Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, Volume 5 No 1, January - June 2024

e-ISSN 2774 – 5104, Global Health Science Group

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FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR IN HIV/AIDS PREVENTION

Marni1*, Insanul Firdaus1, Kresna Agung Yudhianto1, Wahyuningsih2, Allania Hanung2, Wahyu Ernawati3
1
Nursing Study Program, Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta, Jl. Bhayangkara No. 55, Types, District. Serengan,
Surakarta City, Central Java 57154 Central Java, Indonesia
2
Midwife Professional Education Study Program, STIKES Estu Utomo Boyolali, Jl. Army Student km 7, mudal,
Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia, Boyolali District, Central Java 58111, Dusun 4, Mudal, Boyolali, Boyolali
Regency, Central Java 57316 Central Java, Indonesia
3
Midwifery Undergraduate Study Program, University Kader Bangsa Palembang, Jl. Major General HM Ryacudu
No.88, 7 Ulu, Seberang Ulu I District, Palembang City, South Sumatra 30253 South Sumatra, Indonesia
*[email protected]

ABSTRACT
The Indonesian Ministry of Health highlights that HIV cases are starting to be dominated by young people.
The latest data shows that around 51 percent of new HIV cases detected are in teenagers (Rondonuwu,
2022). HIV/AIDS prevention is very necessary for teenagers, considering that the incidence rate is quite
high. In this study, research related to factors influencing HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents
will be presented in terms of adolescent knowledge, family and adolescent social support. The aim of this
research is to analyze research that has been published in journal form. The research method uses PRISMA,
the author searches for journals, identifies, reviews and adjusts them to appropriate criteria so that 8 journals
are selected for analysis. Research results: of the 8 journals analyzed, knowledge has a large influence on
preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents. Family and social peer support also has an influence on it, especially
in the cultural norms and values that apply where teenagers live. Conclusion: Education for groups of
teenagers is prioritized so that teenagers have a good peer social environment, thereby creating high self-
awareness among teenagers to behave positively in preventing HIV/AIDS.

Keywords: adolescent behavior; family support factors; hiv/aids prevention; knowledge factors; social
environmental factors

INTRODUCTION
As we all know, HIV/AIDS is still one of the deadliest diseases in Indonesia. HIV ( Human
Immunodeficiency Virus ) continues to be a major health problem for the global population and in
Indonesia. The HIV virus infects humans over time, causing AIDS ( Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome ). Humans who are exposed to HIV have a lower immune system so the possibility of
progressing to AIDS is very easy compared to healthy people (Fitriyani, 2020). AIDS is a
syndrome with symptoms of opportunistic infectious diseases or certain cancers due to a decrease
in the body's immune system due to HIV infection. Apart from that, AIDS is a collection of
symptoms of diseases caused by the HIV virus which results in damage/decreasing of the body's
immune system against various diseases. AIDS is not just a disease, but is a symptom of disease
caused by infection with various types of microorganisms such as bacterial, viral, fungal infections,
and even the emergence of malignancy due to a decrease in the sufferer's immune system.
Transmission of this virus can be through sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, perinatal and
others. From the research results, the HIV virus was found in blood, blood products, semen, vaginal
secretions, saliva and tears. If HIV enters a person's blood circulation, it absorbs white blood cells.
These white blood cells are part of the immune system which functions to protect the body from
disease attacks. HIV gradually damages white blood cells until they cannot function properly
(Admosuharto, 1993 in (Rahayu, 2017).

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, Volume 5 No 1, January - June 2024
e-ISSN 2774 – 5104, Global Health Science Group
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HIV/AIDS prevention begins with the anticipation, care and support stages. Effective HIV
prevention requires education to help people identify HIV early. Knowledge about risk factors,
opportunistic infection drugs, and explanations about antiretroviral drugs (ARV) are needed during
counseling (Hubaybah, 2021 in (Widiastuti & Fibriana, 2022). Adolescents as the spearhead of
nation and state development have a big role in preventing HIV/AIDS so that adolescent behavior
is very important to pay attention to for all levels of society starting from the family, the community
around where they live and the school as a social environment for teenagers in daily life.
Adolescence is a period of human development. This period is a period of change or transition
from childhood to adulthood which includes changes physical, behavioral, biological and
emotional. Behavior is a person's response or reaction to stimulus (external stimulation).
Inappropriate changes in behavior can lead to a high incidence of HIV/AIDS in adolescents (Yanti,
Solulipu, & Yusuf, 2023).

Knowledge in adolescents plays an important role in making efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS, because
extensive knowledge will form good attitudes. Adolescence is an age that is very vulnerable to
being infected with the HIV/AIDS virus, where there is a transition period from childhood to
adulthood which includes physical changes and curiosity. High (trying new things), sociological
and emotional changes. This was confirmed in research conducted by Siti Aisyah (2017), showing
that knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS have a strong relationship with HIV/AIDS
prevention (Ismail, et al., 2022). Family and peers as the closest social environment to adolescents
have an equally important role in preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents. Emotional, respectful,
instrumental and informative support is a priority in preventing HIV/AIDS. Family support
influences HIV/AIDS prevention (Maku, Mokalu, & Purwanto, 2018).

HIV/AIDS prevention begins at the family level as the main social environment for adolescents.
This is done by: Families must understand the sociology of children, before explaining deviant
behavior to their children, a father directs sons, and a mother directs daughters in explaining how
to behave properly, convincingly to children. -children that their friends are good friends, paying
attention to children's abilities in sports and keeping them busy with various activities, instilling
the ethic of protecting oneself from immoral acts because that is the most valuable thing, building
an attitude of mutual trust between parents and children (Rahayu, 2017). The Ministry of Health
explained that the number of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) cases is estimated to reach
515,455 cases during January-September 2023. Of these cases, 454,723 cases or 88% have been
confirmed as people living with HIV (PLHIV) (Putri, 2023). The Indonesian Ministry of Health
highlights that HIV cases are starting to be dominated by young people. The latest data shows that
around 51 percent of new HIV cases detected are in teenagers (Rondonuwu, 2022). HIV/AIDS
prevention is very necessary for teenagers, considering that the incidence rate is quite high. In this
study, research related to factors influencing HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents will be
presented in terms of adolescent knowledge, family and adolescent social support.

METHOD
The research method used was a scoping review, namely the researcher looked for references from
research that had been carried out by previous researchers, then identified research articles with the
keywords : "the relationship between knowledge and adolescent behavior in preventing
HIV/AIDS", "the influence of family support on HIV/AIDS prevention". AIDS in adolescents",

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, Volume 5 No 1, January - June 2024
e-ISSN 2774 – 5104, Global Health Science Group
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and "the influence of social support on HIV/AIDS prevention in adolescents". The main focus of
article identification is The influence of knowledge, family support and social support on
HIV/AIDS prevention in adolescents. In conducting scientific research, researchers use several
sources, namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. Furthermore, the articles found were selected using
predetermined criteria , namely: journals published between 2019-2023, indexed SINTA 1-5 and
in full text form in both Indonesian and international languages and containing the state of
HIV/AIDS prevention in Indonesia as a country that does not approve free sex.

The articles obtained were then analyzed based on PRISMA ( Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses ) guidelines. From search results via Pubmed with the
keywords "the relationship between knowledge and adolescent behavior in preventing HIV/AIDS";
"The influence of family support on HIV/AIDS prevention in adolescents"; and "The influence of
social support on HIV/AIDS prevention in adolescents" in English appeared 1,802 articles . A
search via Google Scholar with the same keys but in Indonesian produced 160 articles. Researchers
took 10 studies that were considered relevant to present and provide readers with an idea of the
factors of knowledge, support and social support that exist in preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents.

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, Volume 5 No 1, January - June 2024
e-ISSN 2774 – 5104, Global Health Science Group
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1.
There were 8 articles analyzed in this research for subsequent meta analysis
Writer Article Title Research result
(Astari & The Influence of There is an influence of peer education on teenagers' knowledge and
Fitriyani, 2019) Peer Education on attitudes about HIV-AIDS prevention. Peer education is a principle that
Adolescents' works from youth to youth, and by teenagers so that the peer education
Knowledge and program (with peer educator techniques as actors) is very effective in
Attitudes regarding encouraging the involvement of teenagers in coaching their own friends.
HIV/AIDS
Prevention at Korpri
Majalengka
Vocational School
(Kirana, 2022) Analysis of The existence of a relationship between knowledge and efforts to prevent
Knowledge of the HIV/AIDS in adolescents shows that a person's knowledge about
Incidence of HIV/AIDS will have an impact on the attitudes and actions they will take.
HIV/AIDS in If knowledge
Adolescents If a person's health knowledge about HIV/AIDS is correct, then that person
will tend to be supportive of health, and vice versa if the health knowledge
they have
If someone is wrong then that person will tend to behave unfavorably to
health
(Juniasti & Knowledge and There are differences in the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS in cities
Asriati, 2023) Attitudes of and villages. The high level of knowledge among urban adolescents results
Adolescents about in negative attitudes among urban adolescents. Meanwhile, the high level
HIV/AIDS among of knowledge in the village, although not much, has resulted in a positive
Urban and Village attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention.
Adolescents in
Papua Province
(Rukmana & Relationship There is no relationship between the level of knowledge and students'
Akbar, 2022) between Knowledge attitudes towards preventing HIV/AIDS. Differences in research results
Level and can be caused by factors that influence a person's attitudes, originating
Preventive Attitudes from oneself and environmental influences, including local norms, laws
towards HIV/AIDS and culture. A person with insufficient knowledge, but who has good
in SMAN X Female awareness and concern about HIV/AIDS, still tends to have a positive
Students attitude towards preventing and even helping to solve the HIV/AIDS
problem. The level of knowledge plays a key role in building a person's
attitude in preventing HIV/AIDS.
(Pakpahan, The Relationship Whether or not students' attitudes are good in taking steps to prevent the
Saragih, & between Knowledge transmission of HIVAIDS at STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan does not
Silaban, 2020) and Attitudes of guarantee that students have taken precautions.
Level IV Nursing
Students with
Measures to Prevent
HIV/AIDS
Transmission at
STIKes Santa
Elisabeth Medan
(Fauziyah & The Relationship There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes and
Handayani, between Knowledge HIV-AIDS prevention measures. The higher the level of students'
2023) and Attitudes with knowledge about HIV-AIDS, the better the preventive measures against
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS done. So as on the attitude factor, the better the attitude towards
Prevention Measures HIV/AIDS the better the preventive measures taken.
among Students at

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, Volume 5 No 1, January - June 2024
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Sumedang
Vocational School
(Ulandari, The Relationship There is a significant relationship between knowledge about HIV/AIDS
Wahina, Adhi, between Knowledge infection and HIV/AIDS prevention behavior among teenagers at SMKN
& Astuti, 2023) About HIV/AIDS 2 Mataram. Knowledge can influence respondents' attitudes towards
Infection and preventing HIV/AIDS transmission because knowledge is the cognitive
HIV/AIDS basis for forming a person's attitudes. Apart from that, with good
Prevention Behavior knowledge about HIV/AIDS, respondents can understand the dangers and
in Adolescents at ways of preventing it, thereby creating positive perceptions that can
SMKN 2 Mataram motivate them to carry out prevention, thereby forming positive
prevention behavior or commitment to action. Adolescents who have less
knowledge tend to ignore their health and will ultimately take actions that
will be dangerous for themselves. Adolescents who have less knowledge
about HIV/AIDS will have inappropriate behavior in preventing
HIV/AIDS. Adolescents who have gained knowledge about HIV/AIDS
will have high self-confidence and a positive outlook on life and be more
optimistic about taking preventive measures regarding HIV/AIDS.
However, teenagers who do not have adequate or even minimal
knowledge about HIV/AIDS will experience difficulties in taking
HIV/AIDS prevention measures.
(Rini & Confirmation of Parental support and the social environment, in this case, are peers which
Noviyani, 2019) Five Factors that have a direct and indirect influence on adolescent behavior in preventing
Influence HIV/AIDS.
Adolescent Behavior Peers are a group
in HIV/AIDS teenagers who are closest, they serve as a place to share information. In
Prevention peer groups they confide in each other. From the social environment of
their peers where they live, teenagers will absorb some of the existing
cultural norms and values so that the value standards created influence the
personal behavior of teenagers of the same age level as their peers in
preventing HIV/AIDS.
From the 8 journals above, it can be analyzed whether the factors of adolescent knowledge, parental
support and social support about HIV/AIDS will greatly influence adolescent behavior in
preventing it. In research (Astari & Fitriyani, 2019) it is explained that the influence of peer
education will have an impact on teenagers' attitudes towards preventing HIV/AIDS. Peer
education referred to in this research is information that comes from teenagers' peers. So the social
environment, in this case peers, influences teenagers' attitudes towards preventing HIV/AIDS. In
research (Kirana, 2022) (Fauziyah & Handayani, 2023) and (Ulandari, Wahina, Adhi, & Astuti,
2023), it was stated that good knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention from a teenager will have
an impact on good behavior and vice versa. Research (Juniasti & Asriati, 2023) explains the
differences in knowledge of teenagers living in cities and villages. Teenagers who live in cities
receive a lot of information about HIV/AIDS and its impact on negative behavior. (Rukmana &
Akbar, 2022) stated that knowledge alone has no effect on adolescent behavior in preventing
HIV/AIDS. The norms and culture that apply in the environment where they live play a big role in
adolescent behavior in preventing HIV/AIDS. Research by (Pakpahan, Saragih, & Silaban, 2020)
explains that whether or not teenagers' knowledge (students as research subjects) is good does not
guarantee that they will show preventative behavior against HIV/AIDS. As explained by (Rini &
Noviyani, 2019) there are 5 factors whose influence is confirmed in preventing HIV/AIDS behavior
in adolescents, two of which are the peer environment as a social environment and parental support.
In the social environment of peers, adolescents exchange stories, information and experiences,
thereby allowing adolescent behavior to be influenced by the social environment of these peers.

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Parental support prioritizes instilling cultural values and norms that apply in the family to serve as
a reference for teenagers in preventing HIV/AIDS.

CONCLUSION
The conclusion from the 8 journals analyzed by the author is that adolescent behavior in preventing
HIV/AIDS is more influenced by knowledge, family support and the peer social environment in
which the adolescent lives. Education for youth groups is prioritized so that teenagers have a good
peer social environment, thereby creating high self-awareness among teenagers to behave
positively in preventing HIV/AIDS.

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Fauziyah, N., & Handayani, F. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Tindakan
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Rahayu, A. (2017). Buku Ajar Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja dan Lansia. Surabaya: airlangga
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e-ISSN 2774 – 5104, Global Health Science Group
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Rini, A. S., & Noviyani, E. P. (2019). Konfirmasi Lima Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Perilaku
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