Institute of management science,

LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY

Bachelors of business administration

BBA Core - 3rd Sem.

“Research methodology”

SECTION-“A”

A research project
Topic: “Street food vs. Restaurant food: A comparative
study”

Submitted to: Dr. Mukesh Srivastava Submitted by: Aakash Maury

Roll No.: 200012035084 Date of submission: 30/11/21

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 DECLARATION

I, Aakash Maury hereby declared that the project work

titled “A comparative Research project on street food vs
restaurant food” submitted towards partial fulfillment of
requirements of BACHELORS OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION is my original work done by me under
the guidance of DR. MUSKESH SRIVATAVA sir.
The information and the data given in the report are
authentic to the best of my knowledge.
This research project is not submitted to any other
university or institution for the award of any degree or
fellowship or published any time before.

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PREFACE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the
Almighty, for his showers of blessing throughout my
research work to complete the research successfully.
I sincerely acknowledge to my research supervisor Dr.
Mukesh Srivastava Sir of Lucknow University, IMS for
giving me the opportunity to do research and providing
invaluable guidance throughout this research. Your
vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me.
You teach us the research methodology to carry out the
research and to present the research works as clearly as
possible. It is a great privilege and honor to work and
study under your guidance.
And also, I am extremely grateful to my parents for their
love, support, prayer, caring and sacrifices for educating
and preparing me for my future. And also to friends for
immense contribution from each side and making this
project possible.
.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This information deals with the detailed study of survey
between the street food and restaurant food.
Street Food: The term "street foods" describes a wide range of
ready-to-eat foods and beverages sold and sometimes
prepared in public places, notably streets. Like fast foods, the
final preparation of street foods occurs when the customer
orders the meal which can be consumed where it is purchased
or taken away. Vendors' stalls are usually located outdoors or
under a roof which is easily accessible from the street. They
have low-cost seating facilities. Street food businesses are
usually owned and operated by individuals or families but
benefits from their trade extend throughout the local economy.
For instance, vendors buy their fresh food locally, thus linking
their enterprises directly with small-scale farms and market
gardens.
Restaurant Food: A restaurant is an establishment which
prepares and serves food and drink to customer in return for
money, either paid before the meal, after the meal, or with a
running tab. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises,
but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery
services Restaurants vary greatly in appearance and offerings,
including a wide variety. A fast food restaurant also known as a

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Quick services Restaurant or QSR within the industry itself, is a
specific type of restaurant characterized oath by its fast food
cuisine and by minimal table services. Food served in fast food
restaurant typically caters to a “meat-sweet diet” and is offered
from a limited menu; is cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot;
is finished and packaged to order; and is usually available ready
to take away through seating may be provided .Fast food
restaurants are usually part of a chain or franchise operation,
which provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially
prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through
controlled supply channels. Service is excellent - honest,
knowledgeable, attentive and friendly. The food is as good as
the menu makes it sound. Fast Food restaurant is a leading
online lifestyle guide with the most up-to date information on
businesses.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT:
1. List of chapters-
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………….page no.8-11
1.1. Introduction of street food…………..page no.8
1.2. Introduction to Restaurant food…..page no.10
1.3. Street food Vs Restaurant food …..page no.11
2. LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………page no.13-16
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………page no.17-18
3.1. Objective of the research study……...page no.17
3.2. Research Design ……………………………page no.18
3.3. Benefits of study…………………………….page no.18
4. ANALYSIS OF STREET FOOD AND RESTAURANT
FOOD……………………………………………...……………...page no.19
5. FINDING………………………………………….……..……….page no.27
6. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………..page no.29-30

2. List of tables-
1. Table: 4.1……...…………………………………………….page no. 20
2. Table: 4.2……………………………...…………………….page no. 21
3. Table: 4.3…………………………………………………….page no. 23
4. Table: 4.4…………………………………………………….page no. 26

3. List of figures-
1. Figure: 4.1………...…………………………………………..page no.20
2. Figure: 4.2………..……………………………………….….page no.22
3. Figure: 4.3………..…………………………………………..page no.23
4. Figure: 4.4……..……………………………………………..page no.24
5. Figure: 4.5……..……………………………………………..page no.25
6. Figure: 4.6…………………………………………………....page no.26

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 7. Figure: 4.7……..……………………………………………..page no.27

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.1.1. Street food
With variations within regions and cultures street food vending
is found across the world. Sold by vendors and peddlers street
food is the ready to eat food or drink sold on street and public
spaces. Vendors usually use portable booth, food cart or truck
to sale the food items. The importance of street food vending
lies on the fact that besides offering business opportunities for
developing entrepreneurs, the sale of street foods can make a
sizeable contribution to the economies of developing countries
like India. Street food often reflects traditional local cultures
and exists in an endless variety. There is much diversity in the
raw materials as well as in the preparation of street food
beverages, snacks and meals. Vendors’ stalls are usually located
outdoors or under a roof which is easily accessible from the
street. Their marketing success depends exclusively on location
and word-of-mouth promotion. Street food businesses are
usually owned and operated by individuals or families but
benefits from their trade extend throughout the local
[Link] of the important aspects related to the street

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food is the importance and the necessity for maintaining the
nutritional status to the large section of population. Despite the
importance of the street food and the street food vending the
fact that the street food vending involves many problems
cannot be ignored. The present condition in which most of the
street food vendors cook and sale are unsuitable .The place is
not clean, well lit and far from source of contamination. Most
of the street food vendors do not practice hygienic method of
covering food and water. Food not covered is exposed to flies,
birds, rodents etc which may cause food borne pathogens.
Street food vendors also lack proper food handling and waste
disposal training.
The street food operation often involves entire families in the
procurement of raw materials, preparation and cooking as well
as the sale of food. Worldwide, women play a very large role in
the street food industry. It has some benefits also but problems
also.
Benefits Problems
Use of local resources Contamination Poor hygiene
Employment opportunities Not a recognized industry
Adequate earnings for vendors Lack of social status
Varied and nutritious food Complex or non-existent
licensing systems

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 1.1.2. Restaurant Food
A restaurant is a business which prepares and serves food and
drinks to customers in exchange for money, either paid before
the meal, after the meal, or with an open account. Meals are
generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants
also offer takeout and food delivery services. Restaurants vary
greatly in appearance and offerings, including a wide variety of
cuisines and service models ranging from inexpensive fast food
restaurants to high-priced luxury establishments. In Western
countries, most mid- to high-range restaurants serve alcoholic
beverages such as beer and wine. Some restaurants serve all
the major meals, such as breakfast, lunch and dinner (e.g.,
major fast food chains, hotel restaurants and airport
restaurants). Other restaurants may only serve a single meal
(e.g., a pancake house may only serve breakfast) or they may
serve two meals (e.g., lunch and dinner). Restaurants range
from inexpensive and informal lunching or dining places
catering to people working nearby, with simple food served in
simple settings at low prices, to expensive establishments
serving refined food and fine wines in a formal setting. In the
former case, customers usually wear casual clothing. In the
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latter case, depending on culture and local traditions,
customers might wear semi-casual, semi-formal or formal wear.
Typically, customers sit at tables, their orders are taken by a
waiter, who brings the food when it is ready. After eating, the
customers then pay the bill. Restaurants may be classified or
distinguished in many different ways. The primary factors are
usually the food itself (e.g. vegetarian, seafood, steak); the
cuisine (e.g. Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, French, Mexican,
Thai) and/or the style of offering (e.g. tapas bar, a sushi train, a
restaurant, a buffet restaurant or a yum cha restaurant).
Beyond this, restaurants may differentiate themselves on
factors including speed (see fast food), formality, location, and
cost, service, or novelty themes (such as automated
restaurants).

[Link] food vs. Restaurant food

Restaurants can be loosely broken down into two broad
categories: fast food and casual sit-down establishments. The
same general factors discussed above dictate the performance
of each group, but sit-down restaurants tend to be more
expensive, making them even more sensitive to consumer
budgets and the health of the economy. Fast-food restaurants,
being less dependent on macroeconomic conditions, are better
defensive investment plays. In a recessionary environment,
their convenience and value make them attractive options for

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diners seeking inexpensive meals or for those trading down
from casual-dining establishments. Convenience is a major part
of the fast-food business model, so a vast network of stores is
essential to success. In addition to expansive hamburger chains,
there are a number of large players that focus on niches, such
as sandwiches and pizza. Fast food is responsible for most of
the industry's international sales. Foreign markets offer vast
growth potential for companies willing to take on the challenge
of finding a successful formula that appeals to a wide array of
customs and tastes. A well-know brand name provides a huge
leg up when expanding overseas, which is one reason why fast-
food makers dominate the international arena. The
convenience of these restaurants and their typically inoffensive
menus, which appeal to most diners, are other pluses.

1.3. Research Objective:

 To study preferences of youngster
 To study consumer behavior
 To study the hygiene factor maintained in street food
 To study class of people who prefer street food over
restaurant food.
 To analyze where youngsters get satisfaction.
 To study the mind sets of youngsters.
 To study which area is more preferred by youngsters for
street food.

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1.4. Benefits of study
 It will be benefit to students to study the difference.
 Benefited to the youngsters to make the choice.
 It helps to news players in food market.
 Also let the society be aware about the current trend.
 Helpful to know economy of the Industry.

1.5. Research Problem

 Street food:
The negative attitude of officials toward street food vendors
frequently reflects concerns about poor hygiene and the spread of
disease. Lacking staff to enforce rules and regulations, governments
have difficulty monitoring street food enterprises. These businesses
may be seen as a hindrance to the "modernization" of the traditional
food distribution system because they compete with licensed eating
establishments that have considerably higher operating costs.

 Restaurant food:
 Chain restaurants serve unhealthy food in oversized portions, which is
making people fat.
 Chain restaurants promote mediocrity and serve prepackaged, microwaved
food.
 Chain restaurants take away customers from better, local establishments.
 People who patronize chain restaurants should be educated on how to
enjoy better food by going to non chain restaurants instead.

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2. Literature review
Why street food vendors are fighting among themselves?
Street food was always about the spirit of sharing. Traders,
parking up at the side of a road (or in the middle of a field) and
happily lending out their socket sets and jump leads to fellow
traders. But, as of late, the sharing has been getting out of
hand. Traders are making off with each other’s property –
intellectual property – and passing off recipes, logos and ideas
as their own. It’s getting nasty. (Johnson, 2015)
The most vocal is The Ribman, purveyor of fine ribs and the
creator of Holy Fuck hot sauce. Maybe it was just a coincidence
when a burrito place in Glasgow came up with their own ‘Holy
Fuck’ hot sauce. In a virtually identical bottle. Or maybe they
knew that the name ‘Holy Fuck’ wasn’t covered under
trademark law because it was deemed too offensive. When
(Ribman, 2015 ) berated them on Twitter, the burrito place
changed the name to ‘Fuck a Duck’.
Street food represent ready-to-eat food sold on streets. It
could be on a bicycle, a stall or a small shop around the corner.
While some street food are authentic regional delicacies, others
are invented ones. These ready-to-eat street food of Lucknow
are often referred as finger-food too. You’ll find a number of

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such vendors / stalls outside schools & colleges, in markets,
near vegetable market (sabji mandi), near bus stands & railway
stations etc. With variety in flavor and taste, Lucknow street
food is delicious as well as economical. Someone rightly said
“Some of the world’s most authentic eats can be found in tiny
street-side stalls”. Street food is a luxury we can all afford.
(Popular Street Food Guide: Best Street Food in Lucknow, 2010)
Street Food in Lucknow is synonymous with great food! And
it's just the way it is. The city has great street food to offer in
the day as well as in the night and there are specific places
where you must go to enjoy the food at specific times of the
day. If you go to Lucknow and not eat the street food at the
Night Street Food Market at 1090 chowk, your trip is certainly
incomplete. So, if you did miss out on this, you must plan
another trip just for eating at the market. It's THAT legendary.
(Joshi, 2015).
1090 Chowk in history
Lucknow has a very interesting city planning style, and I believe
many cities built in past followed this. The city traditionally had
a city-center where delicious street foods are traded, and this
region came to be known as 1090 Chowk. Even today some of
the oldest street food stalls are located here. After 1090 Chowk
the city developed in rough concentric circles with trading as
the key deciding factor. Most precious things were traded at

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the center and as one moved farther form this hub the traded
products would be much less costly.
Based on this logic the center was also well protected part and
the access to it was limited. The traditional housing areas
(known as pols) were also in this region where the outside
traders had only limited access. However, with time things
changed and threat from outsiders also disappeared. 1090
Chowk remains the center of Lucknow and is still flocked by
locals and tourists alike for the taste opportunities of street
food. it offers during the day as well as in night.
Street Food at 1090 Chowk: All sorts of food is available, but
the most popular is, special ‘Dilli wale soya chaap’, grilled momos,
Krish special tea and kulfi. There are many stalls selling
pavbhaji, Pani Batashe, tandoori chaay.
* ‘Dilli wale soya chaap’
There are a number of soya chaap places here, the ‘Dilli wale soya
chaap’ is of course famous but we feel it is a little over-hyped. The one that
stands out though, is ‘Shiva Chaap’. The people who work here actually
care about the stuff they sell and it shows. Their malai chaap and the
classic tandoori, both are quite flavorful especially with the onions.

* ‘The fat dumpling Momo Cafe’

If you are a true Momo lover, you might be a little disappointed with the
absence of meat in the street food market. Don’t sweat, the beautiful char-
grilled tandoori mushroom, paneer and veggie momos are tasty enough to
tickle your taste-buds. We again love Shiva’s tandoori momos, but no-one
here does the dumplings more justice than the fat dumpling!

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* ‘Tandoori Chai’
The brewed tea hitting the over baked pot, the sizzle it creates, the way it cooks,
overflows and bubbles away, adds to the charm of drinking chai here.
Try Rodstar and Tandoori Fusion. The tea, here, is a bit more flavorful and
creamier.

[Link]
METHODOLOGY
This information deals with the detailed study of survey
between the street food and restaurant food. “Street foods"
describes a wide range of ready-to-eat foods and beverages
sold and sometimes prepared in public places, notably streets.
Like fast foods, the final preparation of street foods occurs
when the customer orders the meal which can be consumed
where it is purchased or taken away. Vendors' stalls are usually
located outdoors or under a roof which is easily accessible from
the street. They have low-cost seating facilities. Their marketing
success depends exclusively on location and word-of-mouth
promotion.

3.1 Research Design

This is a descriptive study with causal study.

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 Independent variables: environment, peer influence,
parental supervision, economic well-being, culture and
wellbeing.
 Dependent variable: situation or circumstances, stability,
psychological study. In simple words, hypothesis consists
pre-assumptions.

3.2 Hypothesis for research

1. Ho: there is no difference between gender and preference
of street food/restaurant food.
H1: There is difference between gender and preference of
street food/restaurant food.
2. Ho: people do no prefer to hang out with friend at street
food.
H1: people prefer to hang out with friends at street food.
3. Ho: people do not get satisfied eating at street food.
H1: people get satisfied eating at street food.
4. H0: qualification does not affect the preference of street
food/ restaurant food.
H1: qualification does affect the preference of street food/
restaurant food.
3.3 Sampling design:

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 Through random sampling and close ended questionnaire, I
get the information which helps me to research regarding
Street food v/s Restaurant food.
 The research was conducted among random 100 people
living in Lucknow.
3.4 Source of data collection
 Primary data for the age of 16-30 years.
 Secondary data Online survey and questionnaire
So, I have used the primary data because it a more relevant
and correct.
We have collected necessary information from many sources
which are as follows:
a) Data collected through Questionnaire.
b)Data from internet.

4. ANALYSIS OF STREET
FOOD AND RESTAURANT
FOOD
One variable analysis
Frequency tables and bar chart for one variable

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1. Your qualification?
a) Student
b) Working
c) House wife

TABLE: 4.1.

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 FIGURE: 4.1.
Interpretation:

From the research we can say that 56% of our respondents are
students who prefer more street food and restaurant food.

2. Which food do you prefer?

a) Street food
b) Restaurant food
c) Others

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 TABLE: 4.2.

FIGURE: 4.2.

Interpretation

From the survey of 100 we found that 53% of people prefer street food.
41% people prefer restaurant food.

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3. Why do you choose Restaurant food/street food?
a) Quality
b) Variety
c) Budge
d) Taste
e) Others

TABLE: 4.3.

FIGURE: 4.3.

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Interpretation

From the above graph we can say that people choose street
food/restaurant food because of quality. As from graph we can see that
33% people from total chose quality for deciding to have street
food/restaurant food.

4. How many times in a week do you prefer to go out for food?

a) 1’s a week
b) 2’s a week
c) 3’s a week

FIGURE: 4.4.

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Interpretation

From the survey we can say that 42% of people from 100 people goes
out ones in week for food.

5. How many times in a month do you prefer Street food?

a) 1’s in month
b) 2’s in month
c) 3’s in month
d) More than three times in month

FIGURE: 4.5.
Interpretation

From the table we can say that from 100 people 34% of people goes
out for street food ones in month.

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6. How many times in a month do you prefer Restaurant food?
a) 1’s in month
b) b) 2’s in month
c) c) 3’s in month
d) d) More than three times in month

FIGURE: 4.6.
Interpretation

Among the total respondents 34% of the respondents goes ones or

twice for restaurant food.

7. Where do you get satisfied?

a) Street food
b) Restaurant food

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 TABLE: 4.4.

FIGURE: 4.7.
Interpretation

From the above graph we can say that from the survey of 100 people
50% of people prefer street food and get satisfied.

8. How much of Rupees in a month do you spend for eating on

Street food?
a) 1000
b) 1500
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c) 2000
d) More than 2000

Table: 4.5

Figure:4.8

Interpretation
From survey of 100 people 58% people spend 1000rs on
street food in a month and only 4% people spend more than
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2000Rs. In a month for street food, this says that street food
is not very costly.

9. How much of Rupees in a month do you spend for eating

in Restaurant?
a) 1000
b) 2000
c) 3000
d) More then 3000

Table:4.6

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 Figure:4.9
Interpretation
From the above table 45% of people spend 2000Rs. In
restaurant food and only 8%spend more than 3000Rs. In
month for restaurant food.
10. Do you prefer Street food to hang out with friends?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be

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 Table:4.7

Figure:4.10
Interpretation
From the data we can conclude that 61% people prefer
street food to hang out at street food with their friends. So
street food is preferred more by youngsters.

5. FINDING
From the above first hypothesis we can easily see that 57 %
peoples believe that because of the engagement of their
municipality the city has been clear. On the other side 17 %
peoples think that city has been cleaner because of the non-
involvement of the municipality. Six percent people think that
city has not been clear though municipality is involved in the
cleanliness activities. Alternate hypothesis will be accepted as
the 45% region is for cleaner city because of municipality

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engagement. From the second hypothesis 61 believes that the
city has been cleaner and 27 believes that it not has been clear
from 100. But looking upon the most preferable 61% people
think that city has been cleaner due to the awareness of the
people. Thus the alternative hypothesis will be accepted.

6. CONCLUSION
Street food: in conclusion. There is a mistaken assumption that
food contamination is inevitable in street foods, yet millions of
people depend on this source of nutrition. Vendors know that
consumers watch the way food is prepared and notice whether
the work area and vendor's hands and clothes are clean and
tidy. They have everything to gain by appealing to customers
with improved practices learned through training in nutrition
and hygiene. Acknowledgement of the need for research and

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 assistance to improve the standards of street food activities is
needed.
Restaurants: in conclusion. No doubt, foodies will never stop
complaining about the existence of chain restaurants. Yet just
as undoubtedly, chain restaurants are here to stay. Lovers of
good food and supporters of local restaurants can and should
continue to do their part to promote the establishments that
they enjoy. But painting chain restaurants as the bane of
society and a threat to fine dining does little to promote the
foodies' cause. Chains fill a particular niche in the dining scene
of America, as well as worldwide, that isn't going to go away.
One may not enjoy every chain out there, but to write them all
off as inferior and substandard is to be as ignorant as foodies
claim those who patronize chain restaurants are.
From survey conducted for street food vs. Restaurant food for
the sample of 100 that include the people of age group of 16-30
years which had covered students, working and housewife, we
conclude that students get more satisfaction at street food,
working class of people also get more satisfaction at street food
but house wife gets more satisfaction at restaurant food. Street
food should be encouraged. Students prefer street food to
hang out with friends. We can also say that street food is good
option to start food chain. Street food should be encouraged,
new innovations and ideas can help the economy to develop.

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