SOFTWARE CONSTRUCTION

CBSC4103
DR. MARIAYEE DORAISAMY
TOPIC 1
01 Software Crisis
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02 System Development Methodology

Waterfall, Spiral, Rapid Application Development, Rational Unified Process and etc.
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03 Waterfall Life Cycle

Feasibility Study, Requirement Analysis and Specification, System Architecture Design,
Implementation and verification, Installation and Delivery, and Maintenance

04 Software Specification Characteristics

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05 Modeling Techniques
Structured Modeling and Object Oriented Modeling
SOFTWARE
C R I S I S
Projects running over-budget
Projects running over-time

Project was of low quality.

Project often did not meet requirements.

Project was very inefficient.

Project was never delivered.

Rapidly increasing in software demand, complexity

of software and software challenges.
With increase in the complexity of software, many
software problems arise because existing methods
were insufficient.

Projects were unmanageable and code difficult

to maintain.
 Market Research
• The process of gathering, analyzing and
interpreting information about what
customers want.

• The existing need and future needs are

analyzed and interpret in order to get
support customer requirements.

• A detail market research could reduce

software crisis.
 Next

System Development Methodology

Software Development Methodologies

 Waterfall Model
 Prototype Methodology
 Agile Software Development Methodology
 Rapid Application Development:
 Dynamic System Development Model Methodology
 Spiral Model
 Extreme Programming Methodology
 Feature Driven Development
 Joint Application Development Methodology
 Lean Development Methodology
 Rational Unified Process Methodology
 Scrum Development Methodology

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 Waterfall Model

To Determine cost Install the system at user

and benefit of the Design database, input,
place and test run. (types of
project and make output and overall
installation direct, parallel,
decision whether interface design
phase by phased and pilot)
to proceed the
project
Requirement
Implementation & Maintenance
& Analysis
Verification

Feasibility Installation &

Design
Studies delivery

Gather business and Develop the system, Maintain the system (types
system requirements perform UAT, FAT, of maintenance corrective,
by producing BRS, PAT, WAF testing and adaptive, preventive and
WBS, SRS and etc. verification perfective)
(including functional
and non-functional
testing)
 Requirement Characteristics
Complete Consistent and Non- redundant
A requirement should be specified for all conditions that can Each requirement should be expressed only once and should not
occur overlap with another requirement

Consistent
Unambiguous There should not be any conflicts between the requirements.
There should be only one way to interpret the requirement.
Sometimes ambiguity is introduced by undefined acronyms
Understandable
Requirements should be grammatically correct and written in a
Testable (verifiable) consistent style. Standard conventions should be used. The word
“shall” should be used instead of “will,” “must,” or “may.”
Testers should be able to verify whether the requirement is
implemented correctly. The test should either pass or fail. To
be testable, requirements should be clear, precise, and Feasible (realistic, possible)
unambiguous. The requirement should be doable within existing
constraints such as time, money, and available
Clear (concise, terse, simple, precise) resources
Requirements should not contain unnecessary
verbiage or information. They should be stated
clearly and simply

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WHY WE NEED TO USE SOFWARE
DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

1 To have Systematic Development

2 To produce a quality software / project

To make sure all the roles within project

3
collaborate based on methodology

To monitor and control the software/

4
project development

5 To lead software / project success

 TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS

01 Formal - Informal Specification

Text Based / Natural Language

Operational - Descriptive Specification 02

Construct model ( Physical / Abstract / Mathematic
Equations) and behavior
03 Textual – Graphical Specification
Graphical

**Try to find the Pro and Cons of each type specification

 Data Modeling
For the purpose of software development, we can have two types of data modeling which are Structured Modeling
and Object Oriented Modeling.

Object Oriented Modeling

Structured Modeling

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) UML Modeling

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Class Diagram
 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
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STUDENT Register Name

ENTITY RELATIONSHIP ATTRIBUTE

Add Text Add Text

Name NRIC A BSubjectName SubjectCode

STUDENT Register SUBJECT

 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM(DFD)
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STUDENT Registration DATABASE / TABLE

ENTITY ATTRIBUTE
Add TextPROCESS
Add Text

A B
Login Verify
STUDENT 1 DATABASE / TABLE STUDENT
Login

Register Subject 2 DATABASE / TABLE SUBJECT

DATABASE / TABLE
Registration REGISTRATION
Confirmation by
email
Revision Questions
Topic 1
 What is software crisis?
 What are problems that can be classified as software crisis?
 What is market research?
 What is software development methodology?
 What are types of Software development methodology?
 Why software development team need to use software
development methodology?
 What are the phases in software development methodology?
 What is feasibility study?
 Types of design focuses ?
 Types of maintenance?
 Specification Requirement Characteristics ?
 Structured Approach like DFD and ERD
Thank You