.5 12.6 21.6 16.7 11.9 20.8 16.0 11.4 20.0 56.5 26.3 53.4 24.4 50.7 23.0 22.8 (3)
Extreme Annual Design Conditions
Extreme Annual Temperature n-Year Return Period Values of Extreme Temperature
Extreme Annual WS
Mean Standard Deviation n=5 years n=10 years n=20 years n=50 years
1% 2.5% 5% Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
(a) (b) (c) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p)
(4) 10.4 9.2 8.2 DB -4.8 32.2 1.4 2.2 -5.8 33.8 -6.7 35.1 -7.4 36.3 -8.5 37.9 (4)
(5) WB -5.3 21.4 1.4 0.8 -6.3 22.0 -7.1 22.5 -7.9 22.9 -8.9 23.5 (5)
Monthly Climatic Design Conditions
Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p)
(6) DBAvg 11.7 5.5 5.9 7.8 10.3 13.4 16.6 18.9 18.5 15.8 12.4 8.5 6.0 (6)
(7) DBStd 5.62 3.16 3.13 2.95 3.04 3.06 2.74 2.76 2.58 2.41 2.77 3.07 3.52 (7)
(8) Temperatures, HDD10.0 578 141 117 79 32 5 0 0 0 0 10 64 129 (8)
(9) Degree-Days HDD18.3 2534 397 347 327 241 155 66 26 28 83 185 297 381 (9)
(10) and CDD10.0 1187 2 3 11 41 112 198 276 264 173 84 18 6 (10)
(11) Degree-Hours CDD18.3 102 0 0 0 0 3 14 44 34 6 1 0 0 (11)
(12) CDH23.3 717 0 0 0 4 28 119 313 215 34 3 0 0 (12)
(13) CDH26.7 173 0 0 0 0 2 27 82 58 4 1 0 0 (13)
(14) Wind WSAvg 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.2 (14)
(15) PrecAvg 602 54 36 43 47 49 51 44 51 54 61 58 56 (15)
(16) PrecMax 820 114 92 95 102 102 128 93 150 140 175 151 119 (16)
Precipitation
(17) PrecMin 421 10 2 6 5 4 6 7 0 3 2 8 9 (17)
(18) PrecStd 100 27 21 25 24 26 31 24 31 38 39 35 28 (18)
(19) DB 13.5 14.8 18.1 23.5 26.0 29.9 31.5 31.2 26.7 21.6 16.4 14.4 (19)
0.4%
(20)
Monthly Design MCWB 11.6 10.9 11.5 14.6 16.8 18.9 19.9 19.9 18.0 16.8 14.4 12.5 (20)
(21) Dry Bulb DB 12.4 12.7 15.5 19.8 23.8 26.5 29.0 28.1 23.9 19.1 15.1 13.3 (21)
2%
(22) and MCWB 10.8 10.2 10.6 12.9 16.0 17.6 18.7 19.0 16.8 15.3 13.2 11.8 (22)
(23) Mean Coincident DB 11.3 11.6 13.8 17.4 21.4 24.2 26.7 25.6 21.7 17.6 14.1 12.5 (23)
Wet Bulb 5%
(24) MCWB 9.8 9.4 10.0 11.7 14.9 16.6 17.9 17.8 16.0 14.5 12.2 11.0 (24)
(25) Temperatures DB 10.4 10.5 12.4 15.6 19.1 22.2 24.6 23.5 20.2 16.6 13.1 11.4 (25)
10%
(26) MCWB 8.8 8.6 9.4 10.7 13.5 15.6 17.2 17.0 15.2 13.9 11.3 9.9 (26)
(27) WB 12.1 11.7 12.6 15.4 18.4 20.2 21.0 20.9 19.4 17.3 14.9 13.0 (27)
0.4%
(28)
Monthly Design MCDB 13.0 13.4 15.8 21.6 24.1 27.4 29.6 29.0 24.0 20.8 16.1 13.9 (28)
(29) Wet Bulb WB 11.0 10.7 11.5 13.6 16.7 18.5 19.7 19.7 18.0 16.1 13.6 12.1 (29)
2%
(30) and MCDB 12.2 12.2 14.2 18.6 21.7 24.4 26.5 26.0 22.3 18.1 14.8 13.2 (30)
(31) Mean Coincident WB 10.0 9.7 10.7 12.3 15.5 17.3 18.7 18.7 17.0 15.2 12.6 11.2 (31)
Dry Bulb 5%
(32) MCDB 11.2 11.2 13.1 16.1 20.3 22.4 24.6 23.7 20.1 17.0 13.9 12.3 (32)
(33) Temperatures WB 9.0 8.9 9.9 11.3 14.3 16.4 17.9 17.8 16.2 14.4 11.5 10.1 (33)
10%
(34) MCDB 10.2 10.3 12.1 14.8 18.4 21.2 23.4 22.0 19.0 16.2 12.9 11.3 (34)
(35) MDBR 5.1 5.7 7.0 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.1 8.7 8.0 6.7 5.6 4.9 (35)
(36) Mean Daily MCDBR 5.7 6.5 9.0 11.1 12.0 12.3 12.5 11.7 10.2 7.5 5.6 4.9 (36)
5% DB
(37) Temperature MCWBR 5.4 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.8 5.5 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 (37)
(38) Range MCDBR 5.6 5.9 7.9 10.0 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.1 8.5 6.6 5.5 5.0 (38)
5% WB
(39) MCWBR 5.5 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 (39)
(40) taub 0.332 0.347 0.384 0.406 0.410 0.410 0.405 0.396 0.378 0.361 0.335 0.320 (40)
(41) Clear-Sky taud 2.364 2.369 2.260 2.220 2.250 2.276 2.297 2.341 2.387 2.415 2.409 2.350 (41)
Solar
(42)
Irradiance Ebn at Noon 672 770 802 830 844 846 843 832 805 743 665 618 (42)
(43) Edh at Noon 63 82 109 127 129 127 123 112 96 77 60 55 (43)
(44) All-Sky Solar RadAvg 0.82 1.47 2.55 3.94 4.78 5.29 5.01 4.16 3.14 1.82 0.97 0.64 (44)
(45) Radiation RadStd 0.07 0.19 0.35 0.46 0.30 0.54 0.49 0.34 0.27 0.16 0.11 0.08 (45)
Historical Trends
Heating Cooling Degree-Days
DBAvg
99% DB 99% DP 1% DB 1% WB 1% DP HDD10.0 HDD18.3 CDD10.0 CDD18.3
(d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)
(46) Station Only N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (46)
(47) Regional (82 neighbors) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (47)
2021 ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals (SI) © 2021 ASHRAE, Inc.

Nomenclature — Tables of Climate Design Conditions

CDDn Cooling degree-days base n°C, °C-day

CDHn Cooling degree-hours base n°C, °C-hour
DB Dry bulb temperature, °C
DBAvg Average daily dry bulb temperature, °C
DBStd Standard deviation of daily average dry bulb temperature, °C
DP Dew point temperature, °C
Ebn at Noon Clear sky beam normal irradiance at solar noon, W/m²
Edh at Noon Clear sky diffuse horizontal irradiance at solar noon, W/m²
Elev Elevation, m
Enth Enthalpy, kJ/kg
HDDn Heating degree-days base n°C, °C-day
HR Humidity ratio, g of moisture per kg of dry air
Lat Latitude, °
Long Longitude, °
MCDB Mean coincident dry bulb temperature, °C
MCDBR Mean coincident dry bulb temperature range, °C
MCWB Mean coincident wet bulb temperature, °C
MCWBR Mean coincident wet bulb temperature range, °C
MCWS Mean coincident wind speed, m/s
MDBR Mean dry bulb temperature range, °C
PCWD Prevailing coincident wind direction, °, 0 = North, 90 = East
Period Range of years used to calculate design conditions
PrecAvg Average precipitation, mm
PrecMax Maximum precipitation, mm
PrecMin Minimum precipitation, mm
PrecStd Standard deviation of precipitation, mm
RadAvg Average daily all sky solar radiation, kWh/m²
RadStd Standard deviation of average daily all sky solar radiation, kWh/m²
StdP Standard pressure at station elevation, kPa
taub Clear sky optical depth for beam irradiance
taud Clear sky optical depth for diffuse irradiance
Time Zone Hours ahead or behind UTC, and time zone code
WB Wet bulb temperature, °C
WBAN Weather Bureau Army Navy number
WMO Station identifier derived from the World Meteorological Organziation
WS Wind speed, m/s
WSAvg Average wind speed, m/s
WSF Weather and shielding factor

Numbers (1) to (47) and letters (a) to (p) are row and column references to quickly point to an element in the table.
For example, the 5% design wet bulb temperature for July can be found in row (31), column (k).