Emergency Provisions

Part 18

Articles 352-360
 Emergency Provisions

Article Article Article

352 356 360

mentioned Proclamation failure of the financial

in the of emergency constitutional emergency
constitution machinery

national President’s
Popular
emergency Rule
Name
 Proclamation of Emergency/
National Emergency

Article 352

war or external aggression or armed

rebellion

Cabinet
 Communication in writing

President

The whole of India or any part thereof

Declare a Proclamation of Emergency

within a special
Parliament
month majority

Majority of the total membership and two-

thirds of the members present and voting
(approval)
 6 Month

Re-approval by parliament

6 - 6 month period (Continue in force)

 House of people if dissolved

within a month of dissolution

Council of State approves

Reconstitution of House of People

within 30 days

Must be approved by the House of People

 End of Emergency

a. President

Subsequent Proclamation

Can revoke at any time

 b. Parliament

Do not approve within a month

Parliament

Do not re-approve after 6 months

c. House of People simple majority

Resolution passed
 President

Total number of members of Lok Sabha 1/10

 Written notice

Speaker President

Within 14 days

Calls a special sitting of the House of People

Effect of proclamation of emergency

a. Executive Power

Article 353(a)

Executive Power of the State

Under the Executive

Power of the Union

 b. Legislative power

Article 250

Parliament

Subjects of state list

can make laws

at the end of the proclamation

Expires after 6 months

 Article 83

Emergency Proclamation

Parliament

Tenure of House of People

Can extend one year at a time

Normal Situation

Can extend up to 6 months

 Financial Effect

Article 354

Enforcement of emergency proclamation

President

between the Union and the States

revenue distribution

change or modification provisions

Orders are laid before Parliament

 Impact on fundamental rights

Article 358

On the basis of war or external aggression

Proclamation of Emergency

Article 19 right to freedom

Automatically Suspended

44 Constitution Amendment Act, 1978

(Substituted)
 Article 359

President

Proclamation of emergency is in effect

Except Article 20 & 21

Right to move any Court for

enforcement of fundamental rights

Shall remain suspended

44th Constitutional Amendment, 1978

(Substituted)
 Proclamation of emergency
three times now

i. 1962-1968 = External aggression (China)

ii. 1971-1977 = External aggression

(Pakistan)
iii. 1975-1977 = Internal Disturbance
Amendment of Constitution
 In case of failure of Constitutional
Machinery in of State

Article 356(1)

President

Receipt of report from Governor

Government of State can’t be carried on

in accordance with provisions of
Constitution

President Rule
 Article 365

directions given in exercise of executive

power of Union

State failed to comply

President

Government of the State cannot be

carried on in accordance with
provisions of Constitution
 Article 356(2)

Proclamation of President Rule

Can be revoked

Can be varied

by subsequent proclamation
 Article 355

Duty of Union

Protect Every State against external

aggression and internal disturbance

Ensure that Government State is carried

on in accordance with provisions of this
Constitution
Failure of Constitutional machinery in State

President

Proclamation by President

2 Months House of Simple

Parliament Majority

Majority of members present & voting

(Approved)

6 Months

Re approval by Parliament

6 - 6 Month = 3 Year
 Article 356(5)

President’s Rule/Proclamation

Beyond 1 year

i. Proclamation is in operation
ii. Election Commission

To hold general election

is difficult

44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978

(Substituted)
 Dissolution of House of People

During such period of 2 months

Approved by Council of State

Reconstitution of House of People

Within 30 days

Approval of Continuance by House of People

Effect of President’s Rule/Proclamation

Executive Power

Article 356(1)

i. President

All or any functions of Government of State

and all or any powers of Governor or

Body or authority

Assume to himself

Other than Legislature Power of State

 ii. Powers of Legislature of State

Exercisable by or under authority of

Parliament
 Legislative Power

Article 357

President declared

The Legislative powers of the State

Legislature

Exercisable under authority of

Parliament
i. Parliament

Legislative powers of the State

Legislature

Conferred on President

President can authorise

Delegation of power to any other

authority
ii. Parliament, President or other
Authority

upon Union or officers and

authorities

Confer powers

Impose duties
 iii. House of people not in Session

President in reference to Consolidated

fund of State

Authorise expenditure
 Till Now

• Article 356 has been enforced 128

Times
• Maximum times imposed- Manipur
(10 Times)
2nd – U.P. (9 Times)

• First time imposed in - Punjab

• Impose for a period of more than 3
years- Punjab
• In Rajasthan it has been imposed for
4 times

• 1967 1977
• 1980 1992
 Financial Emergency

Article 360

President

India or any part of its territory

If financial stability or credit is in crisis

Declare financial Emergency

proclamation to this effect
2 months Parliament Simple Majority

Majority of Members present and voting

(Approved)

Indefinite period

44th Constitutional Amendment Act,

1978 (Substituted)
 Dissolution of House of People

Within 2 months dissolution

Approved by Council of State

Re-Constitution of House of People

Within 30 days

Resolution approved by the House of people

 Terminate /Revoke

President by Proclamation
 Effect of Proclamation

Union(by President)

Financial matters of the State

Directions necessary and adequate

Necessary for each state to follow

 Service under the State
Service under the Union
Supreme Court, High Court

All class of Persons

Directions for reduction of salaries and

allowances
 Bills passed by Legislature of State

Money Bill or financial Bill

Reserved for Consideration of President

 Emergency

Act. 352 Act. 356 Act. 360

Proclamation Failure of Financial

of Emergency Constitutional Emergency
Machinery

Mentioned in
Constitution

National Presidents Rule/ State

Emergency
Emergency

Popular Name Not

Mentioned in Constitution
 Proclamation of National Emergency  jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh mn~?kks"k.kk
National emergency is declared by jk"Vªh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk vuqPNsn&352
the President under Article 352. ds rgr~ jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tkrh gSA tc
Whenever the President is satisfied dHkh jk"Vªifr dks ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS
that there exists a grave emergency
in which the security of India or any
fd dksbZ ,sl xEHkhj vkikr fo|eku gS
part thereof is endangered by reason ftlesa] ;q) (war) ;k ckgkz vkØe.k
of war or external aggression or (External aggession) ;k l’kL= fonzksg
armed rebellion, he may declare a (Armed Rebellion) ds dkj.k Hkkjr ;k
national emergency in relation to the mlds fdlh Hkkx dh lqj{kk ladV esa gS rks
whole of India or any part there of.
og lEIkw.kZ Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds
lEcU/k esa jk"Vªh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk dj
ldrk gS
 If the President believes that the  ;fn jk"Vªifr dks ;g fo’okl gks tkrk gS
danger of war or external aggression fd ;q) ;k ckgkz vkØe.k ;k l’kL= fonzksg
or armed rebellion is imminent, he
can proclaim emergency, that is, the
dk ladV lfédVV gS rks og vkikr dh
proclamation of emergency can be mn~?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ vkikr dh
made even before the actual mn~?kks"k.kk ;q) ;k ckgkz vkØe.k ;k l’kL=
occurrence of war or external fonzksg ds okkLro esa ?kfVr gksus ds iwoZ Hkh
aggression or armed rebellion. dh tk ldrh gS ¼44 osa lafo/ku la’kks/ku
(as amended by the 44th
Constitutional Amendment Act-
vf/kfu;e&1978 }kjk ;Fkk la’kksf/kr½A
1978). It is noteworthy that the /;krO; gS fd jk"Vªifr vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk
President declares emergency only rHkh djrk gS] tcfd eaf=e.My bl vk’k;
when the Cabinet gives him 'written ds ^fofu’p; dh fyf[kr lwpuk^ mls nsrk
notice of its decision' to this effect. gSA
 The President can vary or revoke a  jk"Vªifr vius }kjk tkjh mn~?kks"k.kk dks
proclamation issued by him by a fdlh i’pkr~orhZ mn~?kks"k.kk (Subsequent
subsequent proclamation. Article
Proclamation) }kjk ifjofrZr (varied)
352(2). It is noteworthy that to
change the proclamation, written dj ldrk gS ;k okil (revoked) ys
notice of the Cabinet is necessary, ldrk gSA vuqPNsn 352¼2½A /;krO; gS fd
but to withdraw it, written notice of mn~?kks"k.kk dks ifjofrZr djus ds fy,
the Cabinet is not necessary. eaf=e.My dh fyf[kr lwpuk vko’;d gS]
fdUrq mls okil ysus ds fy, eaf=e.My dh
fyf[kr lwpuk vko’;d ugha gSA
 It is noteworthy that the President  mYys[kuh; gS fd jk"Vªifr dks fHkUu&fHkUu
has the power to issue different vk/kkjksa ;Fkkk; ;q) ;k ckg~; vkØe.k ;k
proclamations on different grounds,
l’kL= fonzksg ds vk/kk ij vFkok ;q) ;k
such as on the basis of war or
external aggression or armed ckgkzk vkØe.k ;k l’kL= fonzksg ds vklUu
rebellion or on the basis of imminent ladV ds vk/kkj ij fHkUu&fHkUu mn~?kks"k.kk;sa
threat of war or external aggression tkjh djus dh 'kfDr izkIr gSA jk"Vªifr dks
or armed rebellion. This power has ;g 'kfDr 38osa lafo/kku la’kks/ku vf/kfu;e
been given to the President by the
1975 }kjk iznku dh x;h gSA blds fy,
38th Constitutional Amendment Act
1975. For this, clause (9) has been vuqPNsn 352 esas [k.M¼9½ tksM+k x;k gSA
added to Article 352.

 The provision of clause (9) was  lafo/kku la’kks/ku }kjk [k.M ¼9½ ds izko/kku
inserted with retrospective effect by dks Hkwry{kh izHkko ls (Retrospectively)
constitutional amendment. vUr%LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
 Approval of Proclamation  mn~?kks"k.kk dk vuqeksnu
Every proclamation made by the jk"Vªifr }kjk dh xbZ izR;sd mn~?kks"k.kk
President (except the proclamation ¼flok; okil ysus dh mn~?kks"k.kk ds½ laln
of withdrawal) must be placed
before both Houses of Parliament for
ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k vuqeksnu ds fy,
approval. If both houses do not j[kk tkuk pkfg,A ;fn nksuksa lnu
approve the proclamation within a mn~?kks"k.kk dks ,d ekg ds Hkhrj vuqeksfnr
month, the proclamation ugha djrs gSa] rks mn~?kks"k.kk Lor% lekIr gks
automatically expires. tkrh gSA
But if the proclamation is made at the fdUrq ;fn mn~?kks"k.kk ml le; dh tkrh
time when the Lok Sabha is dissolved or gS] tc yksdlHkk fo?kfVr gks ;k ,d ekg
during the period when it is dissolved
and it is approved by the Rajya Sabha, it
ds nkSjku mldk fo?kVu gks tkrk gS vkSj
shall be ratified by the Lok Sabha within jkT;lHkk }kjk mls vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k
30 days from the first sitting of the Lok gks rks yksdlHkk ds iquxZBu ds ckn gksus
Sabha after its reconstitution. Must be okyh izFke cSBd ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj mls
approved, otherwise it will not be in yksdlHkk }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tkuk pkfg,]
force. The resolution approving the
Proclamation is passed by each House
vU;Fkk og izorZu esa ugha jgsxhA mn~?kks"k.kk
by a majority of its total membership ds vuqeksnu dk ladYi] izR;sd lnu }kjk
and a two-thirds (2/3) majority of the viuh dqy lnL; la[;k ds cgqer rFkk
members present and voting. This is mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds
known as special majority ratified nks frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
approved
bls fo’ks"k cgqer Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
 Period of Proclamation  mn~?kks"k.kk dh vof/k

Once approved, the proclamation of ,d ckj vuqeksfnr gks tkus ij vkikr dh

emergency remains in force for 6 mn~?kks"k.kk 6 ekg rd izorZu esa jgrh gSA
months. To continue it beyond 6 mls 6 ekg ls vkxs tkjh j[kus ds fy,
months, re-approval is required by
both the Houses of the Parliament
laln ds nksuksa lnuksa }kjk iqu% vuqeksnu
and each time a resolution vko’;d gS vkSj laln ds nksuksa lnuksa }kjk
approving the continuation of the ftruh ckj mn~?kks"k.k dks tkjh j[kus dk
Proclamation is passed by both the vuqeksnu djus okyk ladYi ikfjr fd;k
Houses of the Parliament, the tkrk gS mruh ckj] 6ekg dh vof/k ds fy,
Proclamation remains in operation
for a period of 6 months. It that is,
mn~?kks"k.kk izorZu esa cuh jgrh gS] vFkkZr~
once approved by the Parliament, laln }kjk vuqeksfnr gks tkus ij mn~?kks"k.kk
the proclamation continues for a 6&6 ekg dh vof/k ds fy, vkxs tkjh
further period of 6 months. jgrh gSA
 Revocation of Proclamation  mn~?kks"k.kk dh okilh
The President can revoke the vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk dks jk"Vªifr
proclamation of emergency at any ^Ik’pkr~orhZ mn~?kks"k.kk^ (Subsequent
time by ‘subsequent proclamation’. It
is noteworthy that the withdrawal Proclamation) }kjk dHkh Hkh okil ys
proclamation does not require ldrk gSA /;krO; gS fd okil ysus okyh
approval by the Parliament. If the mn~?kks"k.kk dk laln }kjk vuqeksnu
House of People passes a resolution vko’;d ugha gSA ;fn yksdlHkk lk/kkj.k
to withdraw the proclamation by a cgqer ls mn~?kks"k.kk okil djus dk ladYi
simple majority, the President is
bound to revoke the proclamation. ikfjr dj nsrh gS] rks jk"Vªifr mn~?kks"k.kk
dks okil ysus ds fy, ck/; gksrk gSA
If 1/10th of the total number of ;fn yksdlHkk dh dqy lnL; la[;k 1@10
members of the Lok Sabha submit Hkkx lnL;ksa }kjk vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk dks
written notice to the Speaker (while
the Lok Sabha is in session) of their
okil ysus okys ladYi dks izLrkfor djus
intention to propose a resolution ds vk’k; dh fyf[kr lwpuk (i) v/;{k dks
withdrawing the emergency ¼tcfd yksdlHkk l= esa gks½A (ii) jk"Vªifr
proclamation. (ii) To the President dks ¼tcfd yksdlHkk l= esa u gks½A nh
(when the Lok Sabha is not in tkrh gS rks ;Fkk&fLFkfr v/;{k ;k jk"Vªifr
session). If given, the Speaker or the
President, as the case may be, calls a
,slh lwpuk dh izkfIr ls 14 fnu ds Hkhrj
special meeting of the Lok Sabha for ladYi o fopkj ds fy, yksdlHkk dh fo’ks"k
resolution and consideration within cSBd cqykrk gSA ¼vuqPNsn&352¼8½½
14 days of receipt of such
information. (Article-352(8))
 Effect of Proclamation  mn~?kks"k.kk dk izHkko
Proclamation of national emergency jk"Vªh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk dk v/kksfyf[kr
has the following effects. Such as- izHkko gksrk gSA ;Fkk&
• In case of emergency, the • vkikr fLFkfr esa jkT;ksa dh dk;Zikfydk
executive power of the states 'kfDr dsUnzh; dk;Zikfydk ds v/khu
works under the Central dk;Z djrh gSA vuqPNsn 353¼d½
Executive. Article 353(a)
• The legislative power of Parliament • laln dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr dk foLrkj gks
gets expanded. It can make laws on tkrk gSA og jkT;lwph ds fdlh Hkh fo"k;
any subject in the State List. It is
ij dkuwu cuk ldrh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd
noteworthy that during this period
the power of the State Legislature to bl nkSjku jkT; fo/kku e.My ds fof/k
make laws does not end, it only gets cukus dh 'kfDr lekIr ugha gksrh] dsoy
suspended. A law made by the fuyfEcr gks tkrh gSA laln }kjk cukbZ
Parliament expires after 6 months if x;h fof/k mn~?kks"k.kk ds izorZu esa u jgus
the proclamation is not in force
ij 6 ekg ckn lekIr gks tkrh gS (vuqPNsn
(Article 250).
250).
• During the enforcement of the • vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk ds izorZu ds nkSjku
emergency proclamation, the jk"Vªifr dks ;g 'kfDr izkIr gksrh gS fd og
President gets the power to order
changes or modifications in the
la?k vkSj jkT;ksa ds e/; jktLo forj.k ls
provisions related to revenue lEcfU/kr micU/kksa ¼vuqPNsn 268&279½ esa
distribution between the Union and ifjorZu ;k :ikUrj.k dk vkns’k dj nsA
the States (Articles 268-279). (Article ¼vuqPNsn 354½A ,sls vkns’k dks laln ds
354). Such an order is placed before nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[kk tkrk gSA
both the Houses of Parliament.
• According to Article 358, when the • vuqPNsn 358 ds vuqlkj tc ;q) ;k ckg~;
proclamation of emergency made on
vkØe.k ds vk/kkj ij dh xbZ vkikr dh
the basis of war or external aggression
is in force, the right to freedom mn~?kks"k.kk izorZu esa gks rks vuqPNsn 19 }kjk
granted by Article 19 is automatically iznÙk Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj Lor% fuyfEcr gks
suspended. tkrk gSA
• It is noteworthy that if the • KkrO; gS fd ;fn vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk
proclamation of emergency is made l’kL= fonzksg ds vk/kkj ij dh xbZ gks] rks
on the basis of armed rebellion, then
vuqPNsn 19 }kjk iznÙk ewy vf/kdkj fuyafcr
the fundamental rights granted by
Article 19 (as amended by the 44th ugha gksrs gS]a ¼44 osa lafo/kku la’kks/ku }kjk
Constitutional Amendment) are not ;Fkk la’kksf/kr½A
suspended.
• Under Article 359, the President has • vuqPNsn 359 ds rgr~ jk"Vªifr dks ewy
been given the power to suspend the vf/kdkjksa ds izofrZr djkus ds vf/kdkj dks
right to enforce fundamental rights.
fuyfEcr djus dh 'kfDr nh xbZ gSA
• While the Proclamation of • tc vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk izorZu esa gks rks
Emergency is in operation, the laln dks ;g vf/kdkj gksrk gS fd og ,d
Parliament has the power to extend
the tenure of the House of People for
ckj esa ,d o"kZ ds fy, yksdlHkk ds
one year at a time, but this extension dk;Zdky dks c<+k nsa] fdURkq bldk foLrkj
will not be for more than 6 months vkikr dky ds izorZu esa u jgus ij 6 ekg
while the Emergency is not in ls vf/kd vof/k rd ugha gksxk] ¼vuqPNsn
operation. (Article 83). 83½A
• During the period of emergency, the • vkikr ds ykxw jgus ij laln fdlh jkT;
Parliament can pass a resolution to essa jk"Vªifr 'kklu dh vof/k 1 o"kZ ls
extend the period of President's rule
in a state by more than 1 year (up to
vf/kd ¼vf/kdre 3 o"kZ rd½ c<+kus ds fy,
a maximum of 3 years), if the ladYi ikfjr dj ldrh gS] ;fn fuokZpu
Election Commission certifies that vk;ksx ;g izekf.kr dj nsrk gS fd fuokZpu
due to difficulty when election, it is esa dfBukbZ ds dkj.k ^jk"Vªifr 'kklu^ dk
necessary to 'President's rule' has c<+k;k tkuk vko’;d gSA
been imposed.
• National emergency has been • vc rd rhu ckj jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh
declared thrice so far ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS&
i. 1962–1967: Based on external i. 1962–1967: ckg~; vkØe.k ds vk/kkj
aggression (Chinese aggression) ij ¼phuh vkØe.k½

ii. 1971–1977: Based on external ii. 1971–1977: ckg~; vkØe.k ds vk/kkj

aggression (Pakistani aggression) ij ¼ikfdLrkuh vkØe.k½

iii. 1975–1977: vkarfjd v’kkafr ds

iii. 1975–1977: Based on internal
disturbance vk/kkj ij
 Amendment in Emergency
vkikr mica/kks esa la’kks/ku
Provisions

• 44th Constitutional Amendment and • 44th ok¡ lafo/kku la’kks/ku vkSj vuqPNsn
Article. 352 352
i. The word armed rebellion was i. vkUrfjd v’kkfUr ds LFkku ij l’kL=
used in place of internal
disturbance.
fonzksg 'kCn j[kk x;kA
ii. The President was given the ii. ;q)] ckg~; vkØe.k ;k l’kL= fonzksg ds
power to proclaim emergency on vklUu ladV imminent danger ds
the basis of imminent danger of vk/kkj ij vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk dh 'kfDr
war, external aggression or jk"Vªifr dks fn;k x;k
armed rebellion.

iii. For emergency proclamation, it iii. vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk ds fy, eaf=e.My ds

was necessary to give written fofu’p; dh fyf[kr lwpuk jk"Vªifr dks
information about the Cabinet's fn;k tkuk vko’;d fd;k x;kA
decision to the President.
iv. The Proclamation was required to be iv. mn~?kks"k.kk dks 1 ekg ds Hkhrj laln ds
passed by both the Houses of nksuksa lnuksa }kjk fo’ks"k cgqer ls ikfjr
Parliament with a special majority
within one month. (Earlier the
fd;k tkuk vko’;d fd;k x;kA ¼blds
proclamation could be passed by iwoZ mn~?kks"k.kk 2 ekg ds Hkhrj lk/kkj.k
simple majority within 2 months). cgqer ls ikfjr dh tk ldrh FkhA½

v. Once approved by the Parliament, v. ,d ckn laln }kjk vueksfnr mn~?kks"k.kk

the Proclamation shall remain in ek= 6 ekg rd izorZu esa jgsxhA vkxs tkjh
force of for 6 months. To continue
the proclamation re-approval is
j[kus ds fy, iqu% vuqeksnu vko’;d gksxk]
required. [Earlier once approval was ¼blds iwoZ ,d ck vuqeksfnr gks tkus ij
granted then the proclamation shall vfuf’pr dky rd izorZu esa jg ldrh
remain in force till an indefinite FkhA½
time]
vi. It was provided that if the Lok Sabha vi. ;g izko/kku fd;k x;k fd ;fn yksdlHkk
passes a resolution withdrawing the lk/kkj.k cgqer ls mn~?kks"k.kk dks okil
Proclamation by a simple majority,
the President will be bound to
ysus dk ladYi ikfjr dj nsrh gS] rks
withdraw it. jk"Vªifr mls okil ysus ds fy, ck/;
gksxkA
vii. If 1/10th members of the House of
People give written notice with vii. ;fn yksdlHkk ds 1@10 Hkkx lnL;
signatures to the Speaker or the gLrk{kj lfgr fyf[kr lwpuk v/;{k ;k
President, then within 14 days a jk"Vªifr dks nsrs gSa rks 14 fnu ds Hkhrj
provision was made to call a special muds }kjk mn~?kks"k.kk dks okil ysus ds
meeting of the House of People to
consider the withdrawal of the
lEcU/k esa fopkj ds fy, yksdlHkk dh
proclamation. fo’ks"k cSBd cqykus dk izko/kku fd;k x;kA
• 44th Constitutional Amendment and • 44oka¡ lafo/kku la’kks/ku rFkk vuqPNsn 358 o
Articles 358 and 359 359
i. The fundamental rights granted
i. vuqPNsn 19 }kjk iznÙk ewy vf/kdkj
by Article 19 will be suspended
only at the time of emergency dsoy ;q) ;k ckg~; vkØe.k ds vk/kkj
declared on the grounds of war or ij ?kksf"kr vkikr ds le; gh fuyfEcr
external aggression and not at the gkssaxs] l’kL= fonzksg ds vk/kkj ij ?kksf"kr
time of emergency declared on vkikr ds le; ugha (Article 358).
the grounds of armed rebellion
(Article 358).
ii. During an emergency, the protection ii. vkikr ds nkSjku vuqPNsn 358 dk laj{k.k
of Article 358 will be available only dsoy mu fof/k;ksa dks izkIr gksxk] ftlesa
to those laws, which mention that
they are related to the emergency
bl ckr dk mYys[k gksxk fd os vkikr ls
and to those executive acts which lEcfU/kr gS rFkk mu dk;Zikfydh; d`R;ksa
have been done under such laws, and dks gksxk tks ,slh fof/k;ksa ds v/khu fd;s
not to other laws or acts, (Article x;s gSa] vU; fof/k;ksa ;k d`R;ksa dks ugha]
358(2). ¼vuqPNsn 358¼2½A

iii. Articles 20 and 21 were taken out of iii. vuqPNsn 20 rFkk 21 dks jk"Vªifr }kjk
the power of the President to vkikr ds nkSjku Hkh fuyafEcr djus dh
suspend them even during 'kfDr ls ckgj dj fn;k x;k] ¼vuqPNsn
emergency (Article 359). 359).
iv. The protection of Article 359 will iv. vuqPNsn 359 dk laj{k.k Hkh vkikr ds
also be available during emergency nkSjku dsoy mUgha fof/k;ksa dks izkIr gksxk]
only to those laws which mention
that they are related to emergency
ftuesa bl ckr dk mYys[k gksxk fd os
and those executive acts which have vkikr ls lEcfU/kr gS rFkk mu
been done under such laws, not to dk;Zikfydh; d`R;ksa dks izkIr gksxk tks ,slh
other laws or acts. fof/k;ksa ds v/khu fd;s x;s gS]a vU; fof/k;ksa
;k d`R;ksa dks ughA
• 42nd Constitutional Amendment and • 42 ok¡ lafo/kku la’kks/ku vkSj vuqPNsn 352
Article 352 i. vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk ^lEiw.kZ Hkkjr^ ;k
i. Proclamation of emergency can
be made ‘in relation to the whole
mlds fdlh Hkkx ds lEcU/k esa fd;k tk
of India or any part thereof’. ldsxkA blds iwoZ bldk izHkko lEiw.kZ
Before this, it had an impact on ns’k ij gksrk FkkA
the entire country.
ii. A provision was also made to ii. mn~?kks"k.kk dks ifjofrZr (varied) djus
modify (varied) the proclamation, dk Hkh izko/kku fd;k x;k] ftlls fd
so that the emergency could be
mu LFkkuksa ls tgka lq/kkj gks jgk gS]
removed from those places where
improvement is taking place and vkikr dks gVk;k tk lds rFkk vU;
could be allowed to remain in LFkkuksa ij cusa jgus fn;k tk ldsA
place at other places.
• By the 38th Constitutional • 38osa lafo/kku la’kks/ku ¼1975½ }kjk jk"Vªifr
Amendment (1975), the President dks fHkUu&fHkUu vk/kkjksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu
has been given the right to issue
different proclamations on different
mn~?kks"k.kk;sa tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj fn;k
grounds. x;k gSA
 President's rule in states jkT;ksa esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu
The proclamation issued by the jkT;ksa esa laoS/kkfud ra= constitutional
President under Article 356 when the
machinery ds foQy gks tkus ij jk"Vªifr
constitutional machinery in the states
fails is called 'President's Rule' in }kjk vuqPNsn 356 ds rgr~ tkjh dh tkus okyh
common parlance. This is another type mn~?kks"k.kk dks vke cksy&pky dh Hkk"kk esa
of emergency provision, although the jk"Vªifr 'kklu dgk tkrk gSA ;g nwljs izdkj
word ‘emergency’ has not been used for dk vkikr micU/k gS] ;|fi lafo/kku esa blds
it in the Constitution.
fy, ^vkikr^ 'kCn dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;k
gSA
Duty of union with regard to Security of jkT;ksa dh lqj{kk la?k dk dÙkZO;
State
vuqPNsn 355 ds rgr la?k ij jkT;ksa ds lEcU/k
Under Article 355, the following two
duties have been imposed on the Union
esa fuEu nks dÙkZO; vf/kjksfir fd;k x;k gSA
in relation to the States. That is ;Fkk&
i. To protect every state from internal i. izR;sd jkT; dh vkUrfjd v’kkfUr rFkk
disturbance and external aggression, ckg~; vkØe.k ls lqj{kk dh] rFkk
and

ii. To ensure that the government of ii. izR;sd jkT; dh ljdkj dks lafo/kku ds
every State is carried on in micU/kkas ds vuqlkj pyk;k tkuk lqfuf’pr
accordance with the provisions of djus dhA
the Constitution.
Sarvanand Sone Lal vs. Union of India
lokZuUn lksus yky cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼2005½
(2005)

In this case, the Supreme Court held bl ekeys esa mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk fd
that ‘aggression’ has a broad meaning. ^vkØe.k^ dk O;kid vFkZ gSA blesa ;q) lfgr
This includes war and many other acts, vU; dbZ d`R; lfEefyr gS ;Fkk&vle esa voS/k
such as illegal entry of Bangladeshis ckaXyknsf’k;ksa dk izos’k] ogk¡ cluk] ernkrk
into Assam, settling there, becoming
cuuk rFkk ukSdfj;k¡ ikuk] vle ij vkØe.k
voters and getting jobs, is an attack on
Assam. gSA
 Proclamation of President's rule jk"Vªifr 'kklu dh mn~?kks"k.kk

The proclamation of President's rule is jk"Vªifr 'kklu dh mn~?kks"k.kk vuPNsn 356¼1½

issued under Article 356(1). According ds rgr tkjh dh tkrh gSA blds vuqlkj ;fn
to this, if the President, after receiving a jk"Vªifr dks fdlh jkT; ds jkT;iky ls
report from the Governor of a State or
otherwise, is satisfied that the
izfrosnu feyus ij ;k vU;Fkk] ;g lek/kku gks
governance of that State cannot be run tkrk gS fd ml jkT; dk 'kklu laoS/kkfud
in accordance with the constitutional izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj ugha pyk;k tk ldrk gS]
provisions, then he can proclaim rks og ml jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu dh
President's Rule in that State. mn~?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA
Article 365 states that when a State fails vuqPNsn 365 esa dgk x;k gS fd tc dksbZ
to comply with any direction given by jkT;] la?k dh dk;Zikfydk }kjk fd;s x;s
the Executive of the Union, the
President may satisfy that the
fdlh funsZ’k ds vuqikyu esa vlQy jgrk gS]
Government of that State cannot be rks jk"Vªifr ;g lek/kku dj ldrk gS fd ml
carried on in accordance with the jkT; dk 'kklu lafo/kku ds izko/kkuksa ds
provisions of the Constitution. A vuqlkj ugha pyk;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr
proclamation of President's rule can be 'kklu dh mn~?kks"k.kk dks fdlh i’pkrorhZ
revoked or varied by a subsequent
proclamation. Article 356(2)
mn~?kks"k.kk }kjk okil fy;k tk ldrk gS ;k
mlesa ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gSA vuqPNsn
356¼2½
 Approval of Proclamation mn~?kks"k.kk dk vuqeksnu
Every proclamation issued under vuqPNsn 356 ds v/khu tkjh izR;sd mn~?kks"k.kk
Article 356 is laid before both the
Houses of Parliament. It has to be
laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[kh tkrh gSA
passed by each House within two mls izR;sd lnu }kjk] mifLFkr vkSj ernku
months by a majority of the members djus okys lnL;ksa ds cgqer ¼lk/kkj.k cgqer½
present and voting (simple majority). ls nks ekg ds Hkhrj ikfjr djuk gksrk gSA
Otherwise it automatically ceases to be vU;Fkk og Lor% lekIr gks tkrh gSA
in force.
If the Proclamation is made at the time ;fn mn~?kks"k.kk ml le; dh tkrh gS] tcfd
when the House of people has been yksdlHkk dk fo?kVu gks x;k gS ;k yksdlHkk
dissolved or the dissolution of the
House of people takes place within two
dk fo?kVu mn~?kks"k.kk dk vuqeksnu fd;s fcuk
months without the approval of the nks ekg ds Hkhrj gks tkrk gS vkSj mls jkT;lHkk
Proclamation and it has been approved }kjk vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k gks rks ,slh
by the Council of States, then such mn~?kks"k.kk dks yksdlHkk ds iquxZBu ds i’pkr~
Proclamation shall be issued after the mldh izFke cSBd ls rhl ¼30½ fnu ds Hkhrj
reconstitution of the House of people.
Must be approved within thirty (30)
vuqeksfnr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk og 30
days of the first meeting, otherwise it fnu dh lekfIr ij izorZu esa ugha jgsxhA
will cease to be in force at the
expiration of the 30 days.
 Proclamation period mn~?kks"k.kk dh vof/k
The proclamation of President's rule jk"Vªifr 'kklu dh mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh fd;s tkus
remains in force for two months from
the date of its issue, but if both Houses
dh frfFk ls nks ekg rd izorZu esa jgrh gS]
of the Parliament approve it by simple fdUrq ;fn laln ds nksuksa lnu bls lk/kkj.k
majority within two months, then such cgqer ls nks ekg ds Hkhrj vuqeksfnr dj nsrs
proclamation remains in force 'for 6 gSa rks ,slh mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh fd;s tkus dh frfFk
months from the date of its issue'. ls 6 ekg rd izorZu esa jgrh gSA ;fn mls
Remains in force. If it is to continue
further, it should be passed again by
vkxs Hkh tkjh j[kuk gks rks mls iqu% laln ds
both the Houses of Parliament. nksuksa lnuksa }kjk ikfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
With the re-approval of the Parliament, laln ds iqu% vuqeksnu ls mn~?kks"k.kk dh vof/k
the duration of the proclamation can be 6&6 ekg c<+k;h tk ldrh gS] fdUrq mls fdlh
extended by 6 months, but in any case it
cannot be kept in force for more than 3
Hkh n’kk esa 3 o"kZ ls vf/kd vof/k rd izorZu esa
years. Therefore, the maximum period ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA vr% jk"Vªifr 'kklu
of President's rule can be up to 3 years. dh vf/kdre vof/k 3 o"kZ rd gks ldrh gSA
But for continuation of President's rule ijUrq 1 o"kZ ls vf/kd vof/k rd jk"Vªifr
for a period of more than 1 year, a 'kklu dks tkjh j[kus ds fy,] laln }kjk
resolution can be passed by the
Parliament only if both the following
ladYi rHkh ikfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS tcfd
conditions are fulfilled. That is v/kksfyf[kr fuEu nksuksa 'krsZa iwjh gksrh gSA ;Fkk&
i. a proclamation of emergency is in i. vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk ¼lEiw.kZ Hkkjr ;k
force (throughout India or any part mlds fdlh Hkkx esa½ izorZu esa gks] vkSj
thereof), and
ii. fuokZpu vk;ksx ;g izekf.kr dj ns fd
ii. The Election Commission should
certify that due to difficulty in jkT; esa pquko djkus esa dfBukbZ ds dkj.k
holding elections in the state, it is jk"Vªifr 'kklu dks tkjh j[kuk vko’;d
necessary to continue President's gSA vuqPNsn 356 ¼5½
rule. Article 356(5)

It is noteworthy that both the above mYys[kuh; gS fd mDr nksuksa 'krsZa 44 osa
conditions have been replaced by the lafo/kku la’kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1978 }kjk
44th Constitutional Amendment Act, izfrLFkkfir x;h gSA
1978.
 Effect of Proclamation mn~?kks"k.kk dk izHkko
When the President issues a tc jk"Vªifr fdlh jkT; esa vuqPNsn 356¼1½ ds
proclamation under Article 356(1) in a
state, then he can do the following
rgr~ mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh djrk gS] rc og
through the proclamation. As mn~?kks"k.kk }kjk fuEufyf[kr dk;Z dj ldrk
gSA ;Fkk&

i. may take over all or any of the i. ml jkT; ljdkj ds lHkh ;k dksbZ d`R;
functions of the Government of that vius gkFk esa ys ldrk gS rFkk mu 'kfDr;ksa
State and may also take into his
hands those powers which are
dks Hkh vius gkFk esa ys ldrk gS tks ml
vested in the Governor of that State jkT; ds jkT;iky ;k fdlh fudk; ;k
or any body or authority, but he may izkf/kdkjh esa fufgr gS] fdUrq jkT;
not take into his hands any power fo/kkue.My esa fufgr fdlh 'kfDr dks og
vested in the State Legislature. vius gkFk esa ugha ys ldrk gSA
ii. It may declare that the powers of the ii. ;g ?kksf"kr dj ldrk gS fd jkT;
State Legislature shall be exercised fo/kkue.My dh 'kfDr;k¡ laln }kjk ;k
by or under the authority of
Parliament.
mlds izkf/kdkj ds v/khu iz;ksx dh tk;saxhA
 Exercise of Legislative Powers fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx
According to Article 357, when the vuqPNsn 357 ds vuqlkj tc jk"Vªifr ;g
President declares that the legislative
powers of the State Legislature shall be
?kksf"kr dj nsrk gS fd jkT; fo/kkue.My dh
exercised by or under the authority of fo/kk;h 'kfDr;k¡ laln }kjk ;k mlds izkf/kdkj
the Parliament, then ds v/khu iz;ksx dh tk;sxh] rc&

i. The Parliament will be competent to i. laln bl ckr ds fy, l{ke gksxk fd og

confer the legislative powers of the jkT; fo/kkue.My dh fo/kk;h 'kfDr;k¡]
State Legislature on the President
and authorize the President to
jk"Vªifr dks iznku dj ns rFkk jk"Vªifr dks
delegate this power of legislation to blds fy, izkf/kd`r dj ns fd og fo/kk;u
any other authority. dh ;g 'kfDr fdlh vU; izkf/kdkjh dks
izR;k;ksftr dj ldrk gSA
ii. Parliament, the President or such ii. laln]jk"Vªifr ;k ,sls vU; izkf/kdkjh fof/k
other authority shall be competent }kjk] la?k ;k mlds izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks 'kfDr
by law to confer powers or impose
duties on the Union or its
iznku djus ;k mu ij dÙkZO; vf/kjksfir
authorities. djus ds fy, l{ke gksaxsA

iii. When the Lok Sabha is not in iii. yksdlHkk ds l= esa u jgus ij jk"Vªifr
session, the President can jkT; dh lafpr fuf/k ls O;; dks izkf/kd`r
authorize expenditure from the dj ldrk gSA
Consolidated Fund of the State.
• It is noteworthy that the law made by • mYys[kuh; gS fd jkT; fo/kkue.My dh
the Parliament in the exercise of the 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx esa laln jk"Vªifr ;k vU;
powers of the State Legislature, the
President or any other authority,
izkf/kdkjh }kjk cuk;h x;h fof/k mn~?kks"k.kk
remains in force even if the ds izorZu esa u jgus ij Hkh rc rd izo`Ùk
proclamation is not in force until it is cuh jgrh gS tc rd fd fo/kkue.My ;k
changed, repealed or amended by vU; izkf/kdkjh }kjk mldk ifjorZu] fujlu
the Legislature or any other ;k la’kks/ku ugha dj fn;k tkrk gSA
authority.
 Yet vc rd
• Till now Article 356 has been used • vc rd 128 ckj vuqPNsn& 356 dk iz;ksx
128 times. gks pqdk gSA
• Its most frequently used - in Manipur
(10 Time)
• bldk lokZf/kd ckj iz;ksx- ef.kiqj esa
(10 Time)

2nd Uttarpradesh (9 Time) 2nd mÙkjizns’k essa (9 ckj)

• its first use - Punjab • bldk lcls igys iz;ksx – iatkc esa
• Use for more than 3 years- Punjab • 3 o"kZ ls vf/kd le; rd iz;ksx& iatkc esa
• It has been used 4 times so far in • jktLFkku esa vc rd 4 ckj bldk iz;ksx
Rajasthan
• 1967 1977
gqvk gS&
• 1980 1992 • 1967 1977
• 1980 1992
S.R.Bommai vs. Union of India, 1994 ,l- vkj- cksEebZ cuke Hkkjr la?k] 1994
This case is a major case on judicial ;g okn jkT;ksa esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu ds U;kf;d
review of President's rule in the states.
In this case, the 9-member Constitution
iqufoZyksdu ij ,d izeq[k okn gSA bl okn esa
Bench of the Supreme Court has mPpre U;k;ky; dh 9 lnL;h; lafo/kku ihB
prescribed some criteria regarding the us jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw djus ds lEcU/k esa dqN
implementation of President's rule, ekun.M fofgr fd;k gS ftudk ikyu djuk
which is necessary for the Central dsUnz ljdkj ds fy, vko’;d gS ;Fkk&
Government to follow, such as
• Under Article 356, the power of the • vuqPNsn 356 ds v/khu jk"Vªifr }kjk fdlh
President to impose President's rule jkT; esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw djus vkSj
in a state and dissolve the Legislative
Assembly is 'conditional' and not
fo/kku lHkk ds Hkax djus dh 'kfDr ^l’krZ^
unlimited. gS] vlhfer ughaA

• The President has to show that • jk"Vªifr dks ;g fn[kkuk gksxk fd vuqPNsn
circumstances existed under Article 356¼1½ ds v/khu os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vfLrRo esa
356(1) on the basis of which the Fkh ftlds vk/kkj ij jk"Vªifr us dk;Zokgh
President has taken action. In other
words, the failure of the
dh gSA nwljs 'kCnkas esa laoS/kkfud ra= dh
constitutional system should be on foQyrk ;FkkFkZ esa gksuh pkfg, u fd
real and not imaginary grounds. dfYir vk/kkjksa ijA

• President's rule cannot be imposed • jk"Vªifr 'kklu jkT;iky dh fyf[kr fjiksVZ

without a written report from the ds fcuk ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Governor.
• ‘Secularism’ is the ‘basic structure’ of • ^iaFk fujis{krk^ Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk
the Indian Constitution and if any ^vk/kkjHkwr <k¡pk^ gS vkSj ;fn dksbZ ljdkj
government acts against its ideals
then Article 356 can be used.
mlds vkn’kksZa ds fo:) dk;Z djrh gS rks
ogk¡ vuqPNsn 356 dk iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

• If President's rule is imposed out of • ;fn dsoy jktuhfrd vk/kkjksa ij nqHkkZouk

malicious intent only on political ls izsfjr gksdj jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw fd;k
grounds, the Court can revive the tkrk gS rks U;k;ky; fo/kku lHkk dks
Legislative Assembly. iqu%thfor dj ldrk gSA
• Imposing President's rule and • jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw djuk vkSj fo/kkulHkk
dissolving the Assembly cannot be dks Hkax djuk nksuksa ,d lkFk ugha fd;k tk
done simultaneously. The President
can dissolve the Assembly only after
ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr laln }kjk mn~?kks"k.kk ds
the proclamation is approved by the vuqeksfnr fd, tkus ds i’pkr~ gh
Parliament. Until such approval is fo/kkulHkk dks Hkax dj ldrk gSA tc rd
obtained the President can only ,slk vuqeksnu ugha gks tkrk gS jk"Vªifr
suspend the Legislative Assembly. fo/kkulHkk dks dsoy fuyfEcr dj ldrk
gSA
• The Supreme Court and the High • mPpre U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky;
Court can compel the Central dsUnzh; ljdkj dks vuqPNsn 74¼2½ ds
Government, despite Article 74(2), to
disclose the material on the basis of
ckotwn ml lkexzh dks crkus ds fy, ck/;
which the Union Council of Ministers dj ldrk gS ftlds vk/kk ij fdlh jkT;
advises the President to impose esa jk"Vªifr 'kklu ykxw djus dk ijke’kZ
President's rule in a state. ‘Content’ dsUnzh; eaf=ifj"kn jk"Vªifr dks nsrk gSA
is not part of the consultation. ^lkexzh^ ijke’kZ dk Hkkx ugha gSA vr%
Therefore the court can investigate
it.
U;k;ky; mldh tk¡p dj ldrk gSA
 Financial Emergency foÙkh; vkikr

Under Article 360, the President can vuqPNsn 360 ds rgr jk"Vªifr foÙkh; vkikr
proclaim financial emergency if he is
satisfied that a situation has arisen in
dh mn~?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gS] ;fn mldks ;g
which the financial stability or credit of lek/kku gks tk;s fd ,slh fLFkfr mRiUu gks xbZ
India or any part thereof is in danger. It gS] ftlls fd Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dk
is noteworthy that here the President's foÙkh; LFkkf;Ro vFkok lk[k (Financial
resolution means the resolution of the stability or credit) ladV esa gSA mYys[kuh;
Union Cabinet. Therefore, the President
declares financial emergency only on
gS fd ;gk¡ jk"Vªifr ds lek/kku ls rkRi;Z
the advice of the Union Cabinet. But dsUnzh; eaf=e.My ds lek/kku ls gSA vr%
written advice of the Cabinet is not jk"Vªifr dsUnzh; eaf=e.My dh lykg ij gh
necessary for this. foÙkh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk djrk gSA fdUrq
blds fy, eaf=e.My dh fyf[kr lykg
vko’;d ugha gSA
 44th Constitutional Amendment and 44 ok¡ lafo/kku la’kks/ku o vuqPNsn 360
Article 360
Lka’kksf/kr izko/kku ds vuqlkj foÙkh; vkikr
According to the amended provision,
financial emergency can remain in
laln }kjk vuqeksfnr gksus ds i’pkr~ vfuf’pr
effect indefinitely after being approved dky rd izHkkoh jg ldrh gS tcfd vuqPNsn
by the Parliament, whereas the 352 ds v/khu ?kksf"kr vkikr dk 6&6 ekg ij
emergency declared under Article 352 laln }kjk vuqeksnu vko’;d gksrk gSA
requires approval by the Parliament
every 6 months.
 Proclamation Period mn~?kks"k.kk dh vof/k
A proclamation of financial emergency foÙkh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk laln ds vuqeksnu
remains in force for two months
without the approval of Parliament. But
ds fcuk nks ekg rd izorZu esa jgrh gSA fdUrq
if the Parliament approves the ;fn laln lk/kkj.k cgqer ls nks ekg ds iwoZ
proclamation before two months by a mn~?kks"k.kk dks vuqeksfnr dj nsrh gS rks og
simple majority, it will remain in force vfuf’pr dky rd izorZu esa cuh jgsxhA
indefinitely. It is noteworthy that for mYys[kuh; gS fd foÙkh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk
continuation of the proclamation of
financial emergency, its repeated
dks tkjh j[kus ds fy,] mldk ckj&ckj
approval is not necessary. vuqeksnu vko’;d ugha gSA
If the Lok Sabha is dissolved at the time ;fn vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk ds le; yksdlHkk
of the proclamation of emergency or, if fo?kfVr gks ;k] 2 ekg dh vof/k esa mldk
it is dissolved within a period of 2
months and the resolution is approved
fo?kVu gks tkrk gS vkSj ladYi jkT;lHkk }kjk
by the Rajya Sabha but is not ratified by vuqeksfnr gks tkrk gS] fdUrq yksdlHkk }kjk
the Lok Sabha, the proclamation shall vuqeksnu ugha gksrk gS] rks mn~?kks"k.kk ml
be effective from the date on which the rkjh[k ls ] tc ubZ yksdlHkk cSBrh gS] 30 fnu
new Lok Sabha sits, It will cease to be in dh lekfIr ij izorZu esa ugha jgsxh] tc rd
force on the expiry of 30 days unless a
resolution approving the Proclamation
fd bl vof/k ds Hkhrj mn~?kks"k.kk ds vuqeksnu
is passed by the Lok Sabha within this dk ladYi yksdlHkk }kjk ikfjr ugha gks tkrk
period. gSA

The President may at any time jk"Vªifr mn~?kks"k.kk dks fdlh i’pkr~orhZ
withdraw or alter the Proclamation by a mn~?kks"k.kk }kjk dHkh Hkh okil ys ldrk gS ;k
subsequent Proclamation. ifjofrZr dj ldrk gSA
 Effect of Proclamation mn~?kks"k.kk dk izHkko
During the imposition of financial foÙkh; vkikrdky ykxw gksus ds nkSjku la?k dh
emergency, the executive power of the dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dk foLrkj gks tkrk gS vkSj
Union expands and the Center can send
dsUnz jkT; dks foÙkh; ekeyksa esa vko’;d fn’kk
necessary directions (through the
President) to the states in financial funsZ’k ¼jk"Vªifr ds }kjk½ Hkst ldrk gS]
matters, compliance with which will be ftldk vuqikyu izR;sd jkT;ksa ds fy;s
mandatory for each state. Following are vfuok;Z gksxkA foÙkh; vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk ds
the charges of financial emergency v/kksfyf[kr izHkkj gSA ;Fkk&
proclamation. That is
• The salaries and allowances of all or • fdlh jkT; ds v/khu lsok djus okys lHkh
any class of persons serving under a ;k fdlh oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa ds osru ,ao HkÙkksa
state can be reduced.
esa deh dh tk ldrh gSA

• The salaries and allowances of any or • la?k ds v/khu lsok djus okys fdlh ;k
all persons serving under the Union lHkh O;fDr;ksa ¼ftlds vUrxZr mPpre
(including judges of the Supreme
Court and High Courts) may be
U;k;ky; vkSj mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh’k
reduced. Hkh gSA½ ds osru ,oa HkÙkksa esa deh dh tk
ldrh gSA

• Provision may be made for reserving • jkT; fo/kkue.My }kjk ikfjr /ku fo/ks;d
Money Bills and Finance Bills passed vkSj foÙk fo/ks;dksa dks jk"Vªifr ds fopkj ds
by the State Legislature for the fy, vkjf{kr fd;s tkus dk izko/kku fd;k
consideration of the President.
tk ldrk gSA
 Indira Nehru Gandhi vs. Raj Narayan bafnjk usg: xk¡/kh cuke jkt ukjk;.k@mÙkj
State of Uttar Pradesh vs. Raj Narayan izns’k jkT; cuke jkt ukjk;.k
(1975 AIR 865, 1975 SCR (3) 333)
(1975 AIR 865, 1975 SCR (3) 333)
• This was a case decided by the • ;g bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fu.khZr
Allahabad High Court in which the ,d dsl Fkk ftlesa Hkkjr dh rRdkyhu
then Prime Minister of India Indira
iz/kkuea=h bafnjk xka/kh dks pqukoh dnkpkj dk
Gandhi was found guilty of electoral
malpractices. This case was filed in
nks"kh ik;k x;k FkkA ;g dsl lu~ 1975 esa
1975 by Rajnarayan who had lost the jktukjk;.k }kjk nk;j fd;k x;k Fkk tks
elections to Indira Gandhi. Justice pquko esa bafnjk xka/kh ls gkj x;s FksA U;k;ewfrZ
Jagmohanlal Sinha, in his historic txeksguyky flUgk us vius ,sfrgkfld
decision, declared Mrs. Gandhi's
fu.kZ; esa Jherh xka/kh dh thr dks voS/k
victory illegal and barred her from
contesting elections for 6 years.
djkj fn;k vkSj mUgsa 6 o"kZ ds fy;s pquko
yM+us ls jksd yxk nhA
• This decision created a political • bl fu.kZ; ls Hkkjr esa ,d jktuhfrd
crisis in India and Indira Gandhi ladV [kMk gks x;k vkSj bfUnjk xka/kh us
declared a state of emergency which
vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh tks 1975 ls
lasted from 1975 to 1977.
1977 rd jgkA
• Note:- Free and fair elections and • Note:- Lora= vkSj fu"i{k pquko vkSj
judicial review were considered the U;kf;d iqujoyksdu ewy Hkwr <kapk ekuk
basic structure of Constitution.
x;kA
T H A N K

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