1. **Primary Survey: ABCDE** 2.
**Secondary Survey: Head-to-Toe + HISTORY**
- **A - Airway with Cervical Spine - **Head-to-Toe Examination**
Protection** - **"From head to toe, don't miss the show."**
- **"Airway clear, C-spine here."** - Conduct a thorough physical examination of the entire body.
- Ensure the airway is open and protected. - Identify and manage any additional injuries.
- Maintain cervical spine immobilization.
- **History Taking (AMPLE)**
- **B - Breathing and Ventilation** - **"AMPLE history tells the story."**
- **"Breath sounds, chest rounds."** - **A - Allergies:** Identify any known allergies.
- Check for adequate breathing and - **M - Medications:** List all current medications.
ventilation. - **P - Past medical history:** Note previous medical
- Look for signs of respiratory distress and conditions.
manage accordingly. - **L - Last meal:** Time of last oral intake.
- **E - Events/Environment:** Circumstances of the injury.
- **C - Circulation with Hemorrhage
Control** #### 3. **Definitive Care and Transfer**
- **"Circulate, stop the bleed."** - **"Definitive plan, transfer if you can."**
- Assess circulation and control any - Develop a plan for definitive care.
bleeding. - Prepare for transfer to a higher-level facility if needed.
- Establish IV access and start fluid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
resuscitation if needed. Mnemonics for Quick Recall
1. **Primary Survey (ABCDE) Mnemonic:**
- **D - Disability (Neurological Status)** - **A:** Airway clear, C-spine here.
- **"Disability check: AVPU or GCS."** - **B:** Breath sounds, chest rounds.
- Perform a quick neurological assessment. - **C:** Circulate, stop the bleed.
- Use AVPU or Glasgow Coma Scale for - **D:** Disability check: AVPU or GCS.
responsiveness. - **E:** Expose to find, keep warm in mind.
- **E - Exposure/Environmental Control** 2. **Secondary Survey + History (AMPLE) Mnemonic:**
- **"Expose to find, keep warm in mind."** - **H:** Head-to-Toe, don't miss the show.
- Fully expose the patient to check for - **A:** Allergies
hidden injuries. - **M:** Medications
- Prevent hypothermia by covering the - **P:** Past medical history
patient afterward. - **L:** Last meal
- **E:** Events/Environment
[Link] Care and Transfer Mnemonic:**
- **D:** Definitive plan, transfer if you can.
### Summary Outline:
- **Primary Survey: ABCDE**
- Airway clear, C-spine here.
- Breath sounds, chest rounds.
- Circulate, stop the bleed.
- Disability check: AVPU or GCS.
- Expose to find, keep warm in mind.
- **Secondary Survey + HISTORY: Head-to-
Toe + AMPLE**
- Head-to-Toe, don't miss the show.
- AMPLE history tells the story.
- **Definitive Care and Transfer:**
- Definitive plan, transfer if you can
