Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter comprises research topics and case studies that define the relevance of the study to the

existing cases which could be used as the basis for the design, formulation and integration of design

theories and principles. It consists of data and discussions which are relevant to the present problem. This

will serve as a guide for the researcher to pursue the research value.

II.1 Research Topic I

Theme Park

It is a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for enjoyment of large

numbers of people. Amusement parks have a fixed location, as opposed to traveling funfairs and traveling

carnivals, and are more elaborate than simple city parks or playgrounds, usually providing attractions

meant to cater specially to certain age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all ages. Theme

parks, a specific type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately themed to a certain subject or

group of subjects then normal amusement parks. The terms theme park and amusement park are often

synonymous.

Theme park can be regarded as a distinct style of amusement park. A theme park has landscaping,

buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. They usually contain a

selection of different types of rides, along with shops, restaurants and other entertainment outlets.

II.1.A Theme Park Psychology

The psychology of architecture studies how architectural styles reflect the needs and preferences of

people and how different designs mold and shape behavior. A proper investigation of cultural, social and

personal needs of potential inmates is required before an acceptable design can be made. An effective

design should maximize freedom of behavior, mobility and flexibility.

5
II.1.B Environmental Psychology

Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field focused on the interplay between humans and their

surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social

settings, built environments, learning environment and information environment. Since its conception, the

field has been committed to development of the discipline that is both value oriented and problem

oriented, prioritizing research aiming at solving complex environmental problems in the pursuit of

individual well-being within a larger society. When solving problems involving human- environment

interactions, whether global or local, one must have a model of human nature that predicts the

environmental conditions under which humans will behave in a decent and creative manner. With such a

model one can design, manage, protect, and/or store environments that enhance reasonable behavior,

predict what the likely outcome will be when these conditions are not met, and diagnose problem

situations. The field develops human nature while retaining a board and inherently multidisciplinary

focus.

II.2 Research Topic II

II.2.A Landscaping

Landscaping is both science and art that requires good observation and design skills. Landscaper

understands the elements of nature and construction that blends them accordingly.

Activities that modify the visible features of an area land, including:

Human elements such as buildings, structures, fences or other material objects installed by humans.

Natural elements such as terrain shape, elevation or bodies of water and also landforms.

Living elements such as gardening, art and craft of growing plants that create an environmental

landscape.

6
II.2.B Important Features

Theme park attractions are expected to have an enjoyable experience for the visitors. Theme park has

some activities but also looking for other attributes of the attraction. Other features that were found to be

important for theme park visitors.

Cleanliness of the park

Scenery or surroundings

Control of line or queues

Fun atmosphere

Shows

II.2.C Culture Area

This section is the first stop when entering the Panay Cultural Theme park. This section will show the life

tradition and customs of Panay on how they live.

Ita tribe

The Ati or the Negrito are the first ethnic groups believed to be living in Panay Island. It will show the

life and customs of how they lived a long time ago.

Bornean

The story of the buying of Panay by ten datus coming from Borneo is told in the Maragtas, a

legendary account about the pre-Spanish Panay Island. This narrative tells us that about A.D. 1250, at

about the time Malaysia and Indonesia were dominated by the Hindu-Malay Empire of Sri-Vijaya, a cruel

sultan named Makatunaw ruled Borneo–or perhaps part of it. Because he was cruel, ten of his datus

decided to leave Borneo and seek their freedom and fortune beyond the sea

7
Spanish Colonial

The Spanish Colonial is modeled after the promenade with authentic gazebo structures and more. Antique

churches, official buildings, and residences, cobbled narrow streets, and horse-drawn carriages may all be

found in this interesting bit of Filipino/Spanish nostalgia.

Attractions

Hologram

A hologram is a physical structure that uses light

diffraction to make an image. The image can appear

three-dimensional, created with photographic projection.

A hologram is a freestanding image that does not

stimulate spatial depth or require a special viewing

device. Theoretically, holograms could someday be

transmitted electronically to a special display device in

home and in business.

Figure 1: Hologram

Festive Park

This section will feature the different festivals of Panay. It has a unique festival in the different areas of

Panay. It is a celebrating moment in history that defined identity, politics and locality. The festivities

only come as a texture instead of text in the whole exercise of the festival.

8
 Binirayan Festival

The festival is celebrated in Antique Province as a way to

commemorate the arrival of the ten Bornean Datus in

Hamtic town way back in the mid-19th century Borneo

region. The fascinating thing about Binirayan is that

contrary to popular belief, this event is held to honor the

Malay roots of locals in Antique.

Figure 2: Binirayan Festival

Ati-atihan Festival

The ati-atihan festival of Kalibo, Aklan. This fantastic

festival is the nation's biggest and best Mardi Gras, it most

likely dates back to the days of the Borneo settlers.

Described by its promoters as a mix of 'Catholic ritual,

social activity, indigenous drama and tourist attraction',

Figure 3: Ati-atihan Festival it's a weeklong street party raging from sunrise to

sundown, peaking on the third Sunday of January.

Manggahan Festival

This is celebrated in a long month to show their gratitude

and blessings they have for their land. Guimaras is an

independent province declared in the 22nd of May 1992

and through the years the success of this province were

attained because of the unity of the people. This

Figure 4: Manggahan Festival

9
Manggahan festival is a time for people to gather and fell their unity through great dances and cultural

activity. It is known to be the producing capital in the Philippines that has the most luscious and the

sweetest mangoes you could have. This event is done annually and they call this festival, “Manggahan

Festival” (Mangga local term for mango).

Dinagyang Festival

Dinagyang Festival is one of the biggest and world-class

festivals in the Philippines. It traces the history of

devotion to the Holy Child Jesus popularly known to

Filipino devotees as Sr. Sto. Nino. The festival also

commemorates the arrival of the Malay settlers and the

legendary bartering of Panay Island from the natives

called Ati.
Figure 5: Dinagyang Festival

Capiztahan Festival

The Capiztahan Festival is an annual celebration in the

province of Capiz which aims to promote the products and

tourism of the province for its own economic growth.

Among the agri products displayed in the festival are the

capiz shells, abaca fiber, and cacao. Also featured in the

festivity are the sumptuous seafood varieties that are

Figure 6: Capiztahan Festival presented at the buffet table for everyone’s enjoyment.

There was an overflow of prawns, king crabs, saltwater crabs, squids, fish and oysters enough to feed an

army. Capizeños take pride in their seafood products because of the unique taste and quality.

10
II.3 Traditional Ilonggo Games

Traditional games or the indigenous games will feature the different games that are commonly played by

children, usually using native materials or instruments. It is usually inventing games without the need of

anything but the players themselves.

Tumba Patis

“Tumba Patis” is a popular Ilonggo street game also

known as Presohan. The game requires 3 or more players.

Each player is provided with a large throw-away object

called “pamato”. A semi-flattened empty tin or plastic

container is placed in upright positions 6 or 8 meters from

the throwing line. A player is drawn as the prisoner.

Figure 7: Tumba Patis

Luksong Baka

A popular version of Luksong Tinik is “luksong Baka”

or “jump over a cow” involves one player crouches

while the other player gradually stands up as the game

progresses, making it harder for the other players to

Figure 8:Luksong Baka
jump over him/her.

Ins or Patintero

Ins or Pantintero, is an Ilonggo popular street game. The

players start off the game by marking the ground with a

Figure 9: Ins or Patintero

11
rectangular shape about five to six meters all divided into equal parts. Chalk or water is the most common

kind of marker being used.

Jackstone

The game is played with five stones. Each stone is about

the size of an almond. Players can only use one hand to

play the game. The player gets points for how many stones

they catch.

Figure 10: Jackstone

Kick or Sipa

“Kick” derived from the English word with the same

meaning or “Sipa” in Tagalog was one exciting game

among Ilonggo kids a long time ago. It is made of a washer

with colorful threads, usually plastic straw, attached to it.

Figure 11: Kick or Sipa

Panagu-ay

“Panagu-ay” or hide and seek is unique compared to its

counterpart, hide and seek since this game is usually

played at sunset or at night as a challenge for the players to

locate other players who are hiding.

12
Figure 12: Panagu-ay
 Luksong Tinik

The Luksong Tinik or jump over the horns is a game

composed of two players who serve as the bases of the

tinik (thorn) by putting their right or left feet together

(soles touching gradually building the tinik).

Figure 13: Luksong Tinik

Palo-sebo

“palo-sebo” or greased bamboo pole climbing is a kind

of game that involves a greased bamboo pole that

players attempt to climb.

Figure 14: Palo-sebo

Chinese Garter

Chinese Garter is very popular among Ilonggo children

for many generations. Two participants hold both ends

of a stretched garter horizontally while the others

attempt to cross over it. The goal is to cross without

having tripped on the garter.

Figure 14: Chinese Garter

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II.4 Heritage Area

This area is located in the last section of Panay Cultural Theme Park. It is where you’ll find the mini

museum of heritage and the replica of the ancestral house of Panay. Churches, official buildings,

residences, cobbled narrow streets, and horse drawn carriages may be found in this area.

Attractions

Jaro Cathedral

The church of St. Elizabeth of Hungary and the National

Shrine of Our Lady of Candles is simply called Jaro

Cathedral. It is the first and only cathedral in the

province of Iloilo. Imageby

Figure 15: Jaro Cathedral

Miag-ao Church

The church is located in Miag-ao, Iloilo. The Sto.

Homas de Villanueva is commonly called the Miag-ao

Church. The church was completed in 1797 and is

famous for the artistic sculptural relief carved on its

Figure 16: Miag- ao Church façade.

Tangalan’s Century-Old Church

St. John Nepomucene Parish Church was built in 1889

making Tangalan’s Spanish colonial church the oldest

Figure 17: Tangalan’s Century-Old Church 14

religious edifice in Aklan. The church was forged by blood, sacrifice and hard labor of Tangalanons

through polo y servicio (forced labor).

Anini-y Church

Anini-y church or the Parish of St. John of

Nepomuceno is the only preserved church in the

Antique, originally built by the Augustinians Friars.

The church is generally made of corals and stones

collected in the immediate area. Its first structure is

33m x 13m and was built around 1630-1638. Close to

the original church, the present coral structure on the

other hand is 48m x 12.5m and was built in 1845.

Figure 18: Anini-y Church

Panay Church

The Santa Monica Parish Church, also called Panay

Church, Spanish: 'Iglesia Parroquial de Santa

Mónica', is a historic church in Panay, near Roxas

City in the province of Capiz, on Panay island in the

Western Visayas region of the Philippines.

Figure 19: Panay Church

The original structure of Santa Monica Church in Panay, Capiz was built in 1774 by Fr. Miguel Murguia.

However, it was heavily damaged by a typhoon that struck the province last January 17, 1875. The church

was rebuilt in 1884 under the supervision of Fray Jose Beloso, OSA. The church stands until today.

15
By virtue of the National Historical Institute Resolution No. 3, the church was declared as a national

historical landmark in 1997 and on July 31, 2001, Sta. Monica Church was declared as a national cultural

treasure by the National Museum.

National Shrine

The national shrine marks the “Battle of Balantang”

on this site is where the bloodiest battle fought by

the Panay guerilla forces led by Col. Macario,

Peralta Jr. from February 5-March 20, 1945. The

Monument is dedicated to the freedom fighters of

Panay and Romblon who gave their lives for the

cause of freedom and democracy.the shrine is

located in Jaro, Iloilo.

Figure 20: National Shrine

Ledesma Mansion

Still proudly standing today in front of Plaza Jaro in

the City of Iloilo, Philippines is the impressive

palatial edifice built by Don Joaquin Ledesma

married to Doña Pilar Arguelles who both belong to

the landed gentry in “Salog”. Salog was the former

name of Jaro City until it was subsumed by La Muy

Figure 21: Ledesma Mansion Leal y Noble Ciudad de Iloilo sometime during the

Philippine Commonwealth period under President Manuel Luis Quezon. The good-natured Ilonggo Sugar

Baron, likewise, owned another residential mansion along Taft Avenue in Pasay City built before and

survived during and after world war II.

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 Lopez Heritage House

The Lopez Heritage House or Mansion de Lopez

(or otherwise known as the Nelly's Gardens) is a

national heritage house built in 1928 located at

Jaro, Iloilo by an Ilonggo statesman Don Vicente

Lopez and his wife, Doña Elena Hofileña. The

mansion was named after the couple's eldest

daughter, Nelly Lopez y Hofileña. Due to its grandiose architecture highlighting the province's

aristocratic past, it is regaled as the Queen of Heritage Houses in Iloilo. On March 28, 2004, it was

declared as a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute. The house and its 4

hectares (9.9 acres) property are open for public tours and events.

Molo Mansion

If you’re looking for a real comeback story, look no

further than the 1920s colonial-style mansion right

across Molo Plaza. After years of neglect, the

dilapidated former residence of the Yusay-Consings (a

family of prominent judges and even a governor of

Iloilo) was rescued from demolition by a private

developer. Now restored to its graceful arches and high

ceilings, it goes by the name Molo Mansion and houses

a small exhibit of Ilonggo artists, a homegrown coffee

shop, and SM’s cultural retail store Kultura.

Figure 23: Molo Mansion

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 Lizares House

The Lizareses’ Balay Dakô (meaning “big house”) was

built around 1880 as a classic bahay na bato on 6,000

square meters of land in Talisay town. It had a skirt, or

base, of rare coral stone and bricks covered with lime

plaster which concealed the structural posts of

hardwood. The upper portion was made entirely of

Figure 24: Lizares House
hardwood custom-cut to size, i.e. the floor planks

stretched from one point to the other in one piece—tindalo/balayong in the reception rooms and narra in

the bedrooms. Corrugated iron sheets, which were new at the time, served as roofing. The house was

painted entirely in various shades of blue and white with lime-based paint. According to Filipiniana

scholars Martin Tinio Jr. and Fernando Zialcita, the Balay Dakô was designed in the floral style of the

late 19th-century Filipino bahay na bato: the interior spaces were more fluid and there was more applied

ornamentation than in the geometric style of the early 19th century.

Sanson y Montinola House

Situated along Lopez Street, the old millionaire’s row, the

Casa Sanson y Montinola used to be part of a sprawling

estate that extend to the adjacent lot of the Colegio de San

José all the way to the Commission Civil Street behind

the block where an SM Hypermarket now stands.

Figure 25: Sanson y Montinola House Standing a block away from the Lopez Heritage Mansion

(Nelly’s Garden), not too far from the Jaro Cathedral, the old villa is owned by an illustrious family of

plantation estate owners or hacienderos, the Montinolas, whose descendants’ names grace the wall

18
plaques inside the cathedral, a testament to their status in Ilonggo society. No one knows what year the

Casa Sanson y Montinola was built, except that it was built at the turn of the 20th century.

Camiña Balay nga Bato

Camiña Balay nga Bato is an ancestral house and

compelling cultural attraction in Iloilo, the city where

I was born. There are a couple very good reasons to

visit, including hot chocolate, dumpling soup,

handwoven textiles, and amazing antiques. Camiña

Balay nga Bato means ‘house by the river’. Built

between 1860 and 1865 in a style we call ‘arquitectura

Figure 26: Camiña Balay nga Bato
mestiza’, the house is a beautiful example of

indigenous Filipino building merged with colonial Spanish influences. Luth and Gerard Camiña, 4th

generation owners, spent 10 years renovating Camiña Balay nga Bato into the treasure you see today.

Sinamay House

The Arevalo Sinamay House is owned by Mrs. Cecilia

Gison Villanueva. It was established in the late

nineteenth century by her great grandfather, Captain

Victorino Chavez; this “home industry” still operates

today. The business and building were handed down by

Captain Victorino to his son, Cornelio, and in turn was

taken over by Cornelio’s daughter, Mrs. Rosario Chavez

Figure 27: Sinamay House Gibson. And in 1958, Cecilia Villanueva, the second

child of Rosario, inherited the business and the house. During its early years, the weaving activities were

done in the family’s house in Arevalo, Iloilo City.

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 Casa Rizaliana: The Arcenas-Lazaro Ancestral

House in Molo

The quiet street of San Jose in Molo is home to many

ancestral houses and standing out among them is the

ancestral house of former governor Don Raymundo

Melliza. Now known as the Arcenas-Lazaro

Figure 28: Casa Rizaliana: The Arcenas- ancestral House, this 19th century lavish residence is
Lazaro Ancestral House in Molo
now being developed into a museum of sorts

highlighting its connection with our national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal. As the late eminent historian Dr.

Henry Funtecha writes, “After shopping at the Escolta or Calle Real, Dr. Jose Rizal took a calesa for

Parian or Molo to visit Don Raymundo Melliza, a close friend and classmate in Manila and Madrid. Rizal

took his lunch at the house of Don Raymundo and they talked about Cuba.

Eusebio Villanueva House

This heritage house, located on Bonifacio drive in

Iloilo City, was built in 1928 by its original owner

Julio Ledesma. The engineer on the project was

Eusibio Canto Villanueva who is the current owner.

The house is a two-story building made of narra

wood, galvanized iron and concrete. During the

occupation of the World War II the Japanese used the

home as their headquarters and apparently the

basement was their ‘torture chamber” and prison.

Figure 29: Eusebio Villanueva House

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II.5 CASE STUDIES

II.5.A NAYONG PILIPINO THEME PARK

Nayong Pilipino in Pampanga is a Theme Park of Philippine history, culture and heritage

(https://primer.com.ph).The greatest Philippine natural and man-made wonders come together in one

village theme park in Pampanga., natural wonders, and history of the country. This park is essentially a

representation in a miniature-version of the diverse Philippines and its culture, all in one place. This

recreational/leisure/history-learning facility is divided into numerous geographically-sectionalized display

areas. Here you’ll find representations of regions such as Cordillera Central, Ilocos, Tagalog, Bicol,

Visayas, and Mindanao and so forth. (https://primer.com.ph)

Each region represented contains a typical residential building, landmark-structure and/or representation

of Pilipino geography including characteristic landscape indicative of the specific regions. For example,

the Cebu Region has the famous Bohol’s Chocolate Hills while one of the examples for the Visayas

Region is a replica of the historic Magellan’s Cross.

Some of the Philippines famous heroes and political figures' residences are also featured in this very

unique facility. Visiting these structures is like taking a trip in a time-machine to another perspective of

place and time in Philippine history.

A SPANISH-INSPIRED COLONIAL PLAZA

AREA

The central part of Nayong is where you’ll find the

realistic, old-Spanish-styled, Colonial Plaza area

complete with cobblestone pathways and other

authentic replicas of historic Philippine structures such

Figure 30: A Spanish-inspired Colonial
Plaza Area
21
as the Barasoain Church where a mass is actually held every Sunday. The Colonial Plaza is modeled after

promenade centers similar to the parks in the Vigan region with an authentic gazebo structure and more.

This is reminiscent of the architecture of the Northern Luzon area of Vigan that has the honor of owning

the oldest surviving old-Spanish architecture in the Philippines. Antique churches, official buildings, and

residences, cobbled narrow streets, and horse-drawn carriages may all be found in this interesting bit of

Filipino/Spanish nostalgia.

MALAKAS AND MAGANDA

As children Filipinos, are told the story of Malakas and Maganda? This is old Filipino folklore dating

back to the origin of the Filipino people and passed on through generations. It portrays the native people’s

legend of how man and woman came into existence. This legend is explored, displayed and depicted with

characters and native surroundings at the park.

BARASOAIN CHURCH

The term "Barasoain" was derived from the Filipino word

"baras ng suwail", which means "dungeon of the defiant".

As the place where Filipinos would congregate who were

definitely in opposition to the laws the conquerors of the

Philippine brought to the country. Originally named after

Figure 31: Barasoain Church a historic church in Navarra, Spain, many historic events

and revolutionary movements occurred at the original Barasoain church in Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines.

This beautiful structure recreates this historic church in its entire splendor.

22
 IFUGAO VILLAGE

Ifugao is a province of the Northern Philippines of

Luzon consisting of mountainous, rugged terrain,

dramatic river valleys, and wonderfully, lush-green

forests. The world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces are the

main tourist attraction in the province and are replicated

at Nayong Filipino. The original terraces were an

Figure 32: Ifugao Village ingenious innovation by local Ifugao natives over 2000-

years ago. These terraces were carved into the mountains without any machinery, providing level-steps

were the farmers of the area could plant rice on plateaus, in an otherwise slopped region that doesn’t

allow for proper irrigation of the crop. In this section of the park, you will also find an authentic Ifugao

Village featuring typical Ifugao houses.

KALINGA VILLAGE

Kalinga is a landlocked province in the north section of

the Cordillera Region. The name Kalinga is derived from

the Ibang and Gaddang "Kalinga" which means

“headhunters.” In years past, headhunting was considered

noble and it symbolizes bravery amongst men. In this

beautifully remote region, tourist sights include

Figure 33: Kalinga Village
marvelous waterfalls, hot springs, rice terraces and subterranean rivers. Nayong Pilipino-Clark allows

individuals to take a peek into the rich Kalingan way of life, their structures, history and terrain.

23
 Figure 34: Dr. Jose Rizal’s House

DR. JOSE RIZAL'S HOUSE

Learn of this history and see a replication of the original house of Dr. Jose Rizal at Nayong Filipino

complete with furnishings from the period. This man was a Filipino of great and varied learning. He was

a true nationalist, and during the Spanish colonial era was one of the most well-known supporters for

transformation of Spanish rule in the Philippines. He always promoted peaceful means of revolution

rather than forceful measures. Two novels written by Rizal exposed the cruelties of the Spanish

colonizers in the Philippines. These books were titled: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The

Spaniards were concerned that his propaganda would inspire the Filipino people to revolt. So he was

sentenced in a mock trial on December 30, 1896 and shot by firing squad at Bagumbayan, now Luneta

Park or Rizal Park in the Manila area. This made him a martyr and a catalyst of the Philippine Revolution

which was later led by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo. He is considered a national hero and the

anniversary of Rizal's death is celebrated as a national holiday in the Philippines.

24
 Figure 35: Emilio Aguinaldo’s House

EMILIO AGUINALDO'S HOUSE

Learn the history of this great Filipino leader and view a replica of his house along with appointments and

furnishings, characteristic of the day. Aguinaldo was considered to be the first president of the

Philippines, also the youngest president of the country. He was a Filipino general and fought for

independence. He was crucial to the struggle for Philippine independence during the Philippine

Revolution against Spain and fought against the Americans and initially opposed American occupation of

the Philippines. At a later date, he eventually pledged his allegiance to the United States government.

25
 Figure 36: Apolinario Mabini’s House

APOLINARIO MABINI'S HOUSE

Read details of this former Filipino leader and view an authentic recreation of Mabini’s house, complete

with period furnishings and decorations. As a Filipino who maintained the position as the first prime

minister of the Republic in 1899 Mabini was crucial in the fight for Philippine independence. He was a

prolific writer, a doctrinaire who wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901. He

was born in Talaga, Tanauan City, Batangas of poor parents. In 1896 he contracted an illness that led to

the paralysis of his lower limbs. As a member of Rizal's La Liga Filipina group, he worked secretly for

reforms against the Spanish.

26
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Figure 37: Site Development Plan

27
II.5.B BAEKJE CULTURAL LAND

Baekje Cultural Land is a Korean historical theme park located in Hapjeong, Buyeo County in South

Chungcheong province, South Korea. It is the largest historical theme park in the country, built to

preserve the history and culture of the Baekje kingdom (18 BC – 660 AD). The theme park is one of the

locations of the annual Baekje Cultural Festival. The Baekje Cultural Land project commenced in 1994

and the groundbreaking ceremony was done in 1998. The Baekje Historical Museum opened first in 2006,

and the theme park opened to visitors in 2010.

During construction, historically important buildings were rebuilt as replicas of the original,

including Neunggasa Buddhist temples of the period, and Sabi Palace.

The theme park features a "living village", consisting of noblemen's, middle class and lower class

model houses, with a replica of general Gyebaek's home. A replica of how the first Baekje

capital, Wiryeseong might have looked like was also included in the theme park. Besides featuring

palaces, houses, and other functional buildings, the park showcases noblemen's tombs of the Sabi period,

which were moved from their original locations in Buyeo County to the park.

SABIGUNG

Among the total of 14 buildings in an area of

4,492sq.m are Cheonjeongkjeon in the middle. Based

on the ancient palace architectural design, the main

throne hall was restored.

Figure 38: Sabigung

Figure 38: Sabigung

SAONGUNGJEON (WEST HALL)

28
 Seogung consists of two halls. Mudeokjeon is the king’s office mainly for military and security affairs,

and the other hall indeokjeon means giraffe symbolizing peace and prosperity.

est Hall)

JUNGGUNGJEON (MIDDLE HALL)

This is a place of the Sabi-period main hall for politics

during Baekjie kingdom. Cheonjeongjeon is the main

building where kings engaged in their political and

administrative affairs.

Figure 40: Junggungjeon (Middle Hall)

DONGGUNGJEON ( EAST HALL)

The main hall was named Mursajeon and served as the

king’s office. The first letter Mun means east. The other

hall was an office building for the king's servant’s

means of welcoming the best talents.

Figure 41: Donggungjeon (East Hall)

JAHYODANG

29
Is a hall built in commemoration of the king Wuideok’s deep respect for his father King Seong. It is also a

building where Buddhism was learned and educated to the public.

NEUNGSAN

The restoration mirrored the original architecture after

considering the down pointing cantilever architecture

shown in the gilt bronze pagoda. Geumdongtappyeon

excavated in Dongnam, Buryeo and the 5-story

pagoda. The middle gate, pagoda, the main worship

hall and the auditorium are all laid straight in a row.

Figure 43: Neungsan

NEUNGSA OCHEUNG MOKTAP

A 5-story wooden pagoda has in its pedestal National

Treasure No. 288 Changwang Myeongseokjo Sarigam, a

stone reliquary. The container was believed to be placed

in the pagoda in A.D. 567 and the pagoda was erected

upon it.

Figure 44: Neungsan Ocheung Moktap

DAEUNGJEON

The Buddha- enshrining pagoda is a complex structure

whose interior has one high ceiling but exterior shows

30

Figure 45: Daeungjeon

multiple stories. Soon it is expected that the pagoda will house three Buddha statues representing

Baekje’s Buddhism Culture.

JAHYODANG

Is a hall built in commemoration of the king Wuideok’s

deep respect for his father King Seong. It is also a

building where Buddhism was learned and educated to

the public.
Figure 46: Jahyodang

HYANNOGAK

Inside this building was National Treasure no. 287

Baekje Geumdong Daehyanro, gilt-bronze incense

burner found, which gives its name Hyangrogak.

Figure 47: Hyannogak

LIVING CULTURE VILLAGE

Baekje folklore can be learned in this village.

Noblemen’s include Dajwapyeong’s private residence

and General Gyebaek’s residence. Middle class and

Figure 48: Living Culture Village common people’s houses are all constructed so that

visitors can learn about the different social class homes and lifestyles.

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 WIRYESEONG

King Onjo moved south from Goguryeo and created a capital in this area. Nara under Biryu’s reign in the

area of Michuhol was incorporated as Baekje and Baekje’s capital was located in Wiryeseong.

Geographically stable from outside invasions and geologically fertile, Wiryeseong laid a strong

foundation for Baekjeo to grow economically and politically.

RAISED HOUSE

Dugout huts are built with posts fixed in the dug holes on

the grounds, bringing the floors of the huts above the

ground. The cities of Asan and Ochang that lie in the

territory of Baekje found a number of dugout huts used as

residence.
Figure 50: Raised House

NOBLEMAN JWABO MARYEOE’S HOUSE

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 This is the house of Maryeo who helped King Onjo move southward and found Baekje. This house is

divided into two different sections. One is for the noble class and the other one for the poor.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Maryeoe’s House

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 Figure 52: Site Development Plan

II.5.C NIKKO EDOMURA (EDO WONDERLAND)

Nikko Edomura also known as Edo Wonderland Nikko Edomura ( , Edo Wandarando Nikko Edomura) is a history theme

courtesans, with their entourage. The buildings and shops are

modeled after those from the Edo period. There is a costume rental shop where you can borrow clothes

from the Edo period and wear them around the theme park for a fee. Another attraction that will catch

your interest is the Ninja Trick Maze. It is a human sized labyrinth that will take some time to escape

from. Aside from that there are the Haunted Temple and House of Illusion attractions that you can go

through. All these attractions can be found in the Experience Zones of the theme park.

TIME TRAVEL ADVENTURE 2019 SUMMER

Celebrated every summer is the mizukake festival. In this

high energy water festival you are able to join the crowds

in throwing water-all over the ornate portable shrine and

the men whose shoulders it rests on. Cast water to your

heart's content as they chant and march the shrine through

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Figure 53: Time Travel Adventure 2019

the streets of Edo. This is the perfect chance to take the edge off the summer heat and also let off any

pent-up energy.

EDO SUMMER CUISINE

We offer Edo dishes that are perfect for a hot summer

such as Yanagawa Anago Mochi, Chicken Rice Koji,

Yamagashi Soba, and Nishi Koji Watermelon Juice and

more at each store. Dishes prepared under the supervision

of renowned Edo period cook researcher Fuyuki Rei.

Figure 54: Edo Summer Cuisine

O-SHOGATSU

(New Year's Day)Celebrate the New Year in brilliant

Edo style. Try your luck with raffles and the Seven

Gods of Fortune, enjoy stage events, and spend a

wonderful New Year with us.

Figure 55: O-Shogatsu

HINAMATSURI ( GIRL’S DAY )

Experience ancient rituals including the hina-nagashi,

where you can release traditional Japanese dolls into

the river to float away for good fortune.

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 TANABATA FESTIVAL

Experience the romance of the heavens in Edo. Write

your wish on the tanzaku (thin strips of paper) and hang

it on the bamboo tree for good luck in this festival with

over 1000 years of history in Japan.

Figure 57: Tanabata Festival

SETSUBUN

Setsubun is the division of the seasons, it marks the last

day of winter and the coming of spring. People pray for

good health and happiness by throwing roasted

soybeans known as fortune beans at demons and

shouting “Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!” meaning

Demons out! Fortune in! You can experience this

Figure 58: Setsubun tradition at Edo Wonderland in early February.

NINJA SHICHU-GO-SAN

How about celebrating this year’s Shichi-Go-San in ninja

style? Celebrated in November, this ancient ritual was

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Figure 59: Ninja Shichi-Go-San
celebrated by royal and samurai class Girls- who are 3 or 7 years old, and boys who are 3 or 5 years

old.We’ll celebrate your child’s growth while putting them through some awesome ninja training.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

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Figure 60: Site Development Plan
II.6 ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

Vernacular architecture is characterized by its

reliance on needs, construction materials and

traditions specific to its particular locality. It is a

type of architecture which is indigenous to a specific

time and place and not replicated from elsewhere. Figure 61: Vernacular Architecture

Historically, vernacular architecture has incorporated the skills and expertise of local builders as opposed

to formally-trained architects. While often synonymous with primitive, nomadic or traditional

architecture, it can also apply to certain types or architecture in developed countries and urban societies.

The development of vernacular architecture centers on the functions that the building type is required to

perform. The design then generally evolves over time, becoming more refined and tailored to the contexts

in which it exists.

The benefits of vernacular architecture include:

Capitalizing on local knowledge and traditions.

Taking advantage of local materials and resources, meaning that they are relatively energy efficient and

sustainable.

Providing a vital connection between humans and the environment in which they live.

Can be designed specifically with the local climatic conditions in mind, and often perform well.

As a concept, the term ‘vernacular’ became commonly used in the 1800s, at a time when western colonial

powers were exploring the new worlds that were being discovered. It is sometimes used as a derogatory

term, suggesting something that may be quaint, but is derivative and has not been ‘properly’ designed by

a professional.

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