By : Alia

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

Pectoralis major it arises by two heads: Flexion (clavicular head), lateral and medial pectoral
Clavicular head: from the adduction and medially nerves.
medial half of the anterior the lateral lip of the bicipital rotation of the arm
aspect of the clavicle. groove
Sternocostal head from the with latissmus dorsi, it draws
lateral half of the anterior the trunk
surface of the sternum. towards the upper limb as in
• upper 6 costal cartilages. climbing and swimming
Pectoralis minor It arises from the 3rd, 4th, It is inserted into the medial Protraction and depression of medial pectoral nerve
and 5th ribs, border and upper the scapula.
near their costal cartilages. surface of the coracoid
process of the scapula

Subclavius muscle from the first rib at its subclavius groove on the stabilizes the medial end of nerve to subclavius
costochondral junction lower surface of the clavicle the clavicle during
movement of the shoulder
joint

Serratus anterior 8 fleshy digitations from the into the ventral surface of the 1. The main Protractor of the he long thoracic nerve (nerve
upper 8 ribs medial border of the scapula scapula of Bell
and the ventral surface of the 2. The lower five digitations C5, 6,7)
inferior angle together with the upper and
the lower fibers of trapezius
rotate the scapula laterally
3. It fixes the scapula to the
posterior thoracic wall
4. Assists in deep inspiration
 By : Alia

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

The Deltoid muscle 1. Anterior border of the 1. Anterior fibers: flexion axillary nerve (C5, 6)
lateral third of the clavicle. 2. Posterior fibers: extension
2. Lateral margin of the the deltoid tuberosity 3. The middle fibers: abduct
acromion. of the shoulder from 15 to 90
3. Lower lip of the crest of degrees
the spine of scapula.
Supraspinatus from the medial 2/3 of the the upper impression of the 1. Abduction of the shoulder suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)
supraspinous fossa. greater tuberosity of the from 0 – 15 degrees. from the upper trunk of the
humerus 2. Support the capsule of brachial plexus
sholder joint superiorly

Subscapularis muscle 1. Adduction, extension, and Upper and lower subscapular

medial rotation of nerves (C5, 6) from the
the medial 2/3 of the the lesser tuberosity of the the shoulder joint. posterior cord of the brachial
subscapular humerus 2. Support the capsule of plexus
fossa. shoulder joint anteriorly

The teres major the dorsal aspect of the lower the medial lip of the bicipital adduction, extension, and lower subscapular nerve
1/3 of the lateral border of the groove of the humerus medial rotation of the
muscle scapula shoulder

Infraspinatus muscle medial 2/3 of the the middle impression of the 1- Lateral rotation of the suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)
infraspinous fossa greater tuberosity of the shoulder joint. from the
humerus 2- Support the capsule of upper trunk of the brachial
shoulder joint posteriorly plexus
Teres minor muscle the upper 2/3 of the dorsal the lower impression of the 1- Lateral rotation of the axillary nerve
surface of lateral border of greater tuberosity of the shoulder joint.
the scapula humerus 2- Support the capsule of
shoulder joint posteriorly
 By : Alia

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

1. Medial third of the superior a. Upper fibers inserted into the 1. Upper fibers elevate the 1. Motor: spinal root of the
The trapezius nuchal line. posterior border shoulder. accessory nerve.
2. External occipital of the lateral third of the clavicle. 2. Middle fibers retract the 2. Proprioceptive: by fibers from
protuberance. b. Middle fibers inserted into the shoulder. the third and fourth cervical
3. Ligamentum nuchae. medial margin of the acromion. 3. Lower fibers depress the nerves.
4. Spine of 7th cervical vertebra. c. Lower fibers inserted into the shoulder.
5. All the thoracic spines and upper border of the crest of the The upper and the lower fibers
their spine of the scapula. of trapezius + the lower five
supraspinous ligaments digitations of serratus anterior
rotate the scapula laterally
during abduction of the shoulder
from 90 –180 degrees
1. Lower six thoracic spines and the floor of the bicipital groove 1. Adduction, extension and nerve to latissmus dorsi
Latissmus dorsi their supraspinous ligaments of the humerus medial rotation of the scapula (thoracodorsal nerve)
deep to the trapezius. 2. Together with the pectoralis
muscle 2. Posterior part of the outer lip major, it draws the trunk
of the iliac crest. upwards towards the upper limb
3. Lower three or four ribs.
4. Dorsal surface of the inferior
angle of the scapula
the transverse processes of the the dorsal surface of the medial 1. Elevation of the scapula. the ventral rami of C 3, 4, 5
Levator scapulae upper border 2- Lateral flexion of the neck
four cervical vertebrae of the scapula from the superior
angle to the root
of the spine

the lower part of the ligamentum the dorsal surface of the medial
Rhomboidus minor nucha border
(c5,6), and the spines of 7th of the scapula opposite the root
cervical and 1st of the spine BOTH BOTH
thoracic vertebrae and their
supraspinous retraction of the scapula dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to
ligament rhomboidus)
 the spines of 2nd to 5th thoracic the dorsal surface of the medial
Rhomboidus major vertebrae and their supraspinous border of the scapula from the
ligaments root of the
spine to the inferior angle

Name Origin Insertion Action Nerve supply

1-Short head: from the tip of the the posterior rough part of the Flexion of the elbow the musculocutaneous nerve.
Biceps brachii coracoid process radial tuberosity 2- It is powerful supinator of the
2. Long head: from the It gives a flat sheath called the forearm when
supraglenoid tubercle bicipital aponeurosis which elbow is flexed. “screwdriver”
passes medially and fuses with 3-Assists in flexion of the
the deep fascia of the arm shoulder

the tip of the coracoid process the middle of the medial border flexion of the shoulder joint and the musculocutaneous nerve. It
The coracobrachialis of the shaft of the humerus. assists in its adduction supplies the muscle before
piercing it

the anterior surface of the lower the anterior surface of the the main flexor of the elbow joint --Musculocutaneous nerve.
The brachialis half of the shaft of the humerus coronoid process of the ulna. Radial nerve
the front of intermuscular septa

1. Long head: from the infra- the posterior part of the superior 1- Extension of the elbow joint. radial nerve (each head receives a
The triceps glenoid tubercle. surface of the olecranon process 2- Long head assists the separate branch)
2. Lateral head: from an oblique of the ulna extension of shoulder joint.
area above the spiral groove. 3- When the arm is abducted, the
3. Medial head: from the long head supports
posterior surface of the lower half the head of humerus inferiorly
of the humerus
 By : Alia
Name Origin Action Nerve supply
• The main pronator of the
Pronator teres forearm.
• Helps in the elbow flexion

• Flexion of the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis
the front of the medial • Abduction of the wrist
by
epicondyle of the humerus • Flexes hand
Palmaris longus
called common
• Tightens the palmar aponeurosis median nerve
•Flexes middle and proximal
Flexor digitorum flexor origin phalanges of medial 4 fingers
• Flexes the wrist
superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Flexion of the wrist
• Adduction of the wrist
Unlar nerve

Name Action Nerve supply

Flexor Digitorum • flexes the distal interphalangeal All are supplied by
(DIP) joints of medial four digits.
Profundus • Helps to flex the wrist joint anterior interosseous nerve.
except
Flexes interphalangeal (IP),
the medial half of flexor
Flexor Pollicis
metacarpophalangeal (MCP)& carpometacarpal digitorum profundus
Longus (CM) joints of supplied by the ulnar nerve.
thumb

Pronator • Pronates forearm (chief pronator)

• Hold the bones together
Quadratus
 By : Alia
Name Origin Action Nerve supply
Brachioradialis • Arises from the upper 2/3 lateral • Flexes the elbow
supracondylar • Put the forearm in mid-prone
ridge position
• Arises from the lower 1/3 lateral
supracondylar • Extends the hand
Ext. carpi radialis longus All are supplied by deep
ridge • Abduct the hand
branch of radial nerve,
Ext. carpi radialis brevis EXCEPT ABE
• Extends the medial four digits. • A, anconeus
Ext. digitorum
• Extends the wrist
• B, Brachioradialis
Ext. digiti minimi • Extends the little finger.
Arise from the Common Extensor • Helps in the extension of the wrist • E, Ext. carpi radialis longus
Origin (front of lateral epicondyle). • Extends the hand
Ext. carpi ulnaris These 3 muscles are
• Adducts the hand
supplied by the radial nerve
itself
Anconeus Arises from the posterior of lateral Weak extensor of the elbow joint
epicondyle.

Supinator Supination of the forearm DEEP MUSCLE

Abductor pollicis
Abducts the thumb
longus
Extends the thumb at
Extensor pollicis metacarpophalangeal joint and
brevis extends the carpometacarpal
joint
All are supplied by
Extensor pollicis • Extends the joints of thumb posterior interosseous nerve.
• helps in the extension of the
longus wrist
• Extends the index finger
Extensor indicis • helps in the extension of the
wrist
 By : Alia

Name Origin Action Nerve supply

Abductor pollicis brevis
Abduction of the thumb (brings the thumb at a
‫كلهم بيتغذوا بال‬
right angle with the other fingers

Flexor pollicis brevis by the deep branch of

flexion of the thumb. the ulnar nerve
‫ما عدا‬
Opponens pollicis
-1st and 2nd (the lateral
opposition of the thumb two)lumbrical
it has two heads: - Abductor pollicis brevis.
Adductor pollicis 1. Transverse: arises from the anterior surface of the - Flexor pollicis brevis.
shaft of the 3rd metacarpal bone.
2. Oblique head: arises from the bases of the 2nd and - Opponens pollicis
3rd metacarpal bones. adduction of the thumb
Insertion --> the medial side of the base of the
proximal phalanx of the thumb.
-A sesamoid bone is usually present in this tendon.
‫بيتغذوا بال‬
median nerve
1. Abductor digiti minimi: abduction of the little finger.
Muscles of the 2. Flexor digiti minimi: flexion of the little finger.
3. Opponens digiti minimi: pulls the 5th metacarpal bone forwards to deepen the hollow of
hypothenar eminence the palm.

These are four muscles. Each arises from the lateral they flex the metacarpophalangeal
The Lumbrical muscles side of the tendon of the flexor joints and extend the interphalangeal
digitorum profundus of its finger joints [Writing Position] of the
fingers upon they act.

The interossei muscles - These are four palmar and four dorsal interossei.
- The palmar interossei adduct (PAD) the fingers (thumb, index, ring and
little fingers).
- The dorsal interossei abduct (DAB) the fingers (index, middle and ring
fingers)