Advanced strategy to navigate lexical resources

Option 1: Basic Vocabulary Use – Good for when ideas are not well-developed and theme-related
words are not readily present.
Initial Sentence:
"People often choose jobs that are close to their homes."

Enhanced Version:
"Individuals frequently opt for employment opportunities within close proximity to their
residences."

[ADJ] + noun – educational system

[N] + noun – education system. -> the system of education

Detail of Improvement:
We replaced "people" with "individuals," which is a more formal term. "Often choose" has been
transformed to "frequently opt for," which is a less common and more academic collocation. "Jobs"
has been upgraded to "employment opportunities," and "close to" has been changed to "within
close proximity to," which is a more formal way of expressing the same idea. "Homes" has been
changed to "residences," which is also more formal.

Option 2: Using Less Common Vocabulary – Only use them when you are confident about the
usage as the band descriptor does penalize wrong use of uncommon lexical items
Initial Sentence:
"Big cities have many problems like pollution and traffic." -> City dwellers often face a lot of
issues when they live in large urban areas. For instance, the quality of air and water are badly affected
by pollution, while traffic congestions caused by large numbers of vehicles could waste people time
and money.

Enhanced Version:
"Megacities grapple with numerous challenges such as pervasive pollution and incessant traffic
congestion."

Detail of Improvement:
"Big cities" has been replaced with "megacities," which is a less common and more precise term.
"Have" has been replaced with "grapple with," which is a strong verb that conveys the struggle with
problems. The adjective "many" has been substituted with "numerous," which is more academic,
and "like" has been replaced with "such as," which is more appropriate for written English.
"Pollution" has been described with the adjective "pervasive," and "traffic" has been specified as
"incessant traffic congestion," both of which enhance the descriptiveness and specificity of the
issues.

Option 3: Improving Collocation Use – use words that are supposed to be in a cluster together
Initial Sentence:
"Children who watch too much television can become lazy and fat." -> Children who watch
televisions excessively could become physically passive, leading to many health issues and the
adoption of problematic lifestyles. For instance, their bodies may fail to burn up all of the intake
calories, leading to overweight, while their sedentary lifestyles could inhibit the development of their
social circles.

Enhanced Version:
"Juveniles exposed to excessive screen time may become lethargic and overweight."

Detail of Improvement:
"Children" has been changed to "juveniles," which is a more formal term. "Watch too much" has
been replaced with "exposed to excessive," which is a higher-level collocation. "Television" has been
broadened to "screen time" to include all types of screens, which is more current and relevant. "Can
become" has been substituted with "may become," which is less deterministic and more academic.
Finally, "lazy" and "fat" have been replaced with "lethargic" and "overweight," which are less
colloquial and more precise.

Op tion 4: Using Idiomatic Language Appropriately

Initial Sentence:
"Learning English is very important for getting a better job."

Enhanced Version:
"Acquiring proficiency in English is instrumental in securing a more prestigious employment
position."

Detail of Improvement:
"Learning" has been replaced with "acquiring proficiency," which is a more complex way of
expressing the process of learning. "Very important" has been replaced with "instrumental," which is
a stronger and more academic term. "Getting" has been upgraded to "securing," which is a more
formal term. "A better job" has been expanded to "a more prestigious employment position," which
uses more advanced vocabulary and makes the sentence sound more formal and precise.

Option 5: Demonstrating Nuance and Precision

Initial Sentence:
"Overeating can cause health problems."

Enhanced Version:
"Indulging in food beyond nutritional requirements can precipitate a plethora of health
complications."

Detail of Improvement:
"Overeating" has been replaced with "indulging in food beyond nutritional requirements," which
provides a precise explanation of overeating. "Can cause" has been replaced with "can precipitate,"
introducing a more formal and less common verb. Finally, "health problems" has been expanded to
"a plethora of health complications," which not only introduces a higher-level noun ("plethora") but
also uses a more precise term ("complications" instead of "problems").
Option 6: Using Advanced Vocabulary for Common Concepts
Initial Sentence:
"Many people are moving to cities looking for better opportunities." [ Explain what cities have ?
Explain what types of opportunities are available for people who migrate there?]
Cities attract people with the promise of enhanced prospects. Since these urban have offer job
opportunities, access to quality education and healthcare, as well as networking possibilities for
career advancement, they can be a safe haven for people with desires to improve their lives.
Many people, particularly young individuals, are tending to moving often prefer to migrate to cities since
big cities have a lot of opportunities. Thanks to a myriad of opportunities that they offer. These urban
areas, with their developed economy, could provide jobs that pay nicely and provide elusive perks. Also,
the large number of entertainment options can also be a factor that appeals young individuals.

for instance, big cities are the youngers’ choices because it has many job opportunities with high salaries
and better job compensation. Nevertheless, big cities also have various entertainment options which
attract the younger beside the countryside.

some individuals are moving to urban centers for their better opportunities. This may be caused by a
variety of reasons.(Some individuals are moving to urban centers due to several reasons, including
the offer of better opportunities). First, as cities generally are the places for large companies to settle,
they can help workers find jobs that pay more and have better benefits. Second, the existence of
many services, such as healthcare and entertainment, can give people a vision that their lives are
going to flourish better once they move to cities.
They can earn more money, helping increase their savings. The ability to save more money helps
people feel more secure in their lives, giving them comfort and mental stability.
Young people should (often) go to big cities to make money or change themselves (pursue
personal growths and accomplishments). As big cities are the places with many job
opportunities, famous universities, standard hospitals, and even factories, people can have more
options to improve their lives. Also, the better healthcare system at cities can also give people more
comfort in knowing that their health can be preserved and taken care of better.
... that's why. This is a place for young people to express their search for high-paying job
opportunities, to be exposed to modern medicine, and friendly and advanced people.
The megacity brings many convenient lifes and full amenitie for people. These places often have
very large population sizes, meaning that the demand for services is extraordinary. This means that
large companies often have their headquarters placed there, along with prestigious schools and
healthcare services. As a result, adults often move to large cities to find jobs, while students may
move there to pursue education. In addition, families with senior people may find cities appropriate
to live because older ones can have their health taken care of.
Along with high living standard and social welfare such as pension or tertiary education exemption,
these urban centers also provides modern and efficient healthcare system, ensuring the overall well-
being of its resident.
As urban areas often receive more funding from the government, they generally have better social
welfare and well-developed school systems. These prospects can help people who pursue long-term
stability and excellent educational options to improve their lives. In addition, the generally superior
healthcare systems, also stemmed from the accessibility to better national funding, can give residents
the assurance that their health can be taken care of better.

Regarding the employment, although the job market is proved to be competitive, the accessibility to
well-compensated positions in large companies is extremely high compared to countryside

Ever since the inception of rapid urbanization, there has been a tendency of the non-native
migrating to cities for seeking promising opportunities in many aspects ->

The tendency of people moving to large cities could be explained by the myriad of opportunities
that these highly urbanized areas offer.

The advent of rapid urbanization, manifested in the increasing number of individuals who want to
move to cities to live,

For instance, the inviduals can get multiply jobs from different fields suitable with their degree, or
the families can get high-quality health care by modern hospitals of health systems, or choose better
education for their children from international schools
A multitude of individuals are migrating to urban centers in pursuit of enhanced prospects. As many
international conglomerates often find big cities compatible to place their headquarters or /./
(often nest in big cities) are investing in big cities, it has become increasingly easy for urban dwellers
to seek employment opportunities, thereby enabling them to enhance their living conditions and
expand their social circles. For example, urban citizens in big economic hubs such as New York City
can earn a stable job compared to those living in the countryside. Therefore, it is true that peo
Therefore, it is true that people’s desire to migrate to metropolises stems from its abundant
employment opportunities

First of all, cities always offer many greater job opportunities than countries, because of this, many
people migrate to the cities in order to make living on a budget. Besides, there are lots of services in
the cities, they can use their money for many services such as: education, entertainment,
transportation,...

Enhanced Version:
"A multitude of individuals are migrating to urban centers in pursuit of enhanced prospects."

Detail of Improvement:
"Many people" has been replaced with "a multitude of individuals," which sounds more formal and
is less commonly used. "Moving to" has been changed to "migrating to," which is a more precise
term in this context and often used in academic discussions about demographics. "Cities" has been
upgraded to "urban centers," which is a more sophisticated and formal phrase. "Looking for" has
been replaced with "in pursuit of," which is an elegant way to describe searching or striving for
something, and "better opportunities" has been changed to "enhanced prospects," using more
advanced vocabulary.

Option 7: Employing Sophisticated Language for Describing Trends

Initial Sentence:
"More companies are allowing employees to work from home."

Enhanced Version:
"An increasing number of corporations are sanctioning telecommuting for their workforce."

Detail of Improvement:
"More companies" has been replaced with "An increasing number of corporations," which
quantifies the trend and uses a more formal term for companies. "Allowing" has been substituted
with "sanctioning," which is more formal and has a connotation of giving official permission.
"Employees to work from home" has been replaced with "telecommuting for their workforce,"
which uses a technical term ("telecommuting") and a formal term for employees ("workforce").

Option 8: Articulating Complex Ideas with Precision

Initial Sentence:
"Reading is good for improving your language skills."

Enhanced Version:
"Engaging in regular literary consumption is beneficial for the augmentation of one’s linguistic
capabilities."

Detail of Improvement:
"Reading" has been replaced with "Engaging in regular literary consumption," which is a more
detailed and sophisticated expression. "Good for" has been changed to "beneficial for," which is a
more formal equivalent. "Improving" has been upgraded to "augmentation of," introducing a less
common word that means to increase or enhance. "Your language skills" has been changed to "one’s
linguistic capabilities," which uses more formal vocabulary and avoids the second person ("your").

Option 9: Refining Language with Specificity and Collocation

Initial Sentence:
"Cars cause a lot of global warming."

Enhanced Version:
"Automobile emissions contribute substantially to the phenomenon of global warming."

Detail of Improvement:
"Cars" has been changed to "Automobile emissions," which specifies the aspect of cars that causes
the problem. "Cause a lot of" has been replaced with "contribute substantially to," which is a more
precise and academic way of expressing the degree of impact. "Global warming" has been left as is,
but the phrase "the phenomenon of" has been added to give the term more gravity.

Option 10: Illustrating Cause and Effect with Advanced Vocabulary

Initial Sentence:
"If you waste water, it can lead to shortages."

Enhanced Version:
"Profligate water consumption may precipitate acute scarcity of this vital resource."

Detail of Improvement:
"If you waste water" has been replaced with "Profligate water consumption," which uses an
advanced adjective ("profligate") to describe excessive use. "It can lead to" has been changed to
"may precipitate," which is a more academic way of indicating potential consequence. "Shortages"
has been expanded to "acute scarcity of this vital resource," which not only intensifies the severity of
the situation with "acute" but also emphasizes the importance of water by describing it as "this vital
resource."

Common topics and their vocabulary

1) Describing Economic Phenomena
Initial Sentence:
"Unemployment can cause poverty."

Enhanced Version:
"Elevated unemployment levels are frequently implicated in the exacerbation of impoverishment."

Detail of Improvement:
"Unemployment" has been specified as "elevated unemployment levels" to indicate an increase
rather than a static condition. "Can cause" has been replaced with "are frequently implicated in,"
which suggests a more complex relationship and is a more nuanced way of showing causation.
"Poverty" has been transformed into "the exacerbation of impoverishment," using a more academic
term and turning "poverty" into a process rather than a static state.

2) Discussing Technological Advancements

Initial Sentence:
"Smartphones have changed how we communicate."

Enhanced Version:
"Smartphones have revolutionized interpersonal communication dynamics."

Detail of Improvement:
"Have changed" has been replaced with "have revolutionized," which elevates the sentence by
suggesting a profound transformation. "How we communicate" has been expanded to
"interpersonal communication dynamics," which not only adds a technical aspect to the manner of
communication but also indicates a more analytical perspective on the effects of smartphones.

3) Exploring Environmental Initiatives

Initial Sentence:
"Planting trees is beneficial for the environment."

Enhanced Version:
"The cultivation of arboreal flora plays a pivotal role in environmental amelioration."

Detail of Improvement:
"Planting trees" has been specified as "The cultivation of arboreal flora," using scientific terminology
to give a more precise and formal tone. "Is beneficial for" has been replaced with "plays a pivotal
role in," which suggests that the action has a central and crucial effect. "The environment" has been
expanded to "environmental amelioration," which shifts from a general term to a process-focused
term indicating improvement.

4) Addressing Health and Diet

Initial Sentence:
"Eating vegetables is healthy."

Enhanced Version:
"The regular consumption of vegetables is integral to maintaining optimal health."

Detail of Improvement:
"Eating" has been changed to "The regular consumption of," which emphasizes consistent dietary
habits. "Is healthy" has been transformed into "is integral to maintaining optimal health," which not
only suggests that it is essential but also relates the action to the highest standard of health, rather
than a vague notion of being healthy.

5) Discussing Social Issues

Initial Sentence:
"Education is key to fighting poverty."

Enhanced Version:
"Access to quality education is paramount in combatting socioeconomic deprivation."

Detail of Improvement:
"Education" has been specified as "Access to quality education," which highlights not just education
in general, but the importance of its accessibility and quality. "Is key to" has been replaced with "is
paramount in," which elevates the importance of the action to the highest level. "Fighting poverty"
has been changed to "combatting socioeconomic deprivation," using more formal language and a
term that covers a wider range of economic issues.

6) Reflecting on Cultural Change

Initial Sentence:
"Movies can influence our culture."

Enhanced Version:
"Cinematic productions wield considerable influence over cultural paradigms."

Detail of Improvement:
"Movies" has been replaced with "cinematic productions," which is a more formal way of referring
to films. "Can influence" has been upgraded to "wield considerable influence over," which not only
shows the potential impact but emphasizes the strength and extent of this influence. "Our culture"
has been replaced with "cultural paradigms," which refers to more complex cultural patterns and
norms.
Another notable change is observed regarding the figure for Thailand. The proportion of urban
residents consistently stayed at a lower level compared to the Philippines and Malaysia, increasing
from just under 20% in 1970 to 30% in 2020. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of individual who
lived in this country and resided in urban areas was the smallest. Based on the prediction, it would
remain as the lowest, yet experiencing a large jump from 2030 to 2040, eventuall peaking at 50%.

Thailand – 5 minutes
The most remarkable feature of the chart is that the proportion of residents in Malaysia who lived in
urban areas was the highest in almost every years in the past, except for 1990, and would continue to
be the highest in the future. In 1970, this country and the Philippines had almost the same
proportion of urban residents, reaching just over 30%. Nevertheless, in 2020, about three-fourths of
its entire population lived in cities, and this percentage would be expected to expand to more than
80% in 2040.

Malaysia – 1970 – 30%

In 1970, 30% of citizens in Malaysia lived in urban areas.
In 1970, Malaysia had 30% of its entire population living in urban areas.
In 1970, the percentage/proportion/share of citizens living in Malaysia who resided in urban areas
was 30%.

INTRODUCTION – The line chart provides information about the percentages of individuals who
lived in four different nations and resided in urban areas from 1970 to 2020. The chart also give
predictions until 2040. Overall, this historical data indicates that the proportions of citizens residing
in metropolitan regions in all these countries had increased steadily, while the predictive statistics
indicate that these increasing patterns would have proliferated until 2040.
OVERVIEW – MAIN TRENDS/ MAIN DIFFERENCES (HISTORICAL/PREDICTIVE)
MAIN – MAIN FEATURES