Student Name: ______________________________

Student Number: ______________________________

Teacher’s Name: ______________________________

2023 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE TRIAL EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 1
________________
General
Instructions:
•
Reading Time – 10 mins
•
Working time – 2 hours
•
Write using black pen
•
Calculators approved by NESA may be used
•
A reference sheet is provided on a separate document
•
For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical
reasoning and/or calculations
________________
___

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 1–6)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 7–12)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Section I

10 Marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10 (1 mark for each question)
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-10

1. Given that cos 1 a b where b is an obtuse angle, which of the following could the
value sin 1 a ?

8
A.
5

3
B.
5
3
C.
5

D.
5

2. The polynomial P x has a degree 6 . When P x is divided by another polynomial

Q x the remainder is x 3 1.

Which of the following is true about the degree of the polynomial

2
H x P x Q x ?

A. The degree could be 10, 11 or 12.

B. The degree could be 18, 20, 22 or 24

C. The degree could be 20, 22 or 24.

D. The degree could be 22, 24, 26.

1
 3. The diagram shows y f x .
y

Which of the following is the graph of y f x ?

y
A. y B.

y
C. D.
y
o

x
x

2
4. The diagram shows the graph of a function.

2 1
x
0

Which pair of parametric equations represents this function ?

A. x t 1 and y 3t t 3 , where 1 t 2.

B. x t 1 and y 3t t 3 , where 1 t 2.

C. x t 1 and y 3t t 3 , where 1 t 2.

D. x t 1 and y 3t t 3 , where 1 t 2.

5. The numbers 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 40 are written on separate cards and placed in a
bag.

What is the smallest number of cards we need to take from the bag to make sure we get
at least one pair of numbers that have a product of 80?

A. 6

B. 7

C. 4

D. 5

3
6. The diagram shows the graph of h x which is the product of the functions
f x and g x .

h x f x g x y

Which of the following is the best option to represent the graphs of two functions
f x and g x ?

y y
A. B.

x
0
x
0

y
C. y D.

x
0
x
0

4
7. Which of the following options could be part of the graphical solution to the
dy 1
differential equation ?
dx 4sin y cos y

y y
A. B.

x
0

x
0

C. y D. y

x
0

x
0

2
8. The length of the projection of vector p 2 ln x i 3ln x j , where ln x is a positive

32
integer, on to q 5 i 12 j is . What is the value of p ?
13

A. 5

B. 10

C. 13

D. 15

5
9. The magnitudes of two vectors p and q are 3 and 2 respectively.

2
The angle between these two vectors is such that .
3 3

Which of the following is the correct range of values for p q ?

A. 7 p q 19

B. 7 p q 13

C. 7 p q 19

D. 7 p q 13

10 . A one-to-one function g x has domain x 0 and range y 0.

1
g x passes through the origin and its inverse function is g x .
a
3 2
Given that g 1
x x dx a and g 1
x x for 0 x a ,
0
2
1
g a

what is the value of g x dx ?

0

1
A. ag a 2a 2

1
B. ag a 2a 2

1 3 2
C. ag a a
2

1 3 2
D. ag a a
2

6
Section II
60 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section.

Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Start a new Writing Booklet.

10
4 2
(a) Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of x . 2
x

1
(b) Solve the inequality 1. 3
x 3

(c) The polynomial P x 3 x3 a x 2 8 x b has x 2 as a root of 2

multiplicity 2.
Find the values of a and b .

(d) Use the substitution u tan x x to find tan 2 x tan x x dx . 3

(e) In a large city, the probability that a person has red hair is 0.18. 2
Let p̂ be the random variable that represents the sample proportion of red haired
people from a sample of size n , drawn from the city.

Assuming that sample proportion is approximately normally distributed,

what is the smallest value of n such that the standard deviation of p̂ is
less than or equal to 0.07?

(f) Consider the vectors a i 2 j and b xi yj where x and y are real. 3

It is known that b is perpendicular to a and b 2 5.

Find the possible values of x and y.

End of Question 11

7
Question 12 (15 marks) Start a new Writing Booklet.

dy 2x y
(a) Consider the differential equation . 2
dx x3 y 3

Draw the correct slopes of the direction field at the points A 0, 2 ,

B 1, 2 and C 1,1 .

(b) A firework is projected from the point A(0, 10) with initial velocity of
magnitude V m s-1 at an angle to the horizontal.

Before reaching its maximum height, the firework explodes at a point B.

The time taken to reach B was 2 seconds.
Its velocity at B is 34 ms-1 where its path makes an angle with the horizontal
8
such that tan .
15
The vector position of the firework is given by r (Vt cos ) i (10 Vt sin 5t 2 ) j .

(i) Show that V sin 36 . 3

(ii) Find V, the magnitude of the initial velocity, and the size of the angle 2
of projection .

1 x 2
(c) The gradient of the tangent to the curve g x sin at the point A 3
b
b 2
with x coordinate is .
2 3
Find the value of b .

(d) There are n dancers in a performing arts academy. 2

The trainer is to select a group of two or three of these dancers to perform in
a certain concert.
The number of different groups of three dancers he can select is 3 times the
number of different groups of two dancers.

Find n the number dancers in the performing arts academy.

(e) 3
9n 3
22 n 2
is divisible by 5.

End of Question 12

8
Question 13 (15 marks) Start a new Writing Booklet.

(a) Consider the part of the curve with equation x a cos by, where y 2 and
a 0 and b are constants.
A vase is made by rotating this part of the curve about the y -axis as shown below.

x a cos by

NOT TO
SCALE

x
0

(i) Find the value of b . 1

2
(ii) Given that the exact volume of the vase is 19 cubic units, find the value of a. 2

(b) A juice company sells 375 mL juice bottles. 3

The product manager of the juice company claims that “75% of their juice bottles
contain more than 375mL”.

During a routine check the director of the factory checked 18 bottles and found
9 of them contained less than 375mL.
Assuming that the claim of the product manager is correct, the director used the
Normal approximation to the binomial distribution to calculate for a random sample
of 18 the probability P of having at least 9 bottles containing less than 375mL.

Find the value the value of P and explain why this method might not be valid.
You may use the information on page 13 to answer this question.

Question 13 continues on page 10

9
(c) Consider the monic polynomial g x with degree 3 and roots , and . 3

It is given that g '' 20 and g '' 2 2 2

164 .

Find the value of .

(d) The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC. 3

The base BC is produced to D such that CD = BC.

E and F are points on AB and AC respectively such that

AE k 1 u , EB 2u , AF 2k 1 v and FC v.
A

NOT TO
SCALE

E
F

B C D

Given that EF p ED , find the value of the scalar quantity p .

(e) The function f x is defined in the domain x e and its derivative is 3

f x x ln x x 1.
1
Show that f x has an inverse function f x in the domain x e.

End of Question 13

10
Question 14 (15 marks) Start a new Writing Booklet.

dy
(a) Consider the differential equation e x 1 e x sec y . 3
dx
Find the particular solution of this equation given that it passes through
the origin.

(b) The diagram shows two tanks P and Q connected by a small valve.

NOT TO
SCALE

cm

cm
2 cm
cm 2 cm

Initially, tank P is full of liquid and tank Q is empty.

At time t 0 , the small valve opens and the liquid from tank P passes
into tank Q .
The height of liquid in tank Q increases at a rate proportional to
the difference in the heights of liquid in the two tanks.

At a time t , the level of liquid in tank Q is h cm.

dh
(i) Show that k H – 3h , where k is a positive constant. 2
dt

H 3 kt
(ii) By solving the given differential equation show that h 1 e . 2
3

(iii) After 4 seconds, the level of liquid in tank Q is h1 cm and 4

7
after 12 seconds is h2 cm. Given that h2 h1 , find in terms of H
4
the level of the liquid in tank Q after 16 seconds.

Question 14 continues on page 12

11
(c) In the triangle MNP shown in the diagram the points E , F and G are the 4
midpoints of MN , MP and NP respectively. M
M

NOT TO
E F SCALE
R

N P
G

Let MN n , MP p , NR x NF and PR y PE , where x and y are real numbers

between 0 and 1 .

By finding two expressions for MR , show that the medians PE , NF and MG are
concurrent and that R divides each median in the ratio 2:1.

End of paper

12
13
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS
Suggested Solution (s) Comments
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS

slope at B correct

slope at A and C both correct

either 1 or 2

correctly shown
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS

either P=0.71% or P=1.46%

2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS
2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS

either

correct progress and justification to this

or equivalent
 2023 Year 12 Mathematics X1 Trial Examination SOLUTIONS

and x = 2/3

either vector NF or NR in terms of vectors n and p

two expressions for vector MR