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Chapter 11 Martin Luther King

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76 views10 pages

Chapter 11 Martin Luther King

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”

English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
Student’s Name: Camporro Ana – Manrique Aldana – Oliva Maira – Senese Micaela
Deadline:

Class 11 – 13 th May 2024

1. The American Civil War explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6N2P5yM0oU


2. PPP Slavery in the US
3. PPP Civil Rights before and after the Civil War
4. Reconstruction. Watch this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icOFEc5uVts
5. Investigate the difference between Law and Act.
Law refers to a system of rules and regulations that are enforced by a governing authority as
a government or judicial system. It encompasses a wide range of legal principles, norms,
statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions that govern behavior within a society.
An Act refers to a specific piece of legislative body, such as a parliament or congress. Acts
are often used to create, amend, or repeal laws within a legal system.
6. Investigate about Martin Luther King.
 Who was he?
He was a prominent civil rights leader, activist, and Baptist minister who played a pivotal
role in the American civil rights movement.

 What were the key events and influences in Martin Luther King Jr.’s early life that shaped
his views on civil rights and social justice?
King was born into a family with a strong history of civil rights activism. His father instilled
in him the values of equality, justice, and nonviolent protest from a young age. Growing up
int the racially segregated South, King experienced firsthand the injustices of racial
discrimination and he was exposed to African America literature, history, and culture,
which deepened his understanding of the struggles faced by his community. One of the
pivotal moments in King’s life was when he witnessed the mistreatment of African
Americans due to segregation laws.

 What were some of the challenges and obstacles that Martin Luther King Jr. faced in his
advocacy for civil rights, and how did he respond to them?
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
King faced fierce opposition from segregationists, including government official, law
enforcement, and white supremacist groups. They used intimidation tactics and violence,
but King responded by emphasizing nonviolent protest. He and others activist challenged
these laws through legal avenues, such as court cases and legislative advocacy. King and
his family were subjected to numerous threats and acts of violence. Despite these
dangers, King remained.

 What were Martin Luther King Jr.’s views on economic justice, and how did they influence
his activism beyond the fight against racial segregation?
He believed strongly in economic justice as an integral part of his advocacy for civil rights.
His views on economic justice were deeply influenced by his Christian faith, moral
principles, and commitment to addressing systemic inequalities. He recognized that racial
discrimination was closely intertwined with economic disparities. His activism extended
beyond racial segregation to encompass a broader vision of social and economic justices
for all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or background.

 Copy his famous speech: “I have a dream”. Translate it.

I HAVE A DREAM
Martin Luther King, Jr.
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration
for freedom in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed
the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of
hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It
came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the
Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.
One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast
ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the
corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come
here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our
republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence,
they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a
promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the
"unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that
America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.
Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a
check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there
are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to
cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security
of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This
is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.
Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark
and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our
nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time
to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer
of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of
freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty‐three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who
hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor
tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt
will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which
leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be
guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the
cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of
dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical
violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with
soul force.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a
distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence
here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have
come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.
We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We
can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police
brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel,
cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be
satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can
never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self‐hood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in
Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.
No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters,
and righteousness like a mighty stream."¹
am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some
of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where
your quest ‐‐ quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered
by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to
work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to
Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the
slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be
changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.
And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a
dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:
"We hold these truths to be self‐evident, that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the
sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom
and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor
having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" ‐‐ one day right
there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys
and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be
made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight;
"and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."2
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.
With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this
faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony
of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle
together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free
one day.
And this will be the day ‐‐ this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing
with new meaning:
My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow‐capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.
But not only that:
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village
and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when
all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics,
will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!3

“TENGO UN SUEÑO”
Martin Luther King Jr.
Estoy muy feliz de reunirme hoy con ustedes en lo que pasará a la historia como la mayor
manifestación por la libertad en la historia de nuestra nación.
Hace muchos años, un gran estadounidense, en cuya sombra simbólica nos encontramos
hoy, firmó la Proclamación de Emancipación. Este decreto trascendental fue como un gran
faro de esperanza para millones de esclavos negros, había sido quemado en las llamas de
una marchita injusticia. Llegó como un amanecer alegre para terminar la larga noche de
cautiverio.
Pero cien años después, las personas negras todavía no son libres. Cien años después, la
vida de las personas negras sigue todavía tristemente paralizado por los grilletes de la
segregación y por las cadenas de la discriminación. Cien años después, las personas negras
viven en una isla solitaria de pobreza en medio de un vasto océano de prosperidad material.
Cien años después, las personas negras todavía siguen languideciendo en los rincones de la
sociedad americana y se sienten como exiliadas en su propia tierra. Así que hemos venido
hoy aquí a exponer una situación vergonzosa.
Hemos venido a la capital de nuestra nación en cierto sentido para cobrar un cheque. Cuando
los arquitectos de nuestra república escribieron las magnificentes palabras de la Constitución
y de la Declaración de Independencia, estaban firmando un pagaré del que todo americano
iba a ser heredero. Este pagaré era una promesa de que a todos los hombres –sí, a los
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
hombres negros y también a los hombres blancos– se le garantizarían los derechos
inalienables a la vida, a la libertad y a la búsqueda de la felicidad.
Hoy es obvio que América ha defraudado en este pagaré en lo que se refiere a sus
ciudadanos de color. En vez de cumplir con esta sagrada obligación, América ha dado al
pueblo negro un cheque malo, un cheque que ha sido devuelto marcado ‘sin fondos’.
Pero nos negamos a creer que el banco de la justicia está en bancarrota. Nos negamos a
creer que no hay fondos suficientes en las grandes arcas bancarias de las oportunidades de
esta nación. Así que hemos venido a cobrar este cheque, un cheque que nos dé las riquezas
de la libertad y la seguridad de la justicia.
También hemos venido a este santo lugar para recordar a América la impetuosa urgencia del
ahora. No es momento de darse el lujo de tomar el tranquilizante del gradualismo. Ahora es el
momento de hacer que las promesas de democracia sean reales. Ahora es el momento de
subir desde el oscuro y desolado valle de la segregación al soleado sendero de la justicia
racial. Ahora es el momento de alzar a nuestra nación desde las arenas movedizas de la
injusticia racial a la sólida roca de la fraternidad. Ahora es el momento de hacer que la justicia
sea una realidad para todos los hijos de Dios.
Sería fatal para la nación pasar por alto la urgencia del momento. Este asfixiante verano del
legítimo descontento de las personas negras no pasará hasta que haya un otoño estimulante
de libertad e igualdad. Mil novecientos sesenta y tres no es un final, sino un comienzo.
Quienes esperaban que las personas negras necesitaran desahogarse y que ahora estarán
contentos, tendrán un brusco despertar si la nación vuelve a su actividad a la normalidad. No
habrá descanso ni tranquilidad en América hasta que las personas negras se le otorguen sus
derechos como ciudadanos. Los torbellinos de la revuelta seguirán sacudiendo los cimientos
de nuestra nación hasta que nazca el brillante día de la justicia.
Pero hay algo que debo decirle a mi gente, que está en el cálido umbral que conduce al
palacio de la justicia: En el proceso de obtener nuestro legítimo, no debemos ser culpables de
actos indebidos. No busquemos satisfacer nuestra sed de libertad bebiendo de la copa de la
amargura y el odio. Debemos siempre llevar a cabo nuestra lucha en el alto plano de la
dignidad y la disciplina. No debemos permitir que nuestra protesta creativa se degrade en
violencia física. Una y otra vez, debemos elevarnos a las majestuosas alturas de enfrentar la
fuerza física con la fuerza del alma.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
La maravillosa nueva militancia que ha envuelto a la comunidad negra no debe llevarnos a
desconfiar de todos los blancos, porque muchos de nuestros hermanos blancos, como lo
demuestra su presencia aquí hoy, han llegado a darse cuenta de que su destino está ligado al
nuestro. Y han llegado a darse cuenta de que su libertad está inexplicablemente unida a
nuestra libertad.
No podemos caminar solos.
Y mientras caminamos, debemos hacer la promesa de que siempre marcharemos hacia
adelante.
No podemos retroceder.
Hay quienes están preguntando a los defensores de los derechos civiles, “¿Cuándo estarán
satisfechos?” nunca podremos estar satisfechos mientras el negro sea víctima de los
indecibles horrores de la brutalidad policial. Nunca podremos estar satisfechos mientras
nuestros cuerpos, cansados por el viaje, no pueden encontrar alojamiento en los moteles de
las carreteras y los hoteles de las ciudades. No podemos estar satisfechos mientras la
movilidad básica del negro sea de un gueto pequeño a uno más grande. Nunca podremos
estar satisfechos mientras a nuestros hijos se les despoje de su identidad y se les robe su
dignidad con letreros que digan: “Sólo para blancos”. No podemos estar satisfechos mientras
un negro en Mississippi no pueda votar y un negro en Nueva York crea que no tiene por qué
votar. No, no estamos satisfechos, y o estaremos satisfechos hasta que “la justicia corra
como el agua, y la rectitud como un arroyo poderoso.”
Soy consciente de que algunos de ustedes han venido aquí después de grandes pruebas y
tribulaciones. Algunos de ustedes han venido directamente de estrechas celdas de la cárcel.
Y algunos de ustedes han venido de lugares donde su búsqueda – búsqueda de la libertad –
los dejó golpeados por las tormentas de la persecución y tambaleándose por los vientos de la
brutalidad policial. Han sido los veteranos del sufrimiento creativo. Continúen trabajando con
la fe de que el sufrimiento no merecido es redentor. Vuelvan a Mississippi, vuelvan a
Alabama, vuelvan a Carolina del Sur, vuelvan a Georgia, vuelvan a Luisiana, vuelvan a los
barrios marginales y guetos de nuestras ciudades del norte, sabiendo que de alguna manera
esta situación puede y será cambiada.
No nos hundamos en el valle de la desesperación, les digo hoy, amigos míos.
Y así, aunque enfrentemos las dificultades de hoy y mañana, todavía tengo un sueño. Es un
sueño profundamente arraigado en el sueño americano.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
Tengo un sueño de que un día esta nación se levantará y vivirá el verdadero significado de
su credo: “Sostenemos que estas verdades son evidentes, que todos los hombres son
creados iguales.”
Tengo un sueño de que un día en las colinas rojas de Georgia, los hijos de antiguos esclavos
y los hijos de antiguos dueños de esclavos podrán sentarse juntos en la mesa de la
hermandad.
Tengo un sueño de que un día incluso el estado de Mississippi, un estado que sofoca con el
calor de la injusticia, que sofoca con el calor de la opresión, será transformado en un oasis de
libertad y justicia.
Tengo un sueño de que mis cuatro pequeños hijos vivirán un día en una nación donde no
serán juzgados por el color de su piel sino por el contenido de su carácter.
¡Tengo un sueño hoy!
Tengo un sueño de que un día todo valle será exaltado, y todo cerro y montaña será
rebajado, los lugares ásperos serán allanados, y los lugares torcidos será enderezados; “y se
revelará la gloria del Señor y toda carne la verá junta.”
Esta es nuestra esperanza, y esta es la fe con la que regreso al Sur.
Con esta fe, seremos capaces de extraer de la montaña de desesperación una piedra de
esperanza. Con esta fe, seremos capaces de transformar las discordias discordantes de
nuestra nación en una hermosa sinfonía de hermandad. Con esta fe, seremos capaces de
trabajar juntos, orar juntos, luchar juntos, ir a la cárcel juntos, defender la libertad juntos,
sabiendo que un día seremos libres.
Y este será el día – este será el día cuando todos los hijos de Dios podrán cantar un nuevo
significado:
Mi país, es de ti, dulce tierra de libertad, de ti canto.
Tierra donde murieron mis padres, tierra del orgullo del peregrino,
¡Desde cada ladera, que suene la libertad!
Y si América ha de ser una gran nación, esto debe hacerse realidad.
Así que, que suene la libertad desde las prodigiosas cimas de Nuevo Hampshire.
Que suene la libertad desde las poderosas montañas de Nueva York.
Que suene la libertad desde los crecientes Apalaches de Pensilvania.
Que suene la libertad desde los nevados Rocallosos de Colorado.
Que suene la libertad desde las curvilíneas pendientes de California.
“Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari”
English Culture II
Teacher: Silvina Carrillo
Pero no solo eso:
Que suene la libertad desde la Montaña Stone de Georgia.
Que suene la libertad desde la Montaña Lookout de Tennessee.
Que suene la libertad desde cada colina y montículo de Mississippi.
Desde cada ladera, que suele la libertad.
Y cuando esto suceda, cuando permitamos que la libertad suene, cuando dejemos que suene
desde cada aldea y cada caserío, desde cada estado y cada ciudad, podremos acelerar ese
día cuando todos los hijos de Dios, hombres negros y hombres blandos, judíos y gentiles,
protestantes y católicos, podrán unir sus manos y cantar las palabras del viejo espiritual
negro:
¡Libres al fin! ¡Libres al fin!
¡Gracias a Dios todopoderoso, somos libres al fin!

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