BLOOD COMPONENTS WASHED RED CELLS

✓ Packed red cells can be washed with normal saline to

remove plasma proteins, white cells & platelets.
✓ Use of such red cells is restricted for IgA–deficient
individuals who have developed anti-IgA antibodies.

FROZEN RED CELLS

✓ Red cells can be stored frozen for up to 10 years.
✓ To prevent hemolysis of red cells during freezing & thawing, a
cryoprotective agent such as glycerol is added.
✓ Donor red cells with rare blood groups can be stored frozen.
✓ Red cells can be stored frozen for further autologous
transfusion if the blood group is rare.
BLOOD COMPONENT ✓ Before transfusion, red cells are thawed & glycerol is
✓ A constituent separated from whole blood, by differential removed gradually.
centrifugation of one donor unit or by apheresis. ✓ Free from leucocytes, platelets & plasma & thus their use is
associated with a lower risk of nonhemolytic transfusion
CELLULAR COMPONENTS reactions.
✓ Red cell concentrate
✓ Granulocyte concentrate IRRADIATED RED CELLS
✓ Transfusion of gamma irradiated red cells is indicated for
✓ Platelet concentrate
prevention of graft vs host disease (GVHD) in susceptible
individuals like:
PLASMA COMPONENTS
a. Immunodeficient
✓ Fresh frozen plasma
b. Patients receiving blood from first-degree relatives.
✓ Cryoprecipitate
Lymphocytes from donor blood react against the
tissues of the recipient.
PLASMA DERIVATIVES
✓ Gamma irradiation (25-30 Gy) inhibits replication of donor
1. Albumin 5% & 25%
lymphocytes.
2. Plasma Protein Fractions
3. Factor VIII concentrate.
RBC VS. WHOLE BLOOD
4. Immunoglobulins
▪ Reduce the risk of circulatory overload.
5. Fibrinogen
Less severity & incidence of allergic reactions
6. Other coagulation factors
▪ ABO antibodies are reduced.
▪ Removed plasma can be used for preparing FFP &
WHOLE BLOOD
Cryoprecipitate.
▪ Most WB donations are made into components.
▪ STORAGE: 1C to 6C
PLATELETS
▪ ACD: shelf-life 21 days
▪ Differential centrifugation of a unit of whole blood (Platelet
▪ CPD: shelf-life 35 days
concentrate); Plateletpheresis.
▪ Irradiated WB: inhibits T-cell proliferation.
▪ STORAGE:
▪ INDICATIONS:
o Up to 72 hours at 20 – 24 ̊C with constant agitation
a. provides oxygen-carrying capacity.
o Maximum period of storage is 3 to 5 days.
b. volume expansion
o Must NOT be refrigerated as this will reduce platelet
c. Patients needing red cell transfusions where red cell
function.
concentrates or suspensions are not available.
PLATELETPHERESIS
RED BLOOD CELLS
✓ A portion of the donor’s platelet and some plasma is
▪ Centrifugation, sedimentation, apheresis
removed with the return of the donor’s RBCs, WBCs, and
remaining plasma.
INDICATIONS:
✓ A routine procedure takes 1 to 1.5 hours.
Leukemia
↓B.M. production ✓ The product is prepared in a closed system and can be
Aplastic anemia
stored for 5 days.
Hemolytic anemia
↓ RBC survival
Thalassemia FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
Surgical (anticipated blood ▪ Congenital or acquired coagulation factor deficiency with:
Excessive Bleeding loss>1000ml) a. Active bleeding Liver disease
Traumatic b. DIC
Anemia associated with incipient c. Coagulopathy in massive transfusion
Others /established cardiac failure. ▪ Deficiency of factors II, VII, IX & X
Full-term pregnancy with Hb value. ▪ Warfarin over-dose reversal
▪ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
CRYOPRECIPITATE
✓ Prepared by slowly thawing 1 unit of FFP at 4-6C & then
resuspending it in 10- 20 ml plasma.
✓ The unit is then refrozen at -250C or cooler & can be stored
for 1 year at this temperature.
✓ Contains:
a. factor VIII (80 – 100 iu/pack)
b. Fibrinogen (150 – 300 mg/pack)
c. Factor XIII & Fibronectine

CRYOPRECIPITATE (FACTOR VIII, FIBRINOGEN, VON-

WILLEBRAND FACTOR, FIBRONECTIN & FACTOR XIII)
INDICATIONS:
1. Haemophilia A
2. Von Willebrand disease
3. Congenital or acquired fibrinogen deficiency
4. Acquired factor VIII deficiency
5. Factor XIII deficiency
6. Source of fibrin glue used as a topical hemostatic agent

PLASMA DERIVATIVES
HUMAN ALBUMIN SOLUTIONS
▪ Albumin is prepared by cold ethanol fractionation of pooled
plasma.
▪ Available as 5%,20%,25% solutions
▪ Albumin solutions are heat treated at 600 c for 10 hours.

FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE

▪ Factor VIII concentrates prepared by fractionation from large
pools of donated plasma.
▪ Treated with heat or chemicals to destroy lipid-enveloped
viruses.
▪ Stored at 2-60C.
▪ Vials of freeze-dried protein labeled with content, usually
about 250 iu of F VIII/vial.

FACTOR IX CONCENTRATE
▪ Both plasma-derived & recombinant Factor IX concentrate
are available for treatment of Hemophilia B (Christmas
disease)
▪ Unit of issue: Vials of freeze-dried protein labeled with
content, usually about 350 – 600 IU of Factor IX.

PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATE (PCC)

▪ Contains Factor II, IX, X & sometimes also Factor VII.
▪ Immediate correction of prolonged PT.
▪ Contraindicated in patients with liver disease & thrombotic
tendency.

TIME LIMIT FOR BLOOD INFUSION

Whole blood or START: within 30 minutes
packed cells COMPLETE: within 4 hours
START: As soon as received
Platelet concentrate COMPLETE: within 15 – 20 minutes
Do not put it in the refrigerator!
START: As soon as possible after
Fresh frozen plasma thawing
COMPLETE: within 15 – 20 minutes