Math Formulas

Sets Percentages
Percentage increase = actual charge
x100
Original change
Simple Interest=PRT
100
n
Compound interest=P(1+R)
100
P=principle , R=rate of interest ,T=period of time

Speed, distance, time

Speed=Distance
Time
Average speed=Total distance
Total time
• Unit of speed : km/h or m/s
Factorization • Unit of distance : km or m
• Common factors • Units of time : hr or sec
3x + 6x
Quadratic factorization
3x(x+2)
• Difference of two squares General equation :
25-xZ Ax + bx +c=0
(5+x)(5-x) Quadratic formula :
• Group factorization -b± b2 -4ac
x=
4d + ac + ad + 4c 2a
4(d+c) + a(c+d) Standardized form :
(4+a)(c+d) Y= axz+ bx +c
Complete square form :
Y=(x+a) +b
 Linear Programming Using differentiation
Dy
~For strict inequalities (<,>) use gives you the gradient of the
Dx
broken line (Doted line) curve at any point in terms of x
~ for non strict inequalities(<,>) When y=xn, Dy =nxn-1
See
use solid line (Bold line) Dx
Steps to solve Stationary/turning point : Dy =0
• Interpret y= mx + c Dx
• Draw straight line graph Maximum point : Dy <0
• Shade Dx
• Solve Minimum point : Dy : >0
Dx
Sequences
an=a+(n-1)d
Tn =anz +bn + c
0g
Tn=an3 + bna z+ cn +d
see
a+b+c=
3a+b=
Distance time graph
2a=
a+b+c+d=
7a+3b+c=
12a+2b =
• From O to A :uniform speed 6a=
Variation
• From B to C :Uniform speed
Direct variation : y is proportional
• From A to B : stationery (speed =0)
to x
I Y α x. Y=kx
Inverse variation : y is inversely
my proportional to x
one edderseeeeederseia Y α 1. Y=k
 Speed time graph Similarity
AAA ( Angle-Angle-Angle)rule:
All the corresponding angles of the
triangle must be equal
• From O to A : uniform speed
• From A to B : constant speed
• From B to C : uniform speed
Congruence
Quadrilateral SSS(Slide-Slide-Slide)rule:
• Rectangle All the three sides of the triangles
Opposite sides parallel/equal must be equal
All the angles are 90degree
Diagonals bisect each other
• Parallelogram
Opposite sides parallel/equal SAS(Side-Angle-Side)rule:
Opposite angles equal 1. There must be an angle and
Diagonals bisect each other a side present
• Rhombus 2. The angle of the adjacent
A parallelogram with all sides equal sides must be equal
Opposite angles equal 3. The two sides of the triangle
Diagonals bisect each other must be equal
• Trapezium
one pair of side parallel
• Kite
two pairs of adjacent sides equal ASA(Angle-Side-Angle)rule:
Diagonals are perpendicular to each The sides adjacent to the equal
other angles must be of the same length
 Symmetry Polygons
Line of symmetry : divides a 2 Sum of all angles at a point =
dimensional shape into 2 identical 360°
shapes Angles on a straight line = 180°
Plane of symmetry : divides 3 Sum of all angles in a triangle =
dimensional shape into Z identical 180°
solid shape For regular polygons
• External angles=360°
n
• Internal angles =180°-360°
n
For irregular polygons
Sum of exterior angles =360°
Sum of interior angles =
Me 180(n-2)

Mensuration
Area
• Parallelogram=b x h or
abSIN
• Triangle= 1 b x h
2
• Trapezium=1(a x b)h
• Circle=~r z
• Sector=~rzx0
360°
 Circle Theorem
Volume and surface area
• Cuboid
Angle at the center
Surface area= 2lw+2hl+2hw
sees equal twice angle on
Volume=h l w
circumference
• Cylinder
Curved surface area=2~r z Angle subtended by
P
p
P the same arc at the
Volume=~ri zh

• Cone circumference are

Curved surface area =~rl equal
too p
Volume= 1 (~r h) Angles in
3 A semicircleare 90º
o
addderessage
• Sphere
Surface area=4~rz B
Volume=4~r Opposite angles in a
3 A c cyclic quadrilateral

• Hemisphere = 180º
i
Surface area=2~rz
Volume= 2~r A Tangent from one
3 point are equal.
Coordinate geometry Between tangent
Graphs B and radius is 90°
Gradient of a straight line :
Y-Y Angle opposite to
Gradient = Xz - X1
2 1 the angle on the
circumference is
Equation of line :
Y= mx + c
equal
Midpoint of graph:
(x+x
1 2 , y+y
1 2)
2 2
 Length between 2 points Bearing
Z Z
(X-X)
1
2 + (Y-Y)
1
Z The bearing of a point B from
another point A is :
Sketching graph
Angle measured from the north At
A
In a clockwise direction
Written as three figure number
assessments e e e I Eg. the bearing of B from A is
050
β
[Link]

A
Phytagoras theorem
Sin and Cosine rules
To find hypotenuse
Sin rule:
az+ bz=c z
a= b =c
to find one of the shorter sides Sin a Sin b Sin c
az = cz- bz
Cosine rule
bz= cz - az
To find the angles given 3 sides
Ratios Cos a =bz+ cz- az
Right angled triangle 2bc
Sin x= OPP To find side given angle and 2
HYP sides
Cos x=ADJ z z + cz-2bcCosA
a=b
HYP
Tan x=OPP
ADJ
SOH CAH TOA
 Functions. Probability
• Sin(x) = Sin(180-x) Probability is the study chance, or the
likelihood of an event happening
Probability = number of favorable outcomes
Total number of outcomes
• If probability =0, event is impossibe
seasons
• If probability =1, event is certain to happen
• All the probabilities lie between 0 and 1
Transformation
• Cos(x) = Cos(360–x) Reflection (M):
When describing a reflection, the
position of the mirror line is essential
Rotation(R)
To describe a rotation, centre of

do
Sin and cosine shifted by 90° µ
rotation, the angle of rotation and the
direction of rotation are required
A clockwise rotation is negative and an
Sin has x intercept at multiple 180°, cosine anti clockwise rotation is positive
at. (90 + multiples of 180) Translation (T)
• Tan(x)=tan(180+x) When describing a translation, it is
necessary to give the translation vector
Enlargement (E)
To describe an enlargement, state the
scale factor,K and the centre of
enlargement
Scale factor = length of image
Goes infinity at 90°, 270°, 450°,... length of object
 Statistics Cumulative frequency
Mean= sum of values • Cumulative frequency is the total
Number of values
frequency up to a given point
Median • Interquartile range
• The middle value of the data =upper quartile- lower quartile
• Odd no. of values=n+1
2
100
• Even no. of values= n 75
Upper quartile

2
Mode 50
Median

Most frequently occurring value 25

Lower quartile

Range
Q1I Q2 Q3
• Difference between highest value
and lowest value Box and whisker plots
Estimated mean of group data Construction
Workout midpoints of each group and • Find median and 2 quartiles
multiply wit frequency • Draw 3 lines of equal width
Divide by number of values along these values
• Complete the boxes
Pie chart • Draw “whiskers” extending
Sectors represent data, and these from the box to the
sectors form a circle maximum and minimum
Angle of sector = number of item x360° values, draw 2 more lines at
Total number of items
the end
Minimum 1st quantile 3rd quartile
Median Maximum

50° 90°
25°
45°
30° 120°
 Stem and leaf diagram Sca er diagrams
• Stem ad leaf diagram is a quick way of • Display the correlation
summarizing a range of data between 2 sets of day
• There is a column known as stem, • May have positive, negative
contains which contains unique elements or no correlation
of data formed by removing last digits
of data and
• Keys are used in this diagram

Histogram
Histogram: displays frequency of either
continuous or grouped discrete data in the
form of bars
• Bars are joined together and maybe of
varying width
• Frequency of data is represented by the
area of the bar and not height
• When class internals are different, area
of the bar represents the frequency, not
height
• Frequency density plotted on y axis not
frequency
• Class width = interval
• Frequency density = height
• Frequency=class width X frequency
density