Subject: Discrete Mathematical Structures
Subject Code: BCS405A
Semester: 4th
Scheme: 2022
Module-4: The Principal of Inclusion & Exclusion
Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion
Derangements
Rook Polynomials
First-order Recurrence Relations
) Second-order Homogeneous Recurrence Relations
with Constant Coefficients
website: vtucode.in]
. Principts of Coorkigy Do c|
Real 1) \no®l = lal+ley— laaal IAL = is ie et
oa) RnB = ROT , ond Javwl = Isi- Weel
a) |B oe\ = lava) = Isl-lnvel
\avel = Is}— ini lel+lao8l 2
fa © BS GCtled ta addiction PHaiple (or) Princzp le of
Inclusion — excliution for > Sets -
Principle Sk Trclusiay — Sxetetion bre 8 EN
fe - ‘an we Subeath ofS)
kk GS
don _
\s\ | DD ann rel
Jay VA 0 ~, UA = 2 bel+ S Moa | — SIN OA
geass Che ROP TY: - ~ Aan|
* oO
eet Mapetonhy, “2 So! of the
mw a amen ta §
“a cond (oemen) ue gen boy
| mt _ wy 9 sy
emit m= (HE + ( A) Sate Foo + Re
| .
S) The 0 ho tamerts fo & thak Sabtaly atleast ot
) 2) ~~
te “A tnd (12M 24) % geen by
a-m 1)
\ .
tm = sm -(,) gas + (EY) ete +e ie &,
sy = Dail.
') lak 8 = Sl,
ro AZO A
ST) ena) , a, 2 Dla A «|
Soe [Mroban... OMe f than @ becomes
[RO ALO... OWn| = & —S;t+Sam--> H-AdSq,
|
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ye y do thadey physics (a) , 20 Shudy chernistey Ce) 8
Btudy biology yy then one § Students oy A & By
4 biology Co) + how aa (
Aer A eye AERA OER DO
a ial
“there Ore 3 AHwealt fh”
ALB & Cc, a pr 008 & Ds 2 je @,c & DL
3 Roath tho 2 sro Study ut
br sc te Die Realy, TEN canary ay Hate,
of Heoe subjedts, Rad fee Tyoted no ot Shustenkt Topas
hostel .
Reln by deka, cia, Ila 20, lel= 20 lnlae
lAndle s, lac] =, lane) =u, leacl= le, eopl=y
lcndja 3a, JAnencl=3, fan®ad|=2 sl encorja2
[Ancaplea, IAneacenol/=2,
BoB pend] er:
qo find Is], wore Di ask of at Atdantt To Ae
hostel -
-|Roevcun|
\s|— |Ave ucub|
is] — [tei led leit iol) +
[tenel giancl + lanel + le nc| +180 01+ \cnal]
= [1Ane oc} +1aneool +(encad| + iancn ol |
i"
0
+ [Anencad|
> H = Isl _[iasac tae 48) 4 [6 -tatute+uae ]
x (aras2+3) 4a
=) IS] = 1e0 =p ted Be
tao.
A shidects tr tre hostel og
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Yael the Subject fing bee GQ)
mony Study G) exactly ene SabjeCe GE) tacky 2 Aulige ct
Aes exactly 3 Auk feces (tv) ables 1 Subject Cy) otloshy 2
Subpets (4) otltat dub ge cks
Solar wrt
Em =
pm (a
2 ta (n+) Sma + (42) Sota q. 4 1) (
N09,
® Le
“en! reus ovk of of
is Soe nw of Aladanka stealging exactly ‘an’ AvbjeUs ork ah
= ;
: yr (a) sn
= a eee + (28) sna q+ +
is the ne ot Ataded Atrdyloy allaast ‘on!
subjeus Lee |
we bow
Sez Ishetor. ye Lal Hel tet lol= Ge
laa a)+fenc} + lendl-+lan ol-+ len alt acl = 29
nn Bacl + lan Bad| + AAC ADI +Ie acoel
sye [Ane oe d] 22
So.
83
0
= \o
Mme = - (3) s.+(9 s,4(5) 54 = 6O—2%34 + BxLO-UXD
Beh
GO Fre & = (2)s3+(4)su = 39-a8xlo 6x2 = 91
i) Eg = $3 - (4) sy = bb 4x2 = 2
tw) Ly = si— (4) 82 +(3)% -(3sq =Gewkeqlo= 2 = 59
® Ges (a+) =
mo of Bo Bbacasts
in a hostel,
Economia
1 6 Atahag wogiaty «
ahd ou thee Aub jects «
IS shady HHstry, § Ady
Te te Frown Het 3 Atwdonht
Show that Hur one t or more
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hak A,B,C MP vdrent Beh, Preudigieg hictory , Economia %
Geogrpy wet. en
In) oc tS, |e) = 8, I= 6, Innenc| = 2
oa toe [Rabon] = Isl—-(Lisitientia) + {lane} +leocl
+iancl) — \aneodc|
=) (RaB nc\ = Be— (istetd) +(1Anel sland tancl)-2
= |aob)+lencl + fancd ~2
wer lanel >» lanbacl) , lencl > \ free
Jaac\ x» io aac| .
lRab atl » 3 laneac| —-2 £3x3-2=+4-
H) Determine We ae of posite tntagns kat pene too Such tha
fo) Oo ww not divicitle by 2,3 oF s.
GO otlaask uo ot «2 OS
AR zy disco ory
cat) Neacty ok 2,8 HS.
i S- {1,2,3... teh -- \s\ cleo.) So =100
sa WEE, wie ss Shstule by >
®-— 4 eee a
ae o &
(yw fad ROB nel & LAvBUC|
Or [Al me dawatts fn 8 ek dmb bY 2
Sie LE} = 60
ws le) = ps a = (33.33) = 33 |
lel = Jis2| = as |
|
= LAL +1e\4iel = Sp423429 =103 |
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a
nel
\n acl
jan el
So = IWHO+G = 3%
| Aoeac| = A tests tn § davisitle, x os 2,4,5
(G Len = 202) = | ve 22] «
a
& \AnEne\ = Is} ‘neaates) oe ape)
‘_ — \anenc|
ie .
2 = too — (Sb 433420) +(le +0 +6) —3
= 26
2 No ot taagus 1S ns Zoo , wt duisibl by omg 2,2 or 8
a ac.
\
fo Sy = lalt+|Bl ale] = Wet
sy = \ane|+ fenc| + lanel
83 = lananc{ =2-
a
Cry No, oF fategers bls | 800 divisible. by atleast
cue of
S68 & WY => (3) s+(3) 83 = ys 2742 = QO
ce) Bo tntegeas datsible by none & 568 8
\R 0B oe \s\ — S\ + S2 —S3 = S00 -\yS-f29-2 = WO
wed) inteaprss divigtbl. bYy exactly two
ff 5, 6,8 ts
B= &-(3) 8 = 29-ax> = 28
WW ve tt
eke gene Aksible by atleast hoo
S2-(2)s3= 29~ 2x2 =
= 2s,
i
Woo wory wos 5 oo F
a $)6,8 4
le =
ow ,y md wee 8S
£ A CA Ga be enexped wo thet a taenkicat lekltrs On
not ine Singh block 2
Peltogetor, thas Oe
yw ow bu,
Sein: -
Inieteers , in cohich Bone al,
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[ Is) = V8 s 4}
‘* 2 + A20 ms
sluy3b
ne ee avvongements fn oui ~
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. 7 Single blodle
ge cg wk oO in ie Rance) bbbb cco
& IAi\ = 8b == oso. ”
Ybaby
: a te ot tp ts
wt Us) oo hk wop Ah arranging ln oO
are toaetlur & |wole 4h, = Soy
SLwah
eS ee
gag ty ole OM
ral = ad # woe FTES
a iol
to a Wal = Se = Bee
awe shuyih .
. rey ott B aa
alco | Ntal = & ta _* ‘
G ou yh bs ow 8 i
aasacn bbbb Cec
eae
——
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ih ab
: aacae bEbh CSE
nie [oa 0 pail CMD yo mo
Sub
exon, OH ae
Lar O83 \ = _Sb _ = a — "
Way
aQoan bebb ccc
ond Ian A203) = 8} = 6 Ko A 2
ws pRB ate nFal = Ist [laitina) titel Ja [lan te) + leofal
+ {moral )— fro tan 4a)
= 29420 — [280+ 504 +1260 + [porua+a0) =i
= 2S46>
—S—=
Do oh thu, ath
Scanned by CamScannerFD) Rat tr 29 of
Premubakons
: ot letkews aAyb,c.. . KEY, 2
Oi ln White wone of de Potheary spin, aoe ) poke
or nk eceung -
Solot— Isl = 26]
lei) = 92
aR pawmokations Cork aining He
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fate vere ie #8 |
spt 2208s
. seis ee
_ ceed tI 2S
[iol 2 22 ch Pernekoons ceakaining te Potten " Aeers
= Geet = 29h
ws Mal <= 23h
jayl = Gears = 4h .
BPN Game- ol dustin’
5 = = 2 “ee
ey 0 ta) = (eee \ SS.
lh og) 2 0 (75 wo petstm con corks ,
Spin & parn)—P repented
a ptlern Ain i werd Spin,
p ts net ak end
iy aay| = (26-6) 41} = 3h
& Gonck be meabe
— Sa — > SPU eT
Th To
[Panel = © , lA2Ohyl =o , Hantal=o.
[rn Aanaglso, lar nagaryl=o , Jay on 430 fal =o
[mora Ag) = 0
Jan aanag nhl = 9.
Rey as. - | Ronn g0hy| a) Ry 082 OF 0 By, | :
Vel — {e Lest | + [ Z1%9 asl |— [Zao ngoie
+. ¥[toArn agnty
aol, - (2a, 4% 221) + (204 +211)
= O26 ‘mio?
w
=
BP Rnd We we ak pawmubotsons of Me chigals
An wlth the locks
\ Hrough 4
we SH, Yos de wok APPR -
B) 36) Fe, GA do wot oppret
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Scanned by CamScannerSo@ a) Is! as perm cbabions st te Sots [tv 4 &
Isk= al
lalec
A parmekabons gf Ito Fd fuck ot 23 W
(Pret) Conkatncd Mw ok
> eee = 8 i
ww A Vast
lao| = GQ = 8
lag) = Gas] = wh os
Lay nda\ = Gp, = 4 7 ay)
Jay oas) = Gea} = 6
lan gas) = @=sFot = cl
Jr daa As) = GOH Ss]
28,547 HOS
mo Ve
KOM
ar Reg se = lB oF RI
: = Isl [x tan} Lo vo agi) — IRON I
= a, - Corestaaye Gyrerscl) — Sh
= 2rasco.
———
5) lel= a4
Lalede fe pernwkokend tute tink 96S 3
2 Gah Fl
o> Geert =
leo) = Geert: aL
lana) = Get = 7]
ac, 642
>
Coenee ‘
Jay ofa) = ¢ 2 | a2
4B, 632
IArnas) = o.
pas [er Aa naa) =o
ths Reg we = TAY NA2 VAS
a, — (2xap4ar)+ (saet 6b)
= 282,960
———-
Scanned by CamScannerq) Jo how mony Bays Sn 2G leelert ct erglth olplebak
b) exacly 3 &
©) otttort 3 of goktturS cAR, DOG, PON &| BYTE occimst.
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lee fh, Bo, Ba, fy be sa oh Permutobions conkaining SU
potkeame = CAR, OOM, fen, BITE
ahove Tee:
CAR
lel = GeRRINF = 24h VRS as ateay
We) = aul
\eal = 24h
lay) =
eer} = 23)
Janna) = Gercrspp = 4b
VAY Be
LAAs] = O6=6+2}} = aol
[aore) = Geo} = ah
cae OE
Un WwW
Lerotsl = @6=e+4 = rh
[ar oty) = Geese = 2th
ag acy) = @e—a+a] aol
mana fal = estat = ash
cae,Ded PON __
[roaa o Ay)
aS
ie Ty 2 1
= @eatetst = tah
Lag. A390 Ag] =(aetop2>4 < 10
[ao 0 Aaa y) = Corer = 19)
gale naam Azo Ag) = (2e—WBtH)4 = Ib
0 Rey no = [Rona VAR U RG] = Fi nin 8 Aa o Aa |
SS La = ( ovay 2a) 4 funsat vena] tenn eee mt
= Yo Kier”
Ce) Em = Sn — (81) Sy + (22) Sera Fe
me eet)
(ax224 sanail )— ax (soyeaniah) + ent \
3.514 KIO"!
"
y
acai
Scanned by CamScannerGay &
® Ess Sy ae = (20) Vda) te i, (b)
= Ao xiol®
‘ = Breall “oot \
Gv) Lan = Sm Sr + (8) saa “y
Lag=x Sy -—
3s 83 (3) Sy = awAL-+ teh > aati
= 2.493 x08
owe Can cervonye fhe Parthing try Mba bees
Ws) Ba how mony eye
9 Co RRE SPonsDE STS ao khok
G) there & pats gf consecative pdontted Githiny
qa) Ten oOo exactly = 2 pains oh contacting fbn diol Ay 5b ot
ci) ou A So. o& | ”
| Selsi- WSL = uy “2 Quan werd hos 1 & aM
ayataialal 2 6 ee "i
lefty, 3, Aw, NS te ta Heh St Peanrutationn , tof
thes
2 comsecutve = .
"os ) Ba, nace ep ptanaie pen sat + l
oO 4
al = \ts). Ke tr
lal = 12h = \Aq)
Ty ON
|as aay) = i oe oe ie
[ps \
See 1c, ABA a n'y
Jao 4) AAR) = UL een ss 0, &R, BE
ey om =z Se ye
en aoe
lan AA RO fel = ah = —> gb oe, atte %
(2) ~— wy
apes SDs
Jaca AL Awa ANAT = ah 5 Se REEVE
“any = V7 yo) {bE
é isl Aut,
ay ’
s = O5.% 12h a) x 1h
sy? > ert’
$3 = Sc, x Mh s 5 tol S,
ae . = 4
(y=? 4 sa * Toy , 855 tg (
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” JA Ora UAE OMy, v Ag] = |* NANA 9 Ay 9 Ay | @
Se
= \el — 5, + Sa— 83 + Sy-Se
= Mat S% 131 torr at
~ —lox tb \
(a1 (24)4 7 eo tay +Sxel -7)
= p86 046420
Gt) EL = Sa- (3) 83 + (3) s,- (S)ss
= Voy t2b = S4ORU exile _ ef
C2478 Ty al
2 aSplwApec
Ge) ta = 8a- (3) 4 +(D so
= tox
— 8x5xIo4
Gy a aac Mab
= AMWAS 3280
fo
\) 30 wow many ometh Con thw tebngpan, 1,23...10 ke arrest
; :
Pf o Mew Softhak nesta tel te tm ats potas PLA
Sehr. toh Wt tel CF permutabions)
Sola t~
legis - set Gh AK permutation oh the gra tabagers , ole
au tae ik mabvol place . : ro,
big wate, ey SE RE ae
Py Woe Be Sek of «att purmetabont |
& so on:
Ria MaAs 9 Ay 0 *s |
co fad | ‘ * 3 pose em ba bg by---- biol,
. °
the porm wir akiont Yn AY ane at ad aa
tune bibgby-. bre S & pear utakioa 2%
wo
“<< @ ;
& ey = a : @ a
wd La) = [Ral = Ifyl = Fast = 95
ad
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Sue pesmutation io fr A Az We atl st tae fore )
~ br bab bebe. bio , Shee bpba bs bee bie & ~
feamukation st 1,3,5,6.-. 10 -
oo Lar Aa] = BY ® © -—
WS papa agh = Sho vi:
ot S = DTIMAAN] = Sc, * FL
Hee S35 Segx tL 5 Sy = Scyr bh 4 es = Se5* Sl
vo Rey se = | Ain An Fyn Fy 9 As]
= & —8+Sa.— 53+ Sy - Ss
= tol —SxIL + Sa xt — Seg Xk + Sey 2G ~ Sees}
= 210,680
12) Find te 22 A none negative Feckager Solubeny ot He &E
Kyra tra tay = 18, Vndes un orl re te oey FEA At:
Sin t- Lek Sy He Ee SE ck adn —nagakve fnkigsr Solubtens of
due gin GD The no oh such Solubtoy & CCrtte—1, 18) =
Fist Gat Wed. > So = 1330
lee Aye eubsek of § 4 tek Contarns ron negative integer
cols of The gf nclag thre Cond™ AW yA We%/O, KBW® MUO
Ae f (tr, Ty) ES | «> +}
aye
ANT Ar = { Causa, he, Ay) es] ka ray
Aye
tye { Cu, %, wes] 77}
Law &
Ay = ¥ Ca, 0, a, xy) es | xy]
. Lees
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kt oy, = By Hen ay YA wr) Ae Hy S179
a UY AA Aa-rRYy HIS Geen aes
YAR 4 Art 1g $%y = 1S
SD yt ta 4ty ey = 10>
wo ot non~negotur Tkeges Solos of ter
c(yto-t,10) = ¢(13,10) = Ini).
wed [aa) = bes) = ly) = f13,10) _f
ve Sy te, x BIH) = 4x (13,10) 2 fey |
ae yg =H=H-F, Yr axa—-By then
M7 BWW & 274 =) W279.
3 Ay tte tia +%y = 18 Leeco mtd
GABE. FE 4 AZAR = 1 ]Y) gat +4 =
2 No ah non negadite takagts sole of thir & = C(H424,2)
= 05,2) = [total = l Aan Aa) = Jaa Oey] = lain tal =
= IMa Ay) = Ita fy) |
“. So ze Ne Vain al = 6% re 2) => Sa=Ge
Leno fte O Aa | = wo. ft “nkegee ora ot Khe SQ CIT 477) AVE, ,
ag 72, Buk dit G& wok posible Since He Som Ww te.
oo [mAtanasl so = lay naan ty) = Jar nfa a Ay) =
(Aro Ag nary) = ° > (Sa=0
Also laafan 430 44| = 0- => (su= 2]
Reg nec] HOR OAR AY] = so—SitSa — 83 tS
TRIE Ta ayy 2 ewe a
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ty Wt. +4, = 20 Such Hock 224H¢S, ye Arf 45
—24£%3 449°
Solax- bk Y, = W-2, Yr Aa 4, Ya = Aste
Aen irre, Ya we, AYare-
Yyt24+Yyaty +4377 = 20
Yi ta tg = le.
Gian Ee beconres
Ike |S) = me t nen maga feck get solubont of tw Gp
Yetetyy ste. Be FH cual Gols (ate VI) = c(i, 16)
ye | \s\ = €(18,16) |
2 yen MES |
lb m= § Gande48) | wiz2y &
¥,<3-
pa = Slav, 93) | 73 i
" WY olen AVE V3
43 = fun va4s) | a3 ow} Len ty 2% Yee
43 Ae
ae ZS OTH then 270 ®r a 73 Cor > 4)
ui aatels, Sek Ee
=I
zy4y+Y4o74a = 16 Sy Zita Ma 2
inte ois of Zeta tgs te cCa424, 2)
ee
c (ui) =
= } yar = ctu) = \no) ‘|
: at
4a ru:
fae 23 = Ya —!> , Wao zaz7o | Y
becomes Yy +427 Agate
Z. ay FDA, =I
Qatva +23 = 4
pon magabive tebtogx Goins ok Met Za= 4 *
c(stutu)= © C64)
2 J imals Co) |
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IM aa2)= 4s
wo of nen negating indager Solr of the wry
mty t+ Ze t+ ytyg = lb
Ztztts = ¥
= (348-1, 8) = clo, 3
eee
Java 3) no SE none Te Ink Sols Ah ty t+ Zale
Loads) = 2 =
& yrzrt%3 = O°
= ¢(ato-1, 0) = c(2,0)
—
Jano Aal = no tan te ink Sol st ty jt Zar 4s 2a Haale
- a Opt Za 2a = ©
= c(2,e).
lar Aa O Ka) = 2 nen ee ink Sole ot te & ween
- SpAYoAR HIG wore wi72, 427% 3
uw le.
Buk te tw not pottttle » Since Ree Suen
Reguisd wo = [a9 Aa 0 Fal
. = On ” :
me | See ZL ten apotel
am S| —
2,
Wee — [24 Mey + bey} + Lee + 2% ce |
= 8.
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XX oon 4 abadentt —coiths fa) exactly 2 Atudonks ghheg
Roling (CH) cotleart a atactonty opting ne ltsiey
BOS 0
Ey ond by
Sela }- we haw to tind
we he ey
Sa-(Da (ser 0
&.- (7) 2 +(?) Sy oF... + ®
bate Ay, Ar, Ag, Ae
LW =
toe & Awol Zh =a which 10
Aictindk = pHzed OAD fo be Atty b uted -
& Se Hea % Jara asl
pote AN AGS oe HO A awhitubing to distack
prized onmey ly Abudurts 4° forok 2 Atrdecte get watering
= ne of way & ditibubiny 10 ciskiack prize, omen 2 Sd)
. Prize} — 2 Absde
2: P22 — 1 N=
- ‘
2 i
Prize lo —> thd 2H
z Sateb= 2K2K-. KD haces
Reo S, 2 He, 4 Jara ag aan] = 2!0
ae Haetiadkl = ae of oD of aistibubby to dé shiack
prizet Omer 4 Akudaatt » Ao drat 3 Aude Sie s
= wo t wo ot dishibutieg © dishack Pwr emery | Shu
oa °
10 Tray t
2 [83 = tegx! <4
7s 4
win tee Sy, Sc-.. OT al Anos:
o%*O@ > E, = GIy — 274 =?
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wone of tha object fs iq i notot plac (original place)
TS Cates davergemant . :
EXees- Permukakion Gt ‘ni disteck object pmB.- fo na
sige ve we ta Ba 1 plete, 2 te mele tn ee
pet ta tee Ot plan ts & derangement -
co gretinek olprecte
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flac... A
who
ABS UW derotcd by da ond 4 Been by Mee pe
Cs - | rpebe the 0. 36486)
tobl
a List alt da ety
REN oe ol i morgen
SSS f+ a] e
Sélynt- dy = HI +3 +4], ee
mLY
= kyx eveet +5,
= aux (i2=utl)
ay
dy = 9 Te davonpemad ode!
2 & y 1 3 4 1d yu) 23
2 yw 13 a 4y 2) yu 3 1 >
2 1 yd Boy ye y sat
ed
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2 1,24 4,5@
wee sees peed a
cet bed
= (20% (Ge- 2045-1)
120
= Wy:
a) Zh Wow mony Sous CXL Can ovvony, He nO 1,243... 10
Ao Mak 1G wot thy (St Pla, 2 net in ard plece.
lo is net in le place 7
\
fn dee toh Iho ih
= lol XT 2 4g) as, 036
CG wen e@
ic + ay t
Ae le =
= i + Zaeree = 0.2644)
K) Lust 0) davenprnents oF pole 152, )4,S,6 shew (erst
B wola ome 1,2,3 In Some order
Co lgac. E St devonyrend Be 1,203 In Some ewan & ds.
fi et no tk Use, dg,
i y 5
Bowots cu 1,23 tm Some dr ie daxda = da’ =2=4
2 a \ Ss
3 \ a S
a 3 ! 6
3 \ 2 =
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