Project Synopsis

on
Soil Testing and Crop Recommendation

Submitted as a part of course curriculum for

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science
n

Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar

2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118

Under the Supervision of

Pooja Sharma
Professor

KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad

Department of Computer Science
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
2022-2023

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this submission is our work and that, to the best of
our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been
accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or
other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has
been made in the text.

Signature of Students
Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar
2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118
Date: 15-Nov-2022

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Soil Testing and Crop Recommendation”
which is submitted by Sanjeev Kumar, Rahul Singh and Priyanshu Kumar in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department of Computer
Science of Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow is a record of the
candidates own work carried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodied in this
report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: 15-Nov-2022 Supervisor Signature

Pooja Sharma
(Professor)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the synopsis of the B.Tech Mini Project
undertaken during B.Tech. Third Year. We owe a special debt of gratitude to Pooja
Sharma (Professor), Department of Computer Science, KIET Group of Institutions,
Delhi- NCR, Ghaziabad, for his/her constant support and guidance throughout the course
of our work. Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of
inspiration for us. It is only his/her cognizant efforts that our endeavours have seen the
light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Ajay Kumar
Shrivastava, Head of the Department of Computer Science, KIET Group of Institutions,
Delhi- NCR, Ghaziabad, for his full support and assistance during the development of the
project. We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of
all the faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation
during the development of our project.
Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution to the
completion of the project.

Signature:
Date : 15-Nov-2022
Sanjeev Kumar Rahul Singh Priyanshu Kumar
2000290120133 2000290120122 2000290120118

INTRODUCTION
A soil test is a process by which elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) which are
present in the soil are measured for their "plant available" content within the sample. The
quantity of available nutrients in the sample determines the amount of fertilizer that is
recommended. A soil test also measures soil pH.

The soil is a vital natural resource which provides food to all living creatures in nature.
The soil is basis of life in nature. A good quality soil can produce large amount food.

The use fertilizer helps in increasing the production of food to meet the demand by the
whole world. As the population is increasing day by day the demand for the food is also
increasing. But land available for the cultivation and production of crop is limited. This
causes to utilize the full potential of land to produce food. And the fertilizer and
pesticides help in producing the food.

But due to use excessive or less use of fertilizer the nutrients in the soil for crop keeps
decreasing which eventually causes less production of food. To avoid this problem
correct measure of nutrients available and needed by the soil for a particular soil should
be done. Which helps crops to grow fast and healthy.

Crop also get affected by the disease which destroy the whole field. If right pesticides are
used at the right time by detecting the type of pest that affecting the crop, loss of crop can
be reduced.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the last few decades, it is observed that farmers are using fertilizer for the better
production of crop. Because fertilizer provides necessary nutrients for higher production
of crop. But it is also observed that farmer is using fertilizer in any quantity without
knowing the actual nutritional need of the soil and plant which is grown.

Because of this there are some farmers who is using more chemical fertilizer as needed
by a crop to grow. And there are some farmers who are using less fertilizer as needed by
a crop to grow. This unmeasured use of fertilizer affects the cost of production and
quantity of production, which ultimately affect the farmer and financial stability of
farmer.

The excessive use of fertilizer also affects the soil and degrades its nutritional value for
the crop. Some fertilizer which are excess in quantity also dissolve in water and causes
water pollution.

A major problem that farmers are facing now days is that the crop gets affected by some
disease and whole crop depraved by it. This loss of farmer can be minimized by the use
of correct pesticides if the cause of disease identified at time.

OBJECTIVES
The main objective is to evaluate the fertility and nutrients status in the given soil and
provide a recommendation on the amount of manure and fertilizer based on soil test value
and according to crop.

To avoid excess use of fertilizer and to ensure environmental safety.

To test the soil timely, because each time when a crop a is harvested from the field, the
soil losses a considerable amount of nutrients and causes loss of fertility over a long time.

Increasing the production of crop and profitability of farmer by providing necessary

nutrients to the crop.

By the effective and efficient use of fertilizer and pesticides, the soil and water pollution
can be reduced which eventually leads to cleaner environment.

Reduce the losses of crop due to crop disease.

 LITERATURE REVIEW

For all living creature in the world resources are required to live. And for food everyone
is dependent on soil directly and indirectly. The soil is major source of food. All the
fruits, vegetable and crop are grown in the soil. So, a good quality of soil can produce
better food for all. Which crop or plant is grown where depend on the nutritional value
present in the soil at that place. Some specific nutritional value in the soil supports
specific crop to grow better in the soil.

In today’s world the world population is increasing but the resources available in the
world are limited. To sustain in the world effective use of available resources should be
done.

To meet the food demand of the world today, fertilizer and pesticides are used in
tremendous quantity, which help to grow crop in large quantity. But most of the fertilizer
user only use fertilizer in the quantity as user think is better for the crop. Which leads to
excessive or modest use of fertilizer which ultimately affects the production of crop and
leads to soil and water pollution.

This problem can be solved by the timely soil testing and using fertilizer in the quantity
according to the results of the soil test and crop grown in the field. And a proper system
for detection of any plant disease as early as possible and use of right pesticide in the
required amount can save the crop production and also save water and soil pollution
caused by the excessive and wrong use of pesticides.
 METHODOLOGY
The type of fertilizer and amount needed by a particular crop is predicted using Machine
Learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network
(ANN), Random Forest (RF), Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), and K-Nearest
Neighbour (KNN) at the right time when it is required.

Using image recognition (CNN) technique, to find the disease in the plant and
recommend possible solution of the disease which help to increase the production of the
crop.
 CONCLUSION
The food demand of the world can be meet by effective use of the available resources.
The use fertilizer of right type, in right amount and at the right time can help to full the
food demand of the world in an effective manner and without harming our environment
such as soil and water pollution. This leads to a clean environment.

Crop production can also be increased by the right use pesticides at the right time in right
quantity, which save crop from any disease.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
No.
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................... i

DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. ii

CERTIFICATE …........................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. iv

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………..…………………………………………………. vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-n

1.1. Introduction ……………………................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statement .…………………….......................................

1.2. Objective………………………………………………………… 2

1.3. Scope…………………………………………………………….. 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….... 7-p

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY …………………………………........ 8-m

3.1 Flowchart
3.2 Algorithm Proposed 10

CHAPTER 4 TECHNOLOGY USED ………..………………………..………………. 12

CHAPTER 5 DIAGRAMS …...........................................................................................

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION ….......................................................................................

REFERENCES…..............................................................................................................
The content of the synopsis must be divided into following headings depending upon
your project

1) INTRODUCTION
2) PROBLEM STATEMENT
3) OBJECTIVES
4) LITERATURE REVIEW
5) METHODOLOGY (PROPOSED ALGORITHM /IMPLEMENTATION
ACTIVITY)
6) DIAGRAMS (UML/USE CASE/ER/DFD)
7) CONCLUSION WITH RESULT
8) REFERENCES (IN IEEE FORMAT)