Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Theory of Structures 1
DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD Situation 4. A spring support is provided at the Case 3: Uniform load over the entire length of cantilever beam.
From flexure From Calculus, middle of a 6-meter simple beam carrying a load w oL2 y
Maximum Moment: M = –
1 M 1 y" of 32 kN/m. The flexural rigidity EI is 24 x 109 2 wo
= = kN-mm2 and the spring constant k is 28 kN/mm. 3
r EI r [1 + (y')2 ]3/2 Slope at end: q =
w oL
Determine: 6EI x
q
For beams, y’ is very small and (y’)2 ® 0 9. the reaction of the spring. 4 d
w oL
M y" 10. the deflection at midspan. Maximum deflection: d = L
\ 8EI
=
EI 13/2 Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
Situation 5. For the beam loaded and supported as
wo x2 y
Hence, shown, determine: EI y = (6L2 – 4Lx + x2) wo
Note: 120L
EI y" = M y’ = slope of beam
11. the rotation at the left support.
12. the deflection at midspan x
EI y' = ò Mdx + C1 y = beam deflection Case 4: Uniformly varying q
d
load over the entire length of
600 N/m L
EI y = òò (Mdx)dx + C1 x + C2 cantilever beam with zero load L
at the free end.
w oL2 w oL3
Situation 1. A 5 m simply supported beam is loaded Maximum Moment: M = – ; Slope at end: q =
6 24EI
with a 200 kN-m concentrated moment placed 1m 3m 2m w oL4
3.5m from the left support. The flexural rigidity R1 R2 Maximum deflection: d =
30EI
of the beam is EI. If the distance x is measured
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
from the left support.
SUPERPOSITION METHOD wo x2
1. Determine the equation of the slope. EI y = (10L3 – 10L2x + 5Lx2 – x3)
Summary of Beam Loadings 120L
2. Determine the equation of the deflection curve. Case 1: Concentrated load at the free end of cantilever beam.
Maximum Moment: M = –PL y Case 5: Moment load at the free end of cantilever beam.
P
Situation 2. A 6 m simply supported beam is loaded PL2 Maximum Moment: M = –M y
Slope at end: q =
with a 24 kN concentrated load placed 3.5m from 2EI x Slope at end: q =
ML M
q
the left support. Determine: PL 3 d EI x
Maximum deflection: d = q
3. the slope of the tangent at the left support. 3EI L ML2
d
Maximum deflection: d =
4. the rotation at the right support. Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) 2EI L
5. the deflection under the load. Px 2
Mx 2
6. the maximum deflection of the beam. EI y = (3L – x) Deflection Equation (y is positive downward): EI y =
6 y P 2
a b
P
Situation 3. For the beam loaded and supported as Case 2: Concentrated load in Case 6: Concentrated load at y
shown, determine: cantilever beam. the midspan of simple beam. L/2 L/2
x
Maximum Moment: M = –Pa q PL qL qR x
d Maximum Moment: M = d
300 N/m
Pa2 4 R1
Slope at end: q = L L R2
2EI PL2
Slope at end: qL = qR = ;
Pa2 16EI
Maximum deflection: d = (3L – a)
6EI PL3
2m 2m Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) Maximum deflection: d =
48EI
R1 R2 Px 2 Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
EI y = (3a – x) for 0 < x < a
7. the rotation at the right support. 6 Px 3 2
EI y = ( L – x2) for 0 < x < 21 L
8. the deflection at midspan Pa2 12 4
EI y = (3x – a) for a < x < L
6
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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Theory of Structures 1
Case 7: Concentrated load at simple beam. Case 10: Symmetrical triangular load over the entire span of Situation 6. A spring support is provided at the
Pab simple beam. wo middle of a 6 m simple beam carrying a load of 24
Maximum Moment: M = at x = a
L w oL2 y kN/m. The flexural rigidity EI is 24 × 109 kN×mm2
Maximum Moment: M =
Slope at end P 12
y x and the spring constant k is 28 kN/mm.
Pb (L2 - b2 )
qL = a b 5w oL3 qL d qR 13. Determine the reaction of the spring.
6EI L x Slope at end: qL = qR =
qL
d
qR 192EI R1 R2 14. Determine the shortening of the spring.
L
Pa (L2 - a2 ) 15. Determine the maximum moment in the beam.
qR = R1 L R2 w oL4
6EI L Maximum deflection: d =
120EI
Maximum deflection Situation 7. A 4-m simple has a modulus of elasticity
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
Pb (L2 - b2 )3/2 L2 - b2 wo x L E of 100,000 MPa and a moment of inertia is 4 ×
d= at x = EI y = (25L4 – 40L2x2 + 16x4) for 0 < x <
9 3EI L 3 960L 2 106 mm4. If a 600 N weight is dropped from a
At center (not maximum) height of 360 mm above the center of the beam,
Pb Case 11: Moment load at the right end of simple beam. 16. determine the maximum deflection of the beam.
d= (3L2 – 4b2) when a > b Maximum Moment: M = M
48EI y
Slope at end:
M 17. determine the maximum bending stress in the
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) x beam if the beam is 100 mm thick.
ML ML qL d qR
Pbx 2 qL = ; qR =
EI y = (L – x2 – b2) for 0 < x < a 6EI 3EI
6L R1 R2
L Situation 8. A beam AB of length L is fixed at A. The
Pb é L 3 2 2 3ù 2 free end B is pushed downward by a force P while
EI y = ê (x - a) + (L - b )x - x ú for a < x < L Maximum deflection: d =
ML
at x =
L
6L ë b û the same end B is being prevented from rotating
9 3 EI 3
2 by a moment M. The flexural rigidity of the beam
Case 8: Uniform load over the entire span of simple beam. ML
At center (not maximum): d = is EI.
w oL2 16EI
Maximum Moment: M =
y 18. Determine the force P that must be applied to
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
8 wo produce a unit downward deflection at B.
w oL3 MLx æ x2 ö 19. Determine the moment M that prevented the free
Slope at end: qL = qR = EI y = ç1 - ÷ y
x 6 èç L2 ÷ø
24EI qL qR
M end B from rotating.
d
x 20. Determine the moment induced at A.
5w oL4 R1 qL d
qR
Maximum deflection: d = L R2 Case 12: Moment load at
384EI the left end of R1 R2
L
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) simple beam.
Situation 9. A propped cantilever beam having a
EI y =
wo x 3
(L – 2Lx2 + x3) Maximum Moment: M = M span of 20 m carries a triangular load which
24 y ML ML varies from 10 kN/m at the fixed end to zero at
wo Slope at end: qL = ; qR =
3EI 6EI the other support.
Case 9: Uniformly varying qL qR
x
21. Determine the reaction at the simply supported
load over the entire span of d ML2 æ L ö
Maximum deflection: d = at x = ç L - ÷
simple beam with zero load R1 R2 9 3 EI ç 3 ÷ø end.
L è
at one end. 22. Find the distance of the point of maximum
ML2 deflection from the simply supported end.
w oL2 At center (not maximum): d =
Maximum Moment: M = 16EI 23. Find the maximum deflection.
9 3 Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
7w oL 3
8w oL3 Mx
Slope at end: qL = ; qR = EI y = (L – x)(2L – x)
360EI 360EI 6L
2.5w oL4
Maximum deflection: d = at x = 0.519L
384EI
Deflection Equation (y is positive downward)
wo x
EI y = (7L4 – 10L2x2 + 3x4)
360L
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